初三英语总复习资料

1、初三英语总复习资料八种动词时态，有的只要求达到懂得层次，有的就要求达到娴熟运用层次；至少其中五种时态包括过去进行时是要求达到娴熟运用层次的，而且其考查方式确定不会以某一时态的独立形式显现，而是时态的综合运用，特殊要重视各种时态之间的区分；找出它们之间的不同冠词的用法.现以冠词为例：1. john was given orange bag for his birthday but bag was lost just now. a.an,ab.a,thec.the,ad.an,the2. there's old tree near house.a.a,anb.an,thec.a,thed.

2、the,a 3.there is 800-metre-long road behind hospital.a.an,anb.a,ac.an,thed.a,the 4. good,kind girl she is. a.howb.what ac.whatd.how a5. bad weather.i hope it won't last long.a.howb.whatc.what ad.how a 6. they are listening to the teacher.a.how carefulb.what carefulc.how carefullyd.what carefully

3、由上例题我们可以发觉冠词和感叹句是必考内容；同样，象宾语从句的语序、代词的格、主谓语一样、动词和介词的搭配、近义词的比较以及习惯表达法和情态动词的使用等，无一不在考查之列；全部这一切语言基础学问，我都将通过对典型试题的解题分析，绽开争论，分层展现难易对比，系统归纳；对于语言基础学问是这样处理，那么对以才能测试为主要目的的中考其他试题形式又该怎么办呢？这里我们以一篇完形填空题为例：a poor farmer had never left his small village.after he1 a lot of money,he decided to spend a holiday in an e

4、xpensivehotel 旅社 in a bigtown.2lunch time came on his first day there,he went to eat in the restaurant餐馆 of the hotel3 his new clothes.the head waiter 服 务 员 4him to the table,took his order and went away.when he turned and 5the farmer again,he had a 6.the farmer had tied 系 his table cloth round his

5、7.the head waiter told another waiter to go to the farmer and 8 him that people 9 do such a thing in his restaurant.so the waiter went tothe farmer and said in a 10 voice 声音 ,"good morning,sir.would you like a haircut."1.a.lentb.madec.paidd.gave 2.a.duringb.thoughc.whend.because3.a.forb.wi

6、thc.ond.in4.a.wantedb.putc.showedd.brought5.a.looked atb.watchedc.sawd.found6.a.lookb.restc.table clothd.surprise 7.a.armb.neckc.handd.head8.a.askb.tellc.taughtd.told9.a.can'tb.don'tc.won'td.mustn't10.a.friendlyb.tiredc.sadd.ter要求考生从所给的选项中选出正确答案，使补足后的短文意思通顺，结构完整；对此，考生必需通篇考虑，不能拿来就做，那样

7、必定顾此失彼，前后意思不得连贯；目前的中考完型仍侧重于语法，这将在逐年试题的变革中转向按上下文的要求来推断懂得；在解这类题时，必需把握“词感现象”，留意学会区分“干扰项”；所谓词感， “ the sense of word" 是指一种对词或词群的感受才能；对词的感受力强，在解题时会较为简洁地找到它与情形的关系；词感并不仅仅指词与词之间的微小差异，也并不留意词的搭配与组合，它较多地强调选用恰当的词，以利于对情形作出合乎规律的判定；同时也就把其它三个作为干扰项的挑选项排除掉了；最终复读一篇全文，就会语感流畅，句意明确；这儿举例的目的是想说明，我从一个较高的立意来对中考题型，特殊是完形、阅

8、读等，进行分析、探讨，借以使同学们获得较为完整的解题思路和解题方法；词汇（一）这一讲里，主要帮忙同学们把握名词、冠词、数词的用法，特殊是针对同学不易把握的方面；一、名词关于名词，我们必需把握名词的数，名词的格；单数可用a、an 来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an，而不是a1.复数的构成方法：1一般在复数名词后加s，如： dog-dogs ；2以 s、x 、ch、sh 结尾的名词加es，如： watch-watches ；3以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词，变y 为 i 加 es，如： country-countries ；请区分：假如是元音字母加y 结尾的名词，就只须加s；如： mon

9、key-monkeys ；4以 o 结尾的名词，只有potato土豆 ， tomato西红柿 加 es 构成复数；5以 f 、fe 结尾的名词，变f 、fe 为 v 再加 es， 如： knife-knives ；2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep-sheep， fish-fishchinese-chinese，japanese-japanese3.特殊变化的单词有：1tooth-teeth ， foot-feeth(2) man-men ， woman-women ， policeman-policemen,frenchman-frenchmen请区分： german德国人 germans3

10、child children4.常以复数形式显现的名词：people人， clothes 衣服 ， trousers裤子 glasses眼镜 , 这些名词作主语时，同学们应特殊留意它们的谓语，用复数；如： my clothes are be newer than yours.15.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数； 这一点是同学不易把握的，应特殊加以记忆； 如：news消息 ，maths数学 ，physics物理 no news is good news.6.可用 how many ，many，a few，few ，a lot of ，lots of ，some，any 等来修饰可数名词复数

11、；how many are there in your pencil-box.knife不 可 数 名 词 ：1. 常 见 的 不可 数 名 词 有 ：water ，rice ，fish， meat ， 等 ；应 特 别 记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.2.不行数名词无复数，作主语常常看成单数；如：some bread over there.be3.常用 how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等来修饰不行数名词；4.常用 a pi

12、ece of,a cup of 等来表示不行数名词的量；如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread 仍为不行数名词，不加 s，而 piece 就可加 s；即： twopiecesof bread请区分：可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples例：1、these two pieces of bread over there.be2、could i have three ,please ？a. pieceofbreadb.pieceofbreadsc.pieces of breadd.piecesofbreads名词的格名词全部格的构成方法，在名词后加“

13、9;s”；如： tom tom's 译为“的”，如遇上以s 结尾的复数名词，就在 s 后加“'”即可；如： teachers'day , twoweeks'holiday ，而不以 s 结尾的复数名词的全部格，仍按惯例加's ；如： children's day关于名词全部格，应把握以下几点：1.可用名词全部格表示地点；如： my aunt's 我姑姑家；go to the doctor's 去医生家；2.表示两人共同拥有，在最终一个名词后加's如： lucy and lily's露西和莉莉的3.把握词组： a g

14、irl of five一个五岁的女孩a friend of mine我的一个伴侣eg;the white shirt is and blue one is .a 、kate,myb.kate's,minec.kate,mine d.kate's,my二、冠词冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简洁的部分，所以同学们有必要把握其基本用法，归纳起来，同学们应当把握以下几点：1.冠词指不定冠词a,an 和定冠词the2.不定冠词an 常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an hour,an english car. 请区分： a useful machine3.指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the4

15、.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如： the sun,the moon,the earth5.定冠词 the 用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前；如：the first,the best ,in the south6.在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数；如： the browns are going to shanghai for a holiday this summer.7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如： in the box ,behind the chair8.特殊留意不能用定冠词the 的几个方面：1在节日、星期、月份、季节、

16、年等词前不用冠词；如：in summer,in august请区分： in the spring of 1945. 这里表示特指，故加the2一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词；如： have breakfast ,play football 3一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school,by bus ,at night.9.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请留意区分：in front of在前面in the hospital在医院里in the front of在范畴内的前部in hospital 生病 住院练习 :there's 800-metre-long

17、 road behind hospital.a.an,anb.a, ac.an, thed.a, the三、数词同学们第一应会读会写全部基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法；对数词的考查，中考常采纳单项题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应把握以下几点特殊简洁出错的地方；1.基数词变序数词；其规律为： 1,2,3 特殊记，加th 从 4 起 first,second,third,fourth8 少 t， 9 去 e，千万别遗忘eighth,ninth逢 5 逢 12， ve 变 f fifth,twelfth20 到 90， y 要变 ie twentieth,ninetieth如是几十几，前

18、基后序别倒位ninety-first2. hundred,thousand,million在构成详细的数字时用单数形式；如： five hundred people.只有在表达笼统的多数时才加 s，构成复数形式；hundreds of 数以百计的，成百上千的thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的millions of数百万的这些词组前不能用详细数字；3.序数词常与定冠词the 连用；练习 : henry has learned eight french words this year.a. hundredb.hundredsc.hundred ofd.hundreds ofthe l

19、esson is the most difficult one in booktwo. twenty2另外，同学们仍应把握与数词有关的钟点表达法；顺读法 钟点分钟 如： 4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five4:15 four fifteen倒读法 分钟 to past钟点 如： 4:30 half past four 4:15 fifteen past four a quarter past four4:45 fifteen to five a quarter to five练习题:1. at the beginning of the twenty cen

20、tury,the world's population was about 1700 million. 2.are these watchyours. yes.3. you don't look well.you'd better go to the doctor at once.4. would you give me ,please.a. two papersb.two piece of paperc.two pieces of paperd.two pieces of papers 5.there are three and seven in the pictur

21、e.a.monkeys,sheepsb.monkeys,sheepc.monkies,sheepd.monkies,sheeps6.a lot of are talking with two .a.germans,frenchmansb.germen,frenchmansc.german, frenchmend.germans,frenchmen 7.june 1 is .a.the children's dayb.the childrens' dayc.children's day d.childrens' day8. people went out to s

22、ee what had happened. a.thousands of b.three thousand ofc.thousand of d.three thousands 9.we have been in the school for .a. three and a half monthb.three and a half monthsc.three month and a halfd.three months and half10. english is useful language.a.a, anb./, ac.the, and. a, / 11.john was given or

23、ange bag for his birthday but bag was lost just now.a.an,ab.a,thec.the,ad.an,the12. there's old tree near house.a.a,anb.an,thec.a,thed.the,a13. there is 800-metre-long road behind hospital.a.an,anb.a,ac.an,thed.a,the四. 代词人称代词 :主格 :单数 i 、you 、 he 、she 、 it复数we 、you 、they宾格 :单数 me 、you 、him 、her 、

24、it复数 us 、you 、them物主代词 : 形容词性my、 your 、his 、her 、 its 、our 、 your 、 their名词性mine 、yours 、 his 、hers 、its、ours 、yours 、theirs反身代词 :myself、yourself、himself、herself 、 itself、 ourselves 、yourselves 、themselves1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词；2.留意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数仍是复数；如： these

25、books aren't ours.ours are new. 这里 ours=our booksthis is not our room.ours is over there. 这里 ours=our room3."of+ 名词性物主代词"表示所属如： a sister of his他的一个妹妹a friend of mine我的一个伴侣4.人称代词在并列使用时的次序为：“其次人称，第三人称，第一人称”；如： you, she and i all enjoy the music.5.关于反身代词，同学们须把握其固定结构：enjoy oneself=have a g

26、ood time 过得很开心 by oneself=alone 单独、独自 help oneself to任凭吃 /喝 些.learn sth. by oneself=teach oneself sth. 自学 练习题1.-whose trousers are these.- , i think. a.theyb.theirc.theirsd.them2. nobody taught english.he taught . a.him, himselfb.his, himselfc.him, by himselfd.his, his（二）修饰可数名词many few表否定意义a few表确定意

27、义修饰不数名词much little表否定意义a little表确定意义few和 little与 quite或 only连用时， 常加不定冠词a.如:there are quite a few new books in the library.=用 little, a little, few, a few填空 :1.i often stay at home because i have friends here. 2.jim,don't go and get some water. there is water in the glass.3. though he learned fre

28、nch only weeks. he can speak very well.4. lily had bread because she was hungry yesterday.（三）不定代词: something, anything, nothing.3当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置；如： somethingnew there's in today's newspaper. 中考题a. important anythingb.important somethingc.anything importantd.something important四另外，仍要留意代词so

29、me, every, all, both, either, another1. some（一些，某）一般用于确定句中注： some有时也可用于表示恳求的疑问句中；any（任何）多用于疑问句和否定句 will you give me some water. would you like some meat. may i ask some questions. could i have some apples. 2.every 单数名词“每一个”强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数；each “每一个”强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of 连用；如: each student was aske

30、d to try again. each of them has a nice skirt.every child likes playing games.3. all“ 全部 都”表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前；none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of如：we are all from canada. = all of us are from canada.none of us is/are afraid of dogs. （单、复数均可）4. both“（两者）都”,作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数；either “两者中任

31、何一个”,作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数； neither“两者 都不” ,含有否定意义，用法同either ；如： they both swim well. both of them swim well. there are trees on both sides of the street. = there are trees on either side of the street. neither of us is going to beijing next week. neither answer is right.5. another + 单数名词 , “另一

32、个”onethe other “一个，另一个”the other +复数名词= the others “其他的人或物”（指确定范畴内剩下的全部）others “别人”五疑问代词5 个“ wh ”, 即 who, whose, whom, what, which这里， which 是同学们不易把握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which.例如 : i like the red shirt. do you like .练习 :一、依据所给单词的适当形式填空，使句意通顺，语法完整6 can you come withus.we7 these skirts arehers. y

33、ours are over there.she8 please take care ofyourselves, boys and girls.you9 i don't think this is my frisby, though it looks likemine.i 10 look atthosebooks. are they yours.that二、依据首字母填空11 is there anything interesting in the newspaper. 12 she asked us to help each other.13 the old man can neith

34、er read nor write. 14 nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 15 please help yourself to some fish, lucy.三、同义句转换16、a: the children played happily in the zoo yesterday.b: the childrenenjoyedthemselvesin the zoo yesterday.17、a: he doesn't like mutton, and she doesn't, either. b:nei

35、therhenorshe likes mutton.18、a: all the american people don't like sandwiches.b:notallthe american people like sandwiches.19、a: they don't often hear the twins sing the song in the school.b:neitherof the twinsisoften heardtosing the song in the school.zk四、单项挑选c20 、 -can you speak chinese, pe

36、ter.-yes, but only.a. little b. few c. a little d. a few4a21 、 -do you like jane's new skirt.-yes, very much. i'll ask mum to buyfor me.a. one b. it c. the other d. ab22 、 the color of her skirt is different fromof mine.a. one b. that c. it d. thisb23 、 students are usually interested in spo

37、rts. some like running, some like swimming.like ball games.a. the others b. others c. the other d. othera24 、 -i'll give the boysto eat.-oh, i know, fish and chips.a. something english b. english somethingc. anything english d. english anythingd25 、 -shall i help you with the heavy box.-no, than

38、ks, i can do it.a. me b. my c. mine d. myselfd26 、 -what time shall we meet this afternoon,3:00 or 4:00.-i don't mind.time is ok.a. neither b. each c. any d. eitherc27 、 -my bag is full, what about.-is full, too.a. you, yours b. his, he c. yours, mine d. hers, shed28 、 -i've had enough bread

39、, would you like.-no, thanks.a. a few more b. one more c. another more d. some more a29 、 there are many trees onsides of the river.a. both b. either c. neither d. each a1 、he has two bikes, one is new,is old.a. the other b. other c. the others d. others c2 、without the sun,could grow in the world.a

40、. anything b. something c. nothing d. everything b3 、of them is going to play basketball with you this afternoon.a. all b. neither c. some d. both b4 、-can you tell me what a panda looks like.-look. this is a picture of.a. it b. one c. two d. some b5 、there are not many pears here, but you can takei

41、f you want to.a. fewb. a fewc. a littled. little二、形容词副词大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：原级：比较级：比较 .，更 .一些最高级：最.（ a ） 1.构成： 规章情形 情形变 化 方 法 例 词单音节词和少数双音节词: 一般情形加 er, est clever-cleverer-cleverest以字母 e 结尾加 r, st nice-nicer-nicest重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加 er, estbig-bigger-biggest以辅音字母加y 结尾变 y 为 i 加 er, est early-earlier-ea

42、rliest部分双音节和多音节词在词前加 more, mostslowly-more slowly-most slowly 2.不规章变化，须熟记：good/well-better-bestmany/much-more-mostfar-farther-farthestbad/badly/ill-worse-worstlittle-less-leastb 常见的使用情形1. asas和 .一样（中间用原级） 2.not assoas 和.不一样（中间用原级）3than. .比.（用比较级） 4.有范畴修饰的用最高级如:in, of, among 或用从句修饰的eg. winter is the

43、coldest season of the year. this is the best film that i have ever seen .5. 比较级 +and+ 比较级意为“越来越.eg: wetterand wetter more and more beautiful56. the+ 比较级， the+比较级越.就越.eg:the more, the better. 越多越好(c) 留意点： 1.形容词最高级前肯定要用the,副词最高级前可省略；2.可用 much, a little, even, still等修饰比较级；3.在比较级中为了防止重复，在than 后常用 one,th

44、at,those 等词来替代前面提到过的名词；eg:the weather here is warmer than that of shanghai.(d) 把握三种同义句转换：1.he is taller than any other student in his class. =he is the tallest studentin his class. 2.this film is less interesting than that one. =this film isn't as interesting as that one.=that film is more inter

45、esting than this one.3.i prefer maths to english. =i like maths better than english.which do you like , fish, meat eggs.a.best, or b.better,or c.best, and d.better,and此外，关于形容词、副词的内容同学们仍须把握：1.形容词修饰名词作定语，跟在连系动词之后作表语；2.副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词enough 属例外词：形 / 副+enough to do enough+ 名词例如 ;she is old enough to go

46、to school.她够上学的年龄了；3.区分几组易混淆的副词: 也 too 用于确定、疑问句also 较为正式书面语either 用于否定句已经already常用于确定句、疑问句yet 常用于否定句、疑问句不再no not any longer从时间上讲no not any more从动作上讲如此这样such 修饰名词eg: such a big boxso 修饰形容词、副词eg: so big单独、独自alone 作表语=by oneself孤独的lonely可作表语、定语eg:a group of girls are singing and dancing over there. hap

47、py练习题1. the students are having a good time in the park.some are drawing by the lake. _ are climbing the hill. a.othersb. otherc. anotherd.the other2. there isn't in today's newspaper.a. important somethingb. important anythingc. anything importantd. nothing important 3.-whose watch is this,

48、 mary. is it your sister's.-no,mum. it's not . it's . a.hers, myb. her, myc. mine, hersd.hers, mine4.the changjiang river is the third river in the world. a.longb.longerc.longestd.the longest5. an elephant is than a horse.a. more strongb. much strongerc. the most strongd. much more stron

49、g6. which do you like , tea, orange or water.a.goodb.wellc. betterd. best一、 介词1与形容词搭配的词组有：be afraid of（怕）be angry with（生某人的气）be away from（不在某地）be different from（与不同）be good at （善于）be good/ bad for 对有益 /有害 be interested in（对感爱好）be late for（迟到）be/get ready for （为作好预备）be sure of 对有把握 be worried about（为

50、感到担忧） 2介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing 形式1) you must take good care of her.2thank you for teaching us so well. 3几组易混淆的介词a “在 .之后”in +一段时间（用于一般将来时）after +一段时间（用于一般过去时）after +一点时间（常用于一般将来时）如： the baby stopped crying after half an hour.the baby will stop crying in half an hour.they will visit their teacher after fr

51、iday.b for + 一段时间since +过去的一点时间这两者均用于现在完成时，详细在时态部分，我会连续向同学们讲解；c be made of "用制成 "be made in “由某地制造”be made by somebody “由某人制成”d in, on, at 表 时间in “在某月 季节、年 等”eg:in 1996, in january, in summer固定词组： in the morning, in a week,in a minute,in time, in the end on " 用于指详细的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等&

52、quot;eg:on christmas day, on the night of february 16 at “用于详细时刻前和某些固定词组中”固 定 词 组 ： at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at thebeginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time留意：在表时间里， 以下情形下一般不用介词；词组里有： next, last,this, t

53、hat, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all以及 the day before yesterday 和 the day after tomorrow前不用介词； 如:不能说in tomorrow , 只能说tomorrow在明天6e. except +宾格 /doing something " 除之外”（不包括本身）everyone is at school today except lin tao. 同义句转换 =only lin tao isn't at school today.f “用”通过交通工具by plane用语言in en

54、glish通过媒介on /over the telephone,on /over the radio,on tv用工具手段with a pen, with one's hands g between “在 和（两者）之间”between.and.,between the two. among在.之间 三者或三者以上eg.sue spent over two hours her homework yesterday evening.a.onb.withc.atd.over二、 连词1并列连词bothand 既又谓语用复数动词neithernor 既不 也不 含否定意义， （就近原就）谓语动词由靠近它的那个主语来打算单复数；eitheror“或者或者”“不是就是”and“和”连接两个并列成分,连接谓语时 ,两个动词时态应一样； but “但是”表转折，不能与though 同时显现在句中；or “或者” 在否定句中， 并列句中的列举常用or，而不用and；eg: i have brothers and sisters.否i don't have brothers or sisters.= i have no brothers and no siste