多媒体讲台-文献翻译

1、重 庆 理 工 大 学文 献 翻 译二级学院 车辆工程学院 班 级 学生姓名 学 号 01 译 文 要 求1、译文内容必须与课题（或专业）内容相关，并需注明详细出处。2、外文翻译译文不少于2000字；外文参考资料阅读量至少3篇（相当于1万外文字符以上）。3、译文原文（或复印件）应附在译文后备查。 译 文 评 阅导师评语（应根据学校“译文要求”，对学生外文翻译的准确性、翻译数量以及译文的文字表述情况等作具体的评价） 指导教师： 年 月 日基于消费者的需求和使用过程的绿色产品设计摘要客户需求分析和产品的开发是设计的重要组成部分，决定了产品开发的成败，因此，开展绿色产品设计和客户需求分析的过程是很重

2、要的。本文讨论了客户需求的特点，传统方法也可以确定客户需求和分析客户的需求。绿色环保产品是结合产品生命周期的设计，建造一个共同的客户需求的绿色产品设计模块，而传统方法确定的产品中存在的环境缺陷进行了改进。最后到绿色洗涤产品设计例如，适应性和验证方法的有效性。【关键词】绿色产品，绿色设计，客户需求，需求的重要性，产品的生命周期1、引言 客户的需求就是客户的声音，是期望需求的总和，包括产品的功能，性能和产品，以满足客户的许多其他产品属性的产品，有竞争力的基础上的需求，填补了客户的需求空缺，提高满足客户需求或创造客户需求的新的水平，是提高产品的市场竞争力的重要组成部分。整理客户对绿色产品的设计需求分

3、析在近几年的重要作用的绿色浪潮的兴起，企业的绿色壁垒出现在产品需求对环境的影响持续的企业竞争力具有非常重要的影响，产品需求和有效整合绿色设计是公司面临的每一个重要的问题因此，对绿色设计分析的需求具有重要意义的客户的需求集合中单挂波模糊集理论，基于客户需求的描述方法，客户端需要的语言来描述，通过 XML，使用半形式化描述语言表达要确保客户要求转化为设计要求的准确性的信息，减少信息失真的转换过程中的信息。 Shieh和Yan等人提出的需求方面和图形信息的指令加入使客户需求的产品设计更容易获得?模板的基本思想的图形分类。 在完成对客户需求的分析，李嫣为质量功能展开（QFD）在一系列客户需求基础的重要

4、性问题的粗略秩序的其他研究。对于质量功能展开（QFD）的客户调查中存在的一些问题（模糊的需求，不完整和不确定的），多属性决策的不完备信息系统的使用粗糙集，产品设计以确定客户需 求基础中的重要程度卡诺模型分析，以确定客户重要校正因子的程度，则客户重要结合的校正因子为度为最终客户需求的重要程度。雷声等基于质量功能展开（QFD）模型客户自动转换到对应不同程度的创新，设计创新搜索模式和进化搜索模式，引入Apriori算法和灰色关联的产品需要，在不同的模式开始在知识库中搜索时，会自动映射客户需求，产品功能的技术特点。 在本文中，绿色产品设计的理念和方法来获得产品的需求需要整理的方法和研究，客户对绿色产品

5、需求的特点，全面了解的基础上的进程，确定绿色设计的需求产品以 获取信息技术，建立一个共同的客户需求的绿色产品设计模块的主要途径，对于传统方法的需求，解决了缺乏系统性和规范性问题，原来的客户需求和产品环境中分解过程中的细节处理以提取的基本需要的想法，呈现给客户，以提取隐藏的方法的环境需求需求的常规深层次的处理，客户为传统的方法，用于确定缺陷的存在需求的重要程度，介绍了模糊层次分析法确定产品密钥环境需要方法的程度，以提高客户的精度需求显著程度，通过建立模糊一致矩阵，获得产品需求层次的绿色产品概念设计，需求后期变化产品功能提供了充足的准备。2、为客户的绿色设计与分析过程2.1客户需求获取方法 获取客

6、户的需求，信息收集的传统方法通常是用户需求调查，客户反馈和订单分析，缺乏对客户需求的模板支撑，收集客户需求信息往往缺乏系统化，规范化，这是由于以下两种原因：很多客户的随机性和随意性的表达，因为参与产品需求的因素太多，办案人员很难考虑到所有的因素，所以产品的绿色设计建设客户需求的模块是十分必要的，对绿色产品的需求可以建立一个模板系统，对客户需求的标准集合。客户对绿色产品的需求,从产品生命周期理论构建模块包含产品生命周期的产品从概念设计到制造,使用,甚至垃圾回收后,重用和处理和处置的整个过程的生命周期。在本文中，考虑了客户的需求三个子阶段的产品生命周期，包括产品的购买阶段，产品的使用和生命阶段的产

7、品结束，从三个角度系统地考虑到潜在客户的显性和隐性的需求，并以此为根据客户的需求为绿色建筑设计模板，绿色产品设计和客户模板的普遍需求，在面对具体的产品绿色设计，该模块可以进行调整，以满足特定客户的需求。2.2提取客户的环境需求 对于绿色设计环境需求需求分析信息是最重要的信息，而是由一般的用户需要访问信息通常由更上位的获得，环境方面的需要放置含糊，暗示它的存在，例如，一个部 分，用于家洗衣机，客户提出了“操作简单，体积小，重量轻，安全杀菌，外观漂亮，噪音低，运转平稳，低功耗和水的消耗”等方面的需求，在客户的分析环境的 需要，除了要考虑显性环境的需求，需要从提取隐藏环境需要注意一些熟客。以下描述了

8、生产环境需要提取过程模型，如图1所示，通过三个步骤的过程模型，以获得更详细的，提高了产品的环境需要，随后三个步骤：要求捕获和分解，对环境需要提取和深加工的环保要求。在图1中所示的处理。2.3绿色产品来确定客户需求的重要性 绿色产品对客户的需求是很重要的，确定绿色设计程度和客户需要进入前的准备绿色产品的客户需求的重要程度以及产品特性它们反映了客户的环境的需要，根据不同的程度上决定绿色产品和决策，客户对绿色产品的重要决定相应的绿色产品绿色设计和技术规划的程度有着重要的意义需求的优化设计。为了便于这种分析，唯一显著程度的产品环境要求判定分析。 重要的是确定客户需求的程度，有三个比较传统的方法：德尔菲

9、法，多目标的评价方法，以及客户调查方法。以下是三个重要程度的传统方法。因为有低于传统方法，以提高效率，并确定精确度的一个重要要求，一些学者对其他重要方法要求确定的深入研究和探索的程度。 AHP（层次分析法），简称AHP，在20世纪从70年代中期，Thomas 运筹学吗？美国奥塞梯 (TLSaaty) 正式提出，这是组合的定性和定量的系统化、 层次化的方法分析，由于其复杂的决策，在处理实际问题和效力，以及很快就全世界的关注。层次分析法的基本思路和人，复杂的决策问题判断过程很大程度上是思维的相同的。相比其他的方法、 层次分析法的优点如下：强大的数理逻辑，降低了结果的主观性和不确定性，反映元件的相对

10、重要性，更适合的客户需求在QFD重要度确定克服困难，为决策者决策分析这一现象相互沟通，以克服决策者的个人喜好，以提高决策效率。 传统的AHP比较矩阵，以确定通过建立的客户要求的重要度，因此，确定矩阵是否?对客户要求的程度很重要的评估科学，合理的直接影响，但在实际应用中，它被建立，以确定成对比较矩阵往往不能满足的遵守要件。这是因为，思维的n个两两比较对象的人来说是难以达到的一致性，并利用19级方法也非常难以判断的例如如果矩阵满足遵守要件的一致性。3、应用 正如四个家用电器的洗衣机,国内外普及率很高。中国的家用电动洗衣机行业只从1978年开始到1983年，年产量达到365万台，提前两年完成和超过3

11、.5万台指定的目标，到1984年，累计产量达到 1352万台，家用洗衣机的95.7的年销售增长率，成为一种流行的商品在市场上。本文将详细分析洗衣机绿色设计和客户的需求和处理过程，通过客户对洗衣机的需求环境的转换需求,并通过模糊一致矩阵的解决方案在洗衣机生产环境中一个重要的订单处理要求的设计工作作为参考。3.1洗涤和精加工产品要求 产品设计人员的绿色设计模块的客户需求打造的第一台洗衣机，每个模块参照的客户调查的方式来获得家用洗衣机客户的特殊需求客户需求细分很简单，方便衣物的地方，无毒，安全，重量轻，搬运方便，智能控制，价格适中，寿命长，可靠，充分干燥，洗涤充分，安全杀菌，防皱熨烫。3.2提取洗衣

12、机生产环境的需要 其中对产品的环境因素的隐性需求的一些固定的客户，需要为环境因素，以及不同的监管要求和产品具有不同程度的接触环境表现这些建议的监管要求，需要进一步的分析和判断。洗涤后客户需要的产品类别,，可以表述如下： 该单位的一般要求：取放衣物操作简单，安全，无毒，易于操作，重量轻，安全杀菌，价格实惠，智能控制，运行可靠，使用寿命长，满洗涤，干燥充分，防皱熨烫。该单位的环境要求：高效节能，材料消耗少，水耗低，噪音低，易回收，符合相关的环保法规。为了方便的产品设计和理解客户需要成员和准确的应用，建立家用洗衣机，以提取环境需求的结构。3.3确定需求的重要性 对绿色产品客户的需求是很重要的，确定的

13、绿色设计程度，客户的需求为绿色产品的客户需求的重要程度是体现在客户对产品的环保需求，强调编制产品特性，决定了绿色产品的优化设计和决策，客户对绿色产品的重要决定相应的绿色产品绿色设计和技术规划的需求程度有着重要的意义。4、结论 本文简要概述了客户的需求，专注于绿色产品设计、 客户要求和收集方法的分析整理过程中，需要分析的概念基础打造一种普通的客户需求的绿色产品设计模块，对传统方法的客户成功的解决方案收集资料的要求，并不是全面的、 非标准的问题 ；提取隐藏环境需求的方法，并通过建立模糊一致矩阵法来确定客户的需求，从而增加客户的需求为重要程度的准确性为绿色产品概念设计到产品特点。后半部分提出了重要程

14、度的顺序提高传统方法的不足。客户需求的基础，绿色产品的概念，大大提高了设计成功的可能性，最后在本文中，概念设计，例如洗涤产品验证了方法的可行性。出处：Green Design for Product Analysis of customer needs and processingAbstract customer needs analysis and processing is an important part of product development and design, one determines the success or failure of product develo

15、pment, therefore, carried out in the green product design and customer needs analysis process is crucial. This paper discusses the design of green products the characteristics of customer demand, the customer needs to determine access to and analysis of sorting methods in the traditional way to anal

16、yze customer needs, based on access, combined with the product life cycle, build a common customer demand green product design modules while the traditional methods important in determining the degree of demand for products environmental deficiencies that exist has been improved and finally to green

17、 washing product design, for example, adaptability and effectiveness of the verification method. Keywords green products, green design, customer demand, demand importance, product life cycle1 IntroductionCustomer demand is the voice of the customer, is the product of the sum of the expectations need

18、s, including product features, performance, and many other product attributes of the product to meet customer needs with competitive basis, to fill vacancies in customer needs, improve meet customer needs or create new levels of customer demand, is to improve the market competitiveness of products a

19、n important part. finishing the analysis of customer demand for green product design plays a vital role in recent years the rise of the green wave, corporate green barriers appear in the environmental impact of product demand continued competitiveness of the enterprise has a very important influence

20、, product demand and effective integration of green design is every important issue facing the company, therefore, demand for green design analysis has great significance in the collection of customer demand, single-hung waves of fuzzy set theory based on customer needs described method, the client

21、needs language to describe, through the use of XML, semi-formal description language be expressed in order to ensure the customer requirements into design requirements to the accuracy of information, reduce information distortion of information during the conversion process. Shieh and Yan et al prop

22、osed a graphical classification of the basic idea of ?template added in demand terms and graphical information instructions to make product design easier access to customers' needs.Finishing in the customer needs analysis, Li Yan to other studies of quality function deployment (QFD) in the set o

23、f customer needs based on rough order of importance the issue. For Quality Function Deployment (QFD) customer survey in a number of problems (fuzzy demand, incomplete and uncertain), the use of rough set in incomplete information system of multi-attribute decision making, product design to determine

24、 the important degree of customer needs based on Kano model analysis to determine the degree of customer important correction factor, then the customer important combined with the correction factor for degrees to be an important degree of the final customer demand. thunder and so on based on Quality

25、 Function Deployment (QFD) model of automatic conversion of customer needs through product corresponding to a different degree of innovation, design innovative search patterns and evolutionary search mode, the introduction of Apriori algorithm and gray correlation, in different modes to start the se

26、arch in the Knowledge Base, will automatically map the customer needs to product features technical characteristics.In this paper, the concept of green product design and the demand for ways to get the product needs to collate methods and processes of research, customer demand for green products on

27、the basis of a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics, determine the demand for green design products to get access to information technology and the main way to build a common customer demand green product design module, the demand for traditional methods to solve the lack of systematic

28、 and normative issues, details of the decomposition of the original customer needs and product environment during processing to extract the basic needs ideas, presented to the conventional deep-level processing of customer demand for environmental needs of the method to extract hidden, an important

29、degree of customer demand for the traditional method for determining the existence of shortcomings, the paper introduces the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to determine the degree of product key environmental needs methods to improve the accuracy of customer needs significant degree, through the e

30、stablishment of fuzzy consistent matrix, obtained a green product conceptual design of the hierarchy of product requirements, demand for the late change to the product features provide adequate preparation.2 green design and analysis process for customers2.1 Customer requirements capture methodAcces

31、s to customer demand, the traditional methods of information collection is usually the user needs survey, customer feedback and order analysis, the absence of customer demand template support, collection of customer demand information is often a lack of systematic and standardized, which is composed

32、 of the following two two causes: there are many customers in the expression of the randomness and arbitrariness, because too many factors involved in product demand, the investigators is difficult to consider all factors, so when the product green design green design to build a customer demand modu

33、le is very necessary, demand for green products can build a template system, the standard collection of customer needs.Customer demand for green products to build the module from the product life cycle theory of the products containing the product life cycle from concept design to manufacturing, use

34、 and even waste after recycling, reuse and treatment and disposal of the life cycle of the whole process. In this paper, consider the product life cycle of the three sub-stages of the customer needs, including product purchase stage, product use and product end of life stage, from three angles syste

35、matically consider the potential customer's explicit and implicit demand, and as a basis customer demand for green building design templates, such as shown in Table 1.Table 1 is a general demand for green product design and customer template, when faced with a product specific green design, this

36、 module can be adjusted to meet specific customer requirements.2.2 Extraction of customer environmental needsDemand for green design environment needs analysis information is the most important information, but by the general user needs access to information is often obtained by the more general, an

37、d environmental needs places vague, implied the existence of which, for example, a section for home washing machines, the customer made a 'simple operation, small size, light weight, safe sterilization, beautiful appearance, low noise and stable operation, low power consumption and water consump

38、tion' and other needs, environmental needs in the analysis of the customer, in addition to considering the dominant environmental needs, the need to pay attention to some regular customers from the extract hidden environmental needs. The following describes the production environment needs to ex

39、tract the process model, shown in Figure 1, the process model through the three steps to obtain more detailed and improve the environmental needs of the product, followed by three steps: requirements capture and decomposition, the environment needs to extract and environmental requirements of deep p

40、rocessing. the process shown in Figure 1.2.3 Importance of green products to determine customer needsCustomer demand for green products is important to determine the degree of green design, customer needs into product characteristics prior to the preparation of green products important degree of cus

41、tomer needs, by definition, it reflects the needs of the customer's environment requirements.Depending on the extent, determine the optimal design of green products and decision-making, customer demand for green products important to determine the degree of the corresponding green products green

42、 design and technology planning has an important significance. In order to facilitate this analysis, the only significant degree of product environmental requirements determination analysis.Important to determine the degree of customer needs, there are three more traditional methods: the Delphi meth

43、od, multi-objective evaluation methods, and customer survey method. The following are the three important degree the traditional method for determining customer needs and limitations of a brief introduction, as shown in Table 2 show.Because there are less than traditional methods, an important requi

44、rement in order to improve efficiency and to determine the degree of precision, some scholars demand for other important method for determining the degree of in-depth study and exploration. AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) referred to as the AHP, in the 20th century. operations research from the mid

45、-1970s, Thomas U.S. Ossetia (TLSaaty) formally proposed, it is a combination of qualitative and quantitative, systematic, hierarchical method of analysis, because of its complex decision-making in dealing with practical issues and effectiveness, and soon worldwide attention. AHP basic ideas and peop

46、le in a complex decision problem of thinking, judging process is largely the same. Compared to other methods, the advantages of AHP as follows: strong mathematical logic, reducing the subjectivity and uncertainty of the results, reflects the relative importance of elements, more suitable for custome

47、r needs in QFD important degree determined overcome difficult for policy makers and decision-making analysis of the phenomenon of mutual communication, to overcome the personal preferences of decision makers to improve decision-making effectiveness.The traditional AHP comparison matrix to determine

48、through the establishment of an important degree of customer requirements, therefore, to determine whether a matrix is ?scientific, reasonable direct impact on the assessment of the degree of customer requirements important, but in practical application, it is established to determine the pairwise c

49、omparison matrix often can not meet the compliance requirements. This is because the people of n pairwise comparison object of thinking is difficult to achieve consistency, and the use of 1 to 9 scale method is also very difficult to judge the consistency of for example If the matrix to meet complia

50、nce requirements, you should have:Links to free download 3 ApplicationsAs one of the four home appliances washing machine, a very high penetration at home and abroad. China's household electric washing machine industry is only starting from 1978 to 1983, annual production reached 3.65 million un

51、its, ahead of two years to complete and more than 3.5 million units of the specified target, to 1984, cumulative production reached 13.52 million units, household washing machines The 95.7% annual sales growth rate, become a popular commodity on the market one of this paper will detail the design of

52、 green washing machine access to and analysis of customer needs and treatment process, through the conversion of customer demand for washing machines environmental needs, and by fuzzy consistent matrix solution on the washing machine production environment an important degree of order processing req

53、uirements for the design of the late work as a reference.3.1 Requirements for washing and finishing productsProduct designers to build the first washing machine by customer demands of green design modules, each module with reference to customer demand subdivision of the way of customer surveys to ob

54、tain customer specific needs of household washing machines were simple, easy to take the place of clothing, non-toxic , safety, light weight, easy handling, intelligent control, affordable, long life, reliable, fully dried, wash full, safe sterilization, wrinkle-free ironing.3.2 Extraction of washin

55、g machine production environment needsSome regular customers among the hidden demand for products environmental factors, the need for these proposed regulatory requirements for environmental factors, and different regulatory requirements and environmental performance of products with varying degrees

56、 of contact, requires further analysis and judgments.After washing the product category the customer needs, can be expressed as follows:General requirements for the unit: pick and place clothes, simple operation, safe, non-toxic, easy handling, light weight, safe sterilization, affordable, intelligent control, reliable operation, long life, full washing, drying fully, wrinkle-free ironing hot.Environmental requirements for the unit: energy-efficient, less material consumption, water consumption is low, low noise, easy recovery, in line with relevant environmental regulatio