英格兰历史England

1、EnglandThe largest part of UKEnglandEngland vs. GuangdongEngland:nPopulation(2004) 50.1 million (UK total: 60.4 million)nArea 130 423 square km (UK total: 241 752)Guangdong:nPopulation(2005)90 millionnArea179800 square kmEnglandnHighly urbanized -80% of population living in cities -only 2% working i

2、n agriculturenPhysically largest with largest populationnDominance in: size/ culture/ economy -take England for UK -Scottish/ Welsh/ IrishnLondonPopulation distributionBeautiful landscape of EnglandLand end and Atlantic seaHistory of Invasions InBefore first century AD -Celtic people (powerful cultu

3、re originating in central Europe)n43 AD -Roman empire, 400y, divided again, 7 kingdoms -King Arthurn5th century -Germanic peoples: Angles, Saxons. - either absorbed/ pushed the Celtic people -forefathers of the EnglishHistory of Invasion IInLate 8th century -Vikings from Scandinavia -large areas of

4、northern & eastern England -differences between the southerners & northernersnFrom 1066 -Normans from France, descendants of Vikings -last time army from outside succeeded in invading -ruling class: aristocracy -Robin Hood, Tower of London(central London)nProcess of joining together the vari

5、ous parts -monarch vs. parliamentThe Celts (about 700 BC) nThe Celts were the ancestors of the Scots, Welsh and IrishnThey began to arrive about 700 BC, and may have come from eastern and central Europe, now France, Belgium and GermanyInvasion of CeltsGaelsBrythonsBelgaeAncestors of Highland Scots,

6、the Irish and the Welsh Celts600BC400BC150BCThe CeltsnThey were practiced farmers. They drained much of the marshlands and built houses of wood and wickerwork with a weatherproof coating of mud. nThey were ironworkers. Roman Britain (55BC410AD)nBritish recorded history begins with the Roman invasion

7、。nIn 55 BC, the great Roman general Julius Caesar invaded Britain for the first time (unsuccessful)nIn AD 43, Emperor Claudius invaded successfullynFor nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation, but it was never a total occupation.nFirst, as a result of resistance; nSecondly, Roman tro

8、ops were often withdrawn from Britain to fight in other parts of the Roman Empire.CloptreJules Csar/Julius CaesarThe Roman contributionn they built a network of towns on their military camps with the capital of London(the suffix caster or chester in English place namesLancaster, Winchesterderives fr

9、om castra, the Latin word for camp.)n the Romans From London, roads radiated all over the country/snlrc/encyclopaedia_romana/britannia/ruins/britanniamap.html/snlrc/encyclopaedia_romana/britannia/romanbritain.htmlChesterColchesterCirencesterSilchesterPortchester

10、backTwo great walls nthe Hadrians Wall (哈德良长城)and the Antonine Wall (*movie: Brave Heart)nReasons:1.After the Roman occupation, the Romans met with fierce resistance and attacks from the tribes of Scotland. These people were called Picts（皮克特人）because of their )2.The Romans realized that they could n

11、ot conquer them. So they withdrew from the north, and built two great walls, the Hadrians Wall and the , to resist the attacks)PlayThe Roman contributions3. The Romans made good use of Britains natural resources. T h e y b u i l t b a t h s , t e m p l e s , amphitheatres and beautiful villas.4. The

12、 Romans also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.Legend of King ArthurnLegend and lore surround the life of Arthur, a medieval king of the Britons. According to legend, Arthur was raised unaware of his royal ancestry and became king by pulling a sword from a stone. nThe once and futur

13、e kingLegend of King ArthurnKnightnThe fifth century ADnGreat leader, united the British, drove the Saxons backnMagical sword: ExcaliburnRound table: equal precedence -monarch no remote dictator, bind the monarchy into democratic systemnPlaces related: cliff-edge castle* Movie: A Knights Tale, King

14、ArthurRound tableThe Anglo-Saxons (446-871) 盎格鲁盎格鲁-萨克逊人萨克逊人n-The 朱特人, from todays Denmark, came to Britain first for assistance to drive out the and .n-Then the from northern Germann-The who also came from northern German and were to give their name to the English people.Saxon Invasions and Land Hol

15、dingsVikings from Scandinavia nVikings were the Norwegians and the Danes from Denmark. nThe Danes gained control of the north and east of England, while Alfred ruled the rest.Legend of Robin HoodnSaxon nobleman oppressed by NormansnMerry men in green wood (north midlands)nEarly English socialistnEng

16、lish character -unconventional interior hidden by external conformity -weakness: unconventionality externally, Punk rockers -Gardening: popular pastime, personal affairs out of public gazenRobin HoodNorman conquer: influence nFeudal system nLanguage Monarch vs. ParliamentnProcess of uniting the king

17、dom internally & presenting a single identify externallynCharles 1st -overrule parliament in 1640s -executednOliver Cromwell -restored monarchnRemoval of the Scottish house of StuartnImported throne from Holland(William & Mary)nParliaments dominance over the throneImportant Names to Remember

18、nKing Alfred the Great (8th century) -truly English(Anglo-Saxon) hero -turn the tide against VikingsnWilliam the Conqueror/ of Normandy -cross English Channel in 1066 -defeat the English army under King Harold -take the English throne, William 1st of England -build Tower of LondonExercisesnBritain is a country with a history of invasions. In 43AD Britain was invaded by_. In the late 8th century they experienced _raids from Scandinavia and in the 11th century they suffered from invasions from_.nThe Anglo-Saxon began to settle in Britain in_.nThe capit