在津巴布韦锌肥的利用

1、Author：Grace M. Manzeke Florence Mtambanengwe Hatirarami Nezomba Paul MapfumoZinc fertilization influence on maize productivityand grain nutritionalquality under integrated soil fertility management in ZimbabweField Crops Research 166 (2014) 128-136Contents1.Abstract 2.Introduction3.Materials and me

2、thods4.Results5.Discussion6.ConclusionsAbstract 1、Pose questions（1）、efforts to promote ISFM for improved productivity of staple cereal crops（2）、have paid little attention to soil micronutrient deficiencies under smallholder farming（3）、compromised yields and undermined the nutritional quality of harv

3、ested grains.Abstract 2、Research method A study was carried out over two cropping seasons in Hwedza district in eastern Zimbabwe to assess the added grain yield and nutritional benefits of Zn fertilizer application to maize under different ISFM options.Abstract 3、Research results1、Benefits of ISFM o

4、ptions currently promoted in smallholder farming systems in Zimbabwe are constrained by soil Zn deficiencie.2、Combining these ISFM options with Zn fertilizer formulations increased yields and grain quality of the staple maize, enhancing scope for agronomic fortification of maize to enhance human nut

5、rition.Introduction Apart from inadequate soil N and P, soil Zn deficiencies also pose a serious threat to global crop production and food nutrition, with 50% of cereal grown arease xhibiting deficiencies. More than 300 enzymes involved in the key metabolic processes in humans contain Zn . In plants

6、, the physiological functions of Zn include carbohydrate and protein metabolism, membrane integrity, auxin metabolism and reproduction .IntroductionThe specific objectives of the study were to: (i) evaluate the potential role of cattle manure and woodland litter, as sources of Zn and P in maize prod

7、uction, (ii) assess the added grain yield and quality benefits of Zn following combined use of organic nutrient resources and mineral NPK fertilizers.Materials and methods2.1.Study site2.2. Preliminary assessment of soil Zn status in farmers fields2.3. Field experimentation2.4. Assessment of maize g

8、rain yield and nutrient uptake patterns2.5. Determining changes in soil chemical properties after 2 years of maize mono-cropping2.6. Data analyses2.1.Study site The study was conducted between 2009 and 2011 in Goto ward in Hwedza smallholder farming area (1841S, 3142E) in eastern Zimbabwe, under the

9、 auspices of the SOFECSA.2.2. Preliminary assessment of soil Zn status in farmers fields Author：Grace M. Manzeke Florence Mtambanengwe Hatirarami Nezomba Paul Mapfumo2.3. Field experimentation treatments Rainfall(mm)2.4. Assessment of maize grain yield and nutrient uptake patternsl At the end of eac

10、h cropping season, maize grain yields were determined at physiological maturity from net plots measuring 2.7 m*3 m, and quantified at 12.5% grain moisture content. l Nutrient uptake was quantified on a dry weight basis using the formula: Grain nutrient uptake (Kg/ ha)= grain nutrient concentration(m

11、g/ kg)* grain yield(t/ha)2.5. Determining changes in soil chemical properties after 2 years of maize mono-cropping Plant-available Zn basis of EDTA-extractable soil Zn Total N micro-Kjeldahl digestion exchangeable bases acidified ammonium acetate Organic C the WalkleyBlack concentration of K + flame

12、 emissionspectroscopy Concentrations of C, N and P colorimetrically Concentrations of Zn、Ca andMg atomic absorption spectrophotometry2.6. Data analysesl Data were analysed using ANOVA withGENSTAT for Windows, Discovery Edition 13 . l Determine treatment differences with respect to maize grain yield,

13、grain nutrient uptake and soil chem ical properties.Results 3.1. Effects of combined organic and inorganic fertilizer and Zn addition on maize grain yield 3.2. Fertilizer effects on maize grain Zn concentration and uptake 3.3. Grain P concentration and uptake as affected by organic resource quality

14、and Zn fertilization 3.4. Organic and inorganic fertilization effect on plant available soil P and Zn status 3.1. Effects of combined organic and inorganic fertilizer and Zn addition on maize grain yield 3.2. Fertilizer effects on maize grain Zn concentration and uptake3.3. Grain P concentration and

15、 uptake as affected by organic resource quality and Zn fertilization 3.4. Organic and inorganic fertilization effect on plant available soil P and Zn statusDiscussion 4.1. Zinc as a missing component in current ISFM options available to farmers Study clearly show ： yields attained under current farm

16、er soil fertility management practises were limited by low soil micronutrient contents. 4.2. Added value of Zn and organic nutrient resource application on maize grain nutrient concentration and uptake Results from the present study showed that use of farmers current fertilization options in combina

17、tion with Zn improved maize grain Zn concentration.4.3. Fertilizer induced mining of micronutrients in current farming practices The fertilization regimes used in the experiment had significant effects on soil P and Zn availability but not on other soil chemicalparameters. Zinc fertilization in smallholder farms is therefore important to offset negative nutrient balances resulting from inherent deficienciesand low levels of nut