初三复习语法专题1（十大词类）

1、初三英语语法专题复习（一）-十大词类十大词类意义例词1名词 (n.)表示人或事物的名称people, fruit, tennis2代词 (pron.)代替名词，及名词短语或句子I, we, you, he, she, they, this3冠词 (art.)位于名词前，说明名词a, an, the4动词 (V.)动作或状态be, do, have, like5形容词 (adj.)主要用来修饰名词happy, beautiful, busy6副词 (adv.)主要用来修饰动词even, always, only, too7介词 (prep.)表示名词与其它词间关系in, on, under, b

2、y, at8连词 (conj.)连接词与词；短语与短语；句与句and, or, but, because9数词 (num.)表示数量或顺序six, one, first10感叹词 (interj.)表示说话情感hello, well, oh考点直击一、名词（nouns）：1、分专有名词和普通名词。专有名词指人名、地名等。首字母大写，如：China；English；Tom等。2、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。(1)可数名词有_和_两种形式。名词的复数部分变化规则如下： 可数名词规则变化：（过关！）类别构成方法例词一般情况加sbook-books以s, x, ch, sh结尾名词加esclassc

3、lasses；boxboxes; watchwatches；dish-dishes辅音字母+y 结尾的名词y改i再加esfamilyfamilies; party-partiesO结尾的名词加sradio(s); piano(s); zoo(s); photo (s); zero(s)等加eshero-heroes；tomato(es); potato(es)以f/fe 结尾的名词加sroof-roofs改f/fe为v再加esthief-thieves; wife-wives; leaf-leaves; knifeknives; wolfwolves; life-lives 可数名词不规则变化

4、：（背诵！）man_; woman_; foot_; tooth_; child_mouse_; sheep_; Chinese_; Japanese_；Englishman_; Frenchwoman_ America_; German_(中日不变，英法变，其余s加后面)(2) 不可数名词：不可数名词的计量形式：数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词。 如：a bottle of water -two bottles of water3. 集体名词： 指整体时，视为单数; 指整体中的个体时，视为复数。 例：family(家庭，家人)-Her family _(be) watching movie

5、 now. Her family _(be) full of laughing.4. 名词所有格：表示名词与名词之间的所属关系类别构成方法例词有生命名词单数加s Lilys father ; his daughter有生命名词复数S结尾 加the doctors office; my grandparents house不以s结尾加sChildrens Day无生命名词利用ofthe map of China (Chinas map)实战演练：1. Its my _ schoolbag. He left it there just now. Abrother B. brothers C. br

6、others2. Whose _are there? -I think they are Johns. A. key B. keies C.keys (14永州) 3. There are many expensive _ in the shop. (2014怀化) A. watch B. watches C. watchs. 4. Are there any _ in your school? A. German B. Germans C. Germen （14广州） 5. How many _ are there in the basket? A. potato B. bread C. t

7、omatoes 6. There are a lot of _ on the ground. A. leaf B. leaves C. leafs 7. We should take our teachers _ and make full use of _. A. advices; times B. advice; time C. advices; time D. advice; times 8. Look at Joys _. She is very happy. A. face B. faces C. mouths (14张家界) 9. Please give me some _ on

8、how to learn English well. (2014益阳)A. plan B. information C. advice 10. You can find many_ about the famous film star on the Internet. A. news B. information C. pictures 11. There isnt any _ in the fridge. A. vegetables B. beef C. eggs 12. I had a piece of beef, vegetables and_ for dinner. A. some r

9、ice B. a few rice C. a rice二、代词（pronouns）：1. 人称，物主及反身代词 （背诵！）第一人称第二人称第三人称主格Iweyou(你/你们)hesheitthey 宾格adj.物主代词yourhistheirn.物主代词mineoursits反身代词_;_2. 指示代词: this (these); that (those)3. 不定代词：little; a little; much (后+不可数n.); few; a few; many; both; either(后+可数n.)some, any, all (后+可数或不可数n.) 复合不定代词：someo

10、ne; something; anything, anybody; nothing ; nobody; none 4. 疑问代词： who, whom, whose, which, what5. 重难点： 当adj. 修饰不定代词时，adj. 放不定代词后，如：something important,; anything else ; 不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。（难点：其反义疑问句中，不定代词指人时，其反义疑问句用复数代词they；指物，反义疑问句用it）Everyone is here, arent they? (everyone 指人)Everything begins to gr

11、ow in spring,_isnt it?_（everything指物） 句型： It+be + adj./adv +(for sb.) to do sth. (此句型只能用it做主语)实战演练： 用所给词的适当形式填空 单项选择1. This is _(they) house. _(my) is next door.2. The little child is too young to look after _(him).3. This dictionary doesnt belong to _(your).4. We are all from China. _(none) of us i

12、s English.5. _(it) is 30 minutes walk from my home to my office.6. My parents are going to take_ to Mount Wuyi this weekend. A. me B. my C. mine7. The man called the professor for help because he couldnt solve the problem_.A. herself B. himself C. themselves （2013广州）8. I have two pencils. One is red

13、, _ is yellow. A. another B. other C. the other9. Boys and girls. Listen to me carefully, I will tell you _. （2014湘西）A. Interesting something B. nothing interesting C. something interesting10._ is very important to learn English well. A. It B. This C. That (2014怀化)11. My sister is old enough to dres

14、s _now. A. himself B. herself C. myself (14长沙)12. Jishou is our beautiful home and we all love _. A. her B. him C. them13. -How do you like these two books? -_ of them are interesting. weve read them several times. A. Both B. Neither C. None三、冠词（Articles）： 冠词位于名词前，且不能离开名词独立存在。1. 不定冠词（a, an“一”+单数名词）a

15、用于辅音音标开头的名词前；an用于元音音标开头的名词前。表示首次提到的人或物；泛指。2. 定冠词(the) （背诵！）用在特指的人或物前（上文提到过/二次出现的或特指的人或物）集体名词前。The cat is liked by many people. 地球上独一无二的事物前：The sun 地点/方位/时间前 in the country; in the south序数词，形容词最高级前面：The first one; the highest place(口诀：特指双熟悉，上文已提及；/世上独无二，序数最高级；/专有集体前，习语和乐器)3. 不用冠词的情况（背诵！）（学科球类三餐饭，四季星期

16、月份前；颜色节日(但：中国传统节日前+the)和国名，称呼习语和头衔）实战演练：1. Miss Zhang will go to_ America for _ important meeting next mouth.A. an; an B. /; an C. /;a D. an; the2. Mary was born in 1998 and she began to play _guitar at the age of seven. (13长沙)A. a B. / C. the3. I cant see _sun today. Its cloudy. A. 不填 B. a C. the (

17、14张家界)4. He often play _ basketball with us. A. the B. an C./ (14邵阳)5. _ Great Wall is _ longest wall in the world. A. The; the B. A; a C. The; a6. The house is nice. Has it got _ garden. A. / B. a C. an D. the7. Can I help you, sir? (2014益阳)-_egg and a glass of juice, please. A. A B. An C. The 8. B

18、eijing is in _ north of China and Shenzhen is in _ south of China.9. There is _apple in my bag. _apple was washed by my mother.10. My sister likes playing _piano and my brother likes playing _ football.11. _moon goes around_ earth and the earth goes around _sun.12. June 1st is _ childrens Day.四、形容词（

19、adjectives）和副词（adverbs）：考点1.形容词的用法：1）作定语：This is an interesting book.2）作表语：The work is difficult. She looks happy today. 3）作宾语补足语: She always makes us_(sad, sadly) 考点2. 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成（背诵！）1）形容词、副词一般有三个等级，即_, _,_ （如big, bigger, biggest）2） 比较级和最高级的构成规则变化： 单音节和部分双音节比较级加 , 最高级加 。tall_, _. 以e结尾加r. 如：f

20、ine_; nice _. 以”辅元辅”结尾的单词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er. 或-est.如： hot_,_; thin_, _ wet _, _ fat _,_; big_,_; red_, _ sad_,_; 以“辅音字母+y”的双音节词, 改y为i, 再加-er. 如：happy_, _; 部分双音节词和多音节词在前面加more 构成比较级，在其前面加 most 构成最高级。如：difficult _, _ carefully _ _, _ 形容词+ly的副词，比较级在前+more，最高级在前+most. lovely_, _ 3）不规则变化（背诵！）goodbadlittle

21、much/manyoldfarbetterworselessmoreolder/elderfarther/furtherbestworstleastmostoldest/eldestfarthest/furthest 及时训练：1. My _ brother is _ than me. (older，elder)2. Beijing is _ than Zhejiang from Shanghai .(farther、further)3. Some students go abroad for _ studies. (farther、further)考点3. 形容词的构成（常考！）1）名词后+

22、-ful或-y，或+ly构成use_, care_, hope_ ; beauty_; wind_, health_ , noise_; friend_; love_2)复合形容词, 如：a 6-year-old boy 3) V-ing(修饰物)和V-ed（人做主语）形式的形容词。interesting-interested; boringbored.考点4. 副词构成 1) 直接由形容词加-1y构成。quiet_; slow_; bad_; polite_2) 以“辅音字母+le”结尾的词，去-e加-y. simple_; gentle_  terrible_3) 以”辅音字母+

23、y”结尾的词，改-y为i, 再加-ly. easy_; happy_; busy_4) 有些程度副词没有比较级：quite, rather,very,so,too, enough,even,still 等。 注意： 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词不是副词：日常的 _ , 可爱的 _ ,友好的 _ _ 孤独的 _ , 丑陋的 _ _ , 活泼的，生动的 _ ；及时训练：( ) Mrs Smith has a cute baby. It often smiles_ at people. A. friendly B. lovely C. happily D. lively 考点5、常考形容词副词的句型1

24、. 句型：“A is （3 times(倍数)） as +形容词/副词原级+ as B”“A是B的几倍大”2. 句型：“A is （3 times(倍数)） +形容词/副词比较级+ than B”“A比B 大几倍“3. 句型：比较级+and+比较级：bigger and bigger “越来越大”4. 句型：”the+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子” “越，越”实战演练：1. Which season do you like_(good), summer or winter?2. It rained _(heavy) last night.3. I think English is _(i

25、nteresting) than other subject.4. She always does her homework_(careful) than her elder brother.5. I think Kate danced _(good) than Lily.6. The _ days last too long. A. fog B. foggy C. fogy (2014衡阳)7. Who runs _, Lily or Lucy? A. slow B. slower C. slowest (2013株洲)8. English is not as _ as Chinese. A

26、. easy B. easily C. easier 9. Did you find _ in the newspaper? A. interesting anything B. anything interesting(13益阳)10. There are many beautiful flowers in the world, but in parents eyes, their children are the _ of all. A. as beautiful as B. more beautiful C. most beautiful (2014衡阳)11. Compare this

27、 new TV set with the old one, you will see which is_. (2014张家界)A. good B. better C. best12. The weather is becoming_.(2014兰州)A. hotter and hotter B. hoter and hoter C. more and more hot13. We are so glad to see Jishou is developing_ these years than it did before. A. more quickly B. the more quickly

28、 C. the most quickly14. Li Ke _ runs in the morning, for he wants to be healthy. A. never B. often C. hardly15. This box is_ that one. A. heavy than B. so heavy as C. heavier as D. as heavy as 16. This book is_ that one, but_ than that one. A. as difficult as; expensive B. as difficult as; more expe

29、nsive C. more difficult as; as expensive 17. Your room is _ mine. A. twice as large than B. bigger twice than C. twice as large as18. Your room is _ than mine. A. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times19. _ you come back, _ it will be. A. The quicker, the best B. The sooner, the

30、 better C. Faster, the better D. The sooner, better20. Beijing is one of_ in China. A. the largest city B. the large cities C. the larger cities D. the largest cities21. When spring comes, it gets _.A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter五、介词（prepositions）：考

31、点1. 常考时间介词1) in(+年/月/上下午强调时间段 +时间段“在以后”in ten years); 2) on+具体某一天或某一天上下午。 On (the morning of) September 10th3) at+时间点 at noon; at midnight(区别：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening)4) by “到时候” 5）before 与after 6）for+时间段（常用现在完成时 I have studied English for 5 years） 7) since+ 过去时间点“自从”8) from”

32、从” 9) during” 在期间”10) until直到; 11) notuntil”直到才”考点2. 常考地点、方位介词1) in:”在里面” 2)at:“在（小）地点”at the post office 3) on: “在上面(表面接触)” 4) above: “在上方（表面不接触）” 5) over:“在正上方(表面不接触)” 6) below: “在下方 ” 7) under: “在正下方” 8) to: “在范围以外” to the south of China 9) in front of “在（某空间外部）的前面” 10) in the front of “在（某空间内部）的

33、前面”考点3. 表示方式、手段、工具的介词1) in English “用英语” 2) with 表”用/和” 3) on foot; by bus(交通工具); by listening to taps（通过）5) without”没有” 6) beyond”超出范围” 7）including”包括”实战演练：1. There is a light _ the desk.2. He studies English _ asking the teacher for help.3. Would you like to go to school _ foot with me?4. Ice is o

34、ften seen here in winter as the temperature usually stays _ zero.5. Jays concert is _three oclock _the afternoon of July 18th .6. Many city in China, _ Beijing, have been deeply affected by dirty air.A. including B. behind C. without D. beyond7. They usually go shopping _ their lunch time. A. among

35、B. between C. during8. Mothers day is _ the second Sunday in May in the United States. A. on B. at C. in9. Uncle Tom lives _ a farm _the country. A. in; at B. near; on C. on; in10. It is clear that we cannot live_ water. A. with B. without C. beyond六、连词（conjunctions）：（必考！）1.并列连词 1）并列关系：and；as well a

36、s (和，也)；bothand(两者都/ 既.又); not onlybut also(不仅而且)； neithernor(既不也不/两者都不) 2）转折关系：but; while (但是，然而)； yet（可是，然而）；however（然而，后有”,”）3) 选择关系：or(或者)； eitheror(或者或者)4) 因果关系： so（因此）；for（因为）2. 从属连词（后常接句子的引导连词） 1）表时间：when(“当时/此时”,后为时间点常用过去式)，while(“当时”, 后为时间段常用进行时)，as(“当时/一边一边”); before; after; until; since;

37、as soon as(一就) 2) 表条件：if (如果)；unless(除非)；as long as（只要）; or (否则)=if not 3）表原因：because；as(因为)；since(因为) 4）表目的和结果： so that”结果是”; so(+形容词)that”如此以至于”； such(+名词)that”如此以至于”; in order that”为了” 5) 表让步：though/although /even if/ even though(虽然，尽管)；whatever (无论什么) 6) 比较和方式： asas； the same as(和一样); as if; as though(似乎，好像)3.几个一词多意的连词： as（作为当时正如因为尽管/虽然(child as he is,)） while(当时候然而尽管，虽然) ; since(自从因为)； or(或者否则) if (是否如果)实战演练：1. The fans were_ exi