初中宾语从句详细讲解与练习

1、宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句；它是众多从句中的一员，在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语；在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：i know the man.而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：主句引导词从句宾语从句三大块 : 1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词挑选；2. 宾语从句的语序；3. 宾语从句的时态； .宾语从句的引导词1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that 引导， that 无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略；如：my teacher said i was a good boy老.师说我是个好男孩；she doesn t know that she

2、is seriously ill.i am sure that he will succeed.用以下开头与以下句子连成宾语从句:1. i know2. she says3. tell your friend（ that） 1.this is a book.2. you like singing.3. he workedlast night. 4.they will go home.5.jim has been to beijing. 6.she sings well.2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if 或 whether 引导，意为 “是否”；如：(1) is jim a good s

3、tudent.i don t knowidon t know if /whethrejim is a good student.(2) does kate get up early. do you know. do you know if /whether kate gets up early.用以下开头与以下句子连成宾语从句:1.do you know12.i want to know 3.the teacher asks if/whether1. is he reading .2. do you get up at six. 3.doestom work hard. 4.did youwa

4、tchtv . 5.will they read books .6.canyou sing.留意：只能用whether 不用 if的三种情形.一般情形下， if和 whether 可以互换，但以下3 种情形只能用 whether：.与 or not 连用：he asked me whether or not i was coming.let me know whether you can come or not.在介词之后：it depends on whether it is going to rain.i worry about whether i hurt her feelings.在不

5、定式之前：we haven t decided whether to go there.i don t know whether to accept or refuse.3.假如宾语从句原先是特别疑问句，只需用原先的疑问词引导；如： 1.what is she doing.can you tell me.can you tell me what she is doing. 2.where does she live. do you know. do you know where she lives.用以下开头与以下句子连成宾语从句:1.do you know2.i want to know3.

6、 can you tell me1. what is this .2. what are you doing .3. wheredo you live .4. whendoes heget up .25. howdidyou go towork.6. who will you play with. .宾语从句的语序必需是陈述语序句式连词语序例句陈述句that不变i think that we can be good friends.一般疑问句if/whether改为陈述语序i can t remember if i posted the letter.特别疑问句特别疑问词改为陈述语序he as

7、ked who was our english teacher.注 意 事 项 : 一当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who 作主语时，语序不变： whats wrong.what s the matter.whats happening.eg:i don t know whats the matter. can you tell me who is over there. .宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应1. 假如主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态依据详细情形来确定，可以是i don t think thayto u are right.please tell us where w

8、e ll go fishing tomorrow. do you know when mr. smith moved here. 时态；2. 假如主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的行时，过去将来时，过去完成时） ；例如： he told me that he was born in beijing in 1992. he said that he would go back to the u.s. soon.特别情形 ： 时态（一般过去时，过去进1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时；dad told us that it is better to do t

9、han to say.he told the boy that three and three is six. could you tell me where the bookshop is.2.从句中有详细时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍旧用一般过去时；3the teacher told me she was born in 1960.即学即练 子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句；1) these flowers are from guangdong. he said.he said these flowers from guangdong.2) light travels faste

10、r than sound. my teacher told me.my teacher told me light faster than sound.3) there will be a meeting in five days. jack didn t know. jack didn t know there a meeting in five days.4) can they speak french. i want to know. i want to know french.5) are the children playing games. tell me.tell me the

11、children games.6) have you finished your homework yet. mr. zhao asked ma chaomr. zhao asked ma chao homework yet.7) how many people can you see in the picture. who knows.who knows in the picture.8) where did she park her car. do you know.do you know her car.9) what does he often talk about. the girl

12、 wondered.the girl wondered often about.10) who knocked at the door so loudly. i don t know. i don t know at the door so loudly.11) does he still live in that street. i don't know.i don't know he still in that street.12) what's his name. i asked him.i asked him what .13) when does the tr

13、ain arrive. please tell me.please tell me .14) do they want fried chicken. he asked the boys. he asked the boys they fried chicken.15）was the watch made in shanghai. i don't know.i don't know 单项挑选the watch made in shanghai.1）i hope it will snow this winter.a.whenb.ifc.whetherd./4答案： dhope 后面

14、应当接 that 引导的宾语从句， that 在句中没有任何意义，可以省略；2 i don t know mr.green will come to see us. he will help us with our english.a.whyb.whenc.howd.where答案： a从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应当是“来看我们的缘由 ”；3i can t remember i have seen him before. a.whetherb.whyc.whatd.how 答案： a本句表达一种不确定的概念，用whether 或 if ； 4 do you know ？ i m going

15、to see him. sorry，i don t know.a.where does mr.li liveb.where did mr.li live c.where mr.li livesd.where mr.li lived答案： c宾语从句要用陈述语气，排除a 、b 两项；从句意判定问的是“现在住哪儿？ ”；5 where do you think he the compute？r sorry，i have no idea.a. ； boughtb.has；bought c.did； buyd.does； buy答案： ado you think 是插入语，可以把它去掉，分析句意应当用

16、应用过去时态和陈述语序； 6i can t understand he likes computer games so much.a.thatb.whetherc.whyd.where答案： c句意为 “我不懂得为什么他那么喜爱电脑嬉戏”；72021 北京中考大纲卷 do you know the mp3 player last week. sorry，i have no idea.a.how much did she pay forb.how much will she pay for c.how much she paid ford.how much she will pay for答案：

17、 c宾语从句要用陈述语序，由此排除a 、b 两项，由 last week 判定应当用过去时态；82021 北京中考大纲卷 i don t know tomorrow.can you tell me. a.when we startedb.when did we startc.when we will startd.when will we start答案： c由 tomorrow 判定，应当用将来时态表示；5经典例题例 1in the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper was an interesting book.a.thatb.howc.wha

18、td.ifwho moved mycheese思路解析： 留意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字谁动了我的奶酪，本句含义是 “一个读者问书店治理员这本书是不是好玩”；所以答案是 d 项；答案： d黑色陷阱： 此题的主要陷阱是书名who moved mycheese，它本身含有一个who,简单给人造成误会；绿色通道： 在英语中，留意书名一般都是斜体的，且书名的首字母是大写的，留意把它看成一个独立的完整的东西；例 2i was told bill gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.a.that howb.how thatc.when t

19、hatd.that when思路解析：留意后面从句的含义是 “比尔·盖茨十三岁的时候开头玩电脑”，应当用 when 表示“当时”，本句中的 that 是宾语从句的引导词；所以选d 项；答案： d黑色陷阱： 本句结构复杂，主要陷阱设置在when 上，它在本句中起到引导后面的时间状语的作用；绿色通道： 做此类题，要渐渐理顺思路，不要钻牛角尖，当一种含义说不通时，从另一个角度或另一个含义考虑；例 32021 江苏苏州中考 i wonder . zebras.a.what do they call these animals b.how they call these animals c.what they call these animals d.how do they call the