《英语演讲与辩论》期末考试复习重点

1、优秀教案欢迎下载英语演讲与辩论复习重点一、三种演讲的定义Introductory speech: The speech is written in manuscript form and is designed to fulfill two purposes.The first is to give you a brief, initial exposure to speaking before an audience.The second is to provide a piece of original prose that can be used to help diagnose you

2、r strengths and weakness as a writer.Informative speech:is the one in which the speaker provide the audiencewith new and/or useful information about a significant topic.Persuasive speech: This is a speech designed to persuade the audiencefor or against a question or policy.二、演讲稿三大板块1、Introduction Re

3、late topic to the audience Present the topic to the audience Attract attention Build credibility Present main points 2、Conclusion sum up 3、BodyInformative speech1) Visual aids优秀教案欢迎下载Kinds of visual aida. Objects and modelsb. Photographs and drawingsc. Graphsd. Chartse. Videosf. The speakerg. PowerP

4、ointa. Keep visual aids simpleb. Make sure visual aids are large enoughc. Use fonts that are easy to readd. Use color effectively2) Organization patterna.Chronological order 时间顺序b.Spacial order空间顺序c.Topical order话题顺序Persuasive speech1)Question of fact话题顺序2) Question of value3) Question of policy（pas

5、sive agreement & immediate action)a.Problem-solution pattern order问题出路法优秀教案欢迎下载b.Problem-cause-solution order问题成因出路法c.Comparative advantages order优惠对比法(pros&cons）d.Motivated sequence动机序列法(seek immediate action and more detailed）Five steps of motivated sequencei. Attentionii. Need iii. Satisf

6、actioniv. Visualizationv. Action三、 Supporting material 的运用 （分析题会用到）Problems:1. Foreign languages,foreign laws,customs and regulations2. Exchange rates varies3. Numerous cultural differences4. First-hand accurate information is comparatively hard to obtain.Brief example简单例证1.ExamplesExtended example延

7、展例证Hypothetical example假设优秀教案欢迎下载Single statistics2. Statistics.Multiple statisticsa. Use representative statisticsb. Identify the sources of statisticsc. Use statistics from reliable sourcesd. Round off complicated statisticse. Explain statisticsf. Use visual aids to clarify statisticsExpert3.Testi

8、monyPeela. Decide whether to quote or paraphraseb. Quote or paraphrase accuratelyc. Use testimony from qualified sources优秀教案欢迎下载d. Use testimony from unbiased sourcese. Identify the people you quote or paraphrase四、简答1、Intercultural competence2、Mental dialogue3、使用 visual aids 的好处 4、为什么确定 specific pur

9、pose特别重要5、为什么道德标准很重要五、 Methods of persuasion1. Building credibility1) Factors of credibilitya. Competenceb. Character2) Enhancing your credibilitya. Explain your competenceb. Establish common ground with your audiencec. Deliver your speeches fluently.expressively and with conviction2.Using evidencea

10、. Use specific evidenceb. Use novel evidence(新颖的）优秀教案欢迎下载c. Use evidence from credible sourcesd. Make clear the point of your evidence3.Reasoning(is a process of drawing a conclusion on the basis ofevidence）1) Reasoning from specific instance(from a number of particular facts to a general conclusion

11、）（归纳）a. Avoid generalizing too hastilyb. Make sure the instances you present are fair, unbiased and representative.c. Reinforce your argument with statistics or testimony.2) Reasoning from principle( from a general principle to a specific conclusion)（演绎）注意：Causal reasoningAnalogical reasoningFallaci

12、esa.Red herring 转移话题（熏青鱼）（ A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from thesubject under discussion)b.Ad Hominem人身攻击(A fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute)优秀教案欢迎下载c.Bandwagon主流思想谬误(A fallacy that assumes that because something is popular,it is therefore good,correct or desirable)d.Slippery slope斜坡谬误（不合理地使用连串的因果关系）(A fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented)4.Appealing to emot