Unit 11科技文件的翻译

1、Unit 11 Scientific DocumentPrinciples in C-E Translation of Scientific Document1. precision 2. clarity 3. brevity 4. objectiveness1. For precision : diction, collocation2. For clarity : amplification, non-finite structureeg1. 大多数金属都是良导体大多数金属都是良导体,而银是最好的导电金而银是最好的导电金属。属。Most metals are good conductors

2、, and silver is the best of the metals that conduct electricity.改译：改译： Most metals are good conductors，with silver being the best.eg2. 钢筋混凝土连续梁在荷载作用下，其钢度不断钢筋混凝土连续梁在荷载作用下，其钢度不断产生变化，内力出现重新分布现象产生变化，内力出现重新分布现象The sectional rigidity of an R.C. continuous beam subjected to external load will change The se

3、ctional rigidity of an R.C. continuous beam subjected to external load will change continuously. Thus, a redistribution of forces appears.改译：改译：The sectional rigidity of an R.C. continuous beam subjected to external load will change continuously, thus, causing a redistribution of forces. 3. For brev

4、ity: Omission, Nominal structure ing- structure, Combinationcompound word:试比较下列一段划的一段话的译文：试比较下列一段划的一段话的译文： 专门用于汽车大赛的汽车如，夏夫来专门用于汽车大赛的汽车如，夏夫来(Safari)或蒙特卡罗（或蒙特卡罗（Monte Carlo），从外观上看与从），从外观上看与从汽车修理厂买来的主要用于普通用途的汽车没汽车修理厂买来的主要用于普通用途的汽车没有什么区别。事实上，它们有区别，参加大赛有什么区别。事实上，它们有区别，参加大赛的汽车是经过特殊方式制造的。首先，它们所的汽车是经过特殊方式制造

5、的。首先，它们所采用的部件必须经过严格的测试；其次，选好采用的部件必须经过严格的测试；其次，选好的部件要经过精心组装，也就是说，参赛的汽的部件要经过精心组装，也就是说，参赛的汽车事实上是通过手工制造的。车事实上是通过手工制造的。译文译文1:The car which are used in rallies like the Safari or the Monte Carlo look the same asordinary cars which have been bought from a garage. In fact, they are not the same; they are ca

6、rs which have been specially prepared. Firstly, only components which have been rigorously tested are used. Secondly, the components which are chosen are put together much more carefully. In other words, the cars which are driven in rallies are in effect cars that have been built by hand.译文译文2：The r

7、ally-used cars like Safari or the Monte Carlo look the same as ordinary garage-bought cars. In fact, they are not the same; they are specially-prepared cars. Firstly, only rigorously-tested components are used. Secondly, the chosen components are put together carefully. In other words, the rally-dri

8、ven cars are in effect hand-built cars.2.试将下列一段话的译文红体字部分改为试将下列一段话的译文红体字部分改为名词名词+名词名词结构：结构： 钢制的工具箱放在仓库里。箱里除了一些标准钢制的工具箱放在仓库里。箱里除了一些标准工具以外，还有下列工具：一把工具以外，还有下列工具：一把12英寸长的卷尺，英寸长的卷尺，一些一些10公分长的铁钉，两脚插头和一个油壶。如公分长的铁钉，两脚插头和一个油壶。如发现工具丢失，请务必通知车间主任。发现工具丢失，请务必通知车间主任。 The box for tools, which is made of steel, is ke

9、pt in the room for stores. In addition to the standard tools, it should contain a ruler for measuring up to 12 inches, some nails 10 centimeters long, a number of plugs with 2 pins and a can containing oil. If any tools are missing, the manager of the workshop should be told. -ing Structure: Eg1. Pu

10、llman was farsighted enough to foresee the formation of a company which would build and own a fleet of such cars to run over all the railways of the United States, the railways being paid a rental for including the cars in their trains, and Pullmans company repaying itself the cost of building, staf

11、fing and servicing the cars by pocketing the supplementary fares which would be exacted for their use.Eg2.明天是五一国际劳动节，学校放假一天。五月明天是五一国际劳动节，学校放假一天。五月 二号照常上课。二号照常上课。Combination：1.汉语相邻两个句子表示因果，对汉语相邻两个句子表示因果，对比逻辑关系；比逻辑关系；2.相邻句子表示主语，述语关系；相邻句子表示主语，述语关系；3.相邻句子表示部分与整体关系；相邻句子表示部分与整体关系；4.相邻句子表示相邻句子表示连续关系；连续关系；5

12、.相邻句子表示平行关系。相邻句子表示平行关系。Eg. 1.地铁乘客近来大量增加了。其原因是公共汽车地铁乘客近来大量增加了。其原因是公共汽车 的乘客由于怕公共汽车不可靠转移到了地铁。的乘客由于怕公共汽车不可靠转移到了地铁。2. 最奇特的用途莫过于将金刚石做成拉丝模。那就最奇特的用途莫过于将金刚石做成拉丝模。那就是钻有许多细孔的金刚石石板。是钻有许多细孔的金刚石石板。3. 可以预言，钛材在飞机或各种飞行器上的应用将可以预言，钛材在飞机或各种飞行器上的应用将会与日俱增。并且，它在其它工业中的应用也会会与日俱增。并且，它在其它工业中的应用也会扩大。扩大。4. 一般说来，这种指示图可以帮助开车的人找到不

13、一般说来，这种指示图可以帮助开车的人找到不熟悉的目的地。如果原先选定的路线上交通堵塞，熟悉的目的地。如果原先选定的路线上交通堵塞，指示图还可以帮助他们改变行车路线。指示图还可以帮助他们改变行车路线。(5. 可见，在钛及其合金上进行电镀，就可以大大强可见，在钛及其合金上进行电镀，就可以大大强化材料表面性能，扩大其应用范围。这无疑为钛化材料表面性能，扩大其应用范围。这无疑为钛材发挥其优异性能开辟了广阔前景，并将有力推材发挥其优异性能开辟了广阔前景，并将有力推动宇航事业向前发展。动宇航事业向前发展。)译文：译文：. The recent great increase in passengers ca

14、rried on the underground is due to the transfer of passengers from the buses because of its unreliability.2. Most marvelous of all are the diamond dies, which are flat diamond with a number of holes drilled through it.3. It can be prophesied that titanium materials will be used increasingly in aeros

15、pace and in other industrial products.4. Basically, the map can help drivers find an unfamiliar destination and alternate routes if a primary route is filled with traffic.The Use of Long Sentences:Eg1. Each cylinder therefore is encased in a water jacket, which forms part of a circuit through which

16、water is pumped continuously, and cooled by means of air drawn in from the outside atmosphere by large rotary fans, worked off the main crankshaft, or, in the large diesel-electric locomotives, by auxiliary motors.Eg2. Correct timing is of the utmost importance, and also extreme accuracy, down to a

17、twenty-thousandth part of an inch, in the grinding of certain parts of the fuel injection pump and the valves.For objectiveness passive voice:Eg. a) He made turns in a helicopter by banking. b) Turns are made in a helicopter by banking.Eg. 钢缆有几千根具有很高抗拉强度的钢丝组成，钢缆有几千根具有很高抗拉强度的钢丝组成， 这种钢丝均经过了电镀以防止锈蚀这种钢丝

18、均经过了电镀以防止锈蚀The cables are composed of thousands of wires, made of high-tensile steel, which are galvanized to resist corrosion.Eg3. 本文认为掺有矿物掺合料的混凝土复合材料的本文认为掺有矿物掺合料的混凝土复合材料的强度有水泥混凝土基体产生的强度和矿物掺合料强度有水泥混凝土基体产生的强度和矿物掺合料的物理和化学两方面对强度的贡献两部分构成，的物理和化学两方面对强度的贡献两部分构成，据此提出了全面混凝土矿物掺合料的强度效应的据此提出了全面混凝土矿物掺合料的强度效应的新方

19、法；并从理论和实践两方面分析了水胶比、新方法；并从理论和实践两方面分析了水胶比、掺合料掺量以及龄期对矿物掺合量强度效应的影掺合料掺量以及龄期对矿物掺合量强度效应的影响规律响规律In this paper, the strength of concrete composites containing mineral admixtures is considered to include two parts: one is generated by cement concrete matrix, the other by physical and chemical effects of admix

20、tures on concrete. On this basis, a new method is presented for evaluating strength- effect of mineral admixture on concrete. Furthermore, the water to binder ratio, content of mineral admixture and ages on the strength-effect are quantitatively analyzed from theory and experiment.Eg. 可见，在钛及其合金上进行电镀

21、，就可以大大可见，在钛及其合金上进行电镀，就可以大大强化材料表面性能，扩大其应用范围。强化材料表面性能，扩大其应用范围。这无疑为这无疑为钛材发挥其优异性能开辟了广阔前景，并将有力钛材发挥其优异性能开辟了广阔前景，并将有力推动宇航事业向前发展。推动宇航事业向前发展。Therefore, electroplating on titanium and its alloys may greatly strengthen the superficial properties of the material, enlarging its scope of application. Homework:河流生

22、态环境需水问题是一个涉及到水文、地质、河流生态环境需水问题是一个涉及到水文、地质、气候、水资源开发利用、生态环境保护和社会经气候、水资源开发利用、生态环境保护和社会经济发展等多方面的重要问题。目前，河流生态环济发展等多方面的重要问题。目前，河流生态环境需水量研究正处于起步阶段，对河流生态环境境需水量研究正处于起步阶段，对河流生态环境需水量的概念及其内涵、河流生态环境需水量的需水量的概念及其内涵、河流生态环境需水量的确定原则与计算方法、需水量的保证措施与途径确定原则与计算方法、需水量的保证措施与途径等，都有待于广泛深入研究。本文在总结分析前等，都有待于广泛深入研究。本文在总结分析前人工作的基础上，对河流生态环境需水量理论体人工作的基础上，对河流生态环境需水量理论体系做了初步探讨。系做了初步探讨。参