初中现在完成时讲解练习

1、i. 定义：现在完成时精讲和专练表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可以表示过去已经开头，始终连续到现在的动作或状态ii. 现在完成时的结构确定句： have/has+ done 过去分词 否定句：主语 +have/has+not+ done 过去分词 +其他.一般疑问句： have/has+主语+ done 过去分词 +其他.简略答语 :yes, 主语 + have/has.确定no, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.否定留意：表示短临时间动作的词，如:come， go，die，marry， buy 等的完成时不能与 for，since 等表示一段时

2、间的词连用；用来连续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如 live ， study，be，wait 等，常和 since（自从）或 for （经受）引导的词语连用；如： i have lived here for more than thirty years我.已在此住了 30 多年；iii. 现在完成时的标志1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响, 现在完成时通常和， ever, never, twice （ once） , so far（到目前为止） , since， for， in thepast/last few yea（rs 在过去几年） , already（ 确定句

3、） , ye（t刚, before （以前） , recently（近来）等词连用否定，疑问句）, just 刚说明： already 与 yet 都有“已经”的意思，但 already 常用于确定句，并用于句中； yet 常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末；例如：i have already finished my homework.i haven t finished my homework yet. have you finished your homework yet. they have left. 他们已经离开了 ,也就是说现在他们人不在这里i have had my lunch.

4、我已经吃过午饭了 ,也就是说我现在不饿 i can t find my watch now. i think i have already lost it.2.过去已经开头的动作始终连续到现在, 甚至有可能连续连续下去,我们可以从动作“连续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手；for+时段since+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志留意： 1现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago等;2不能与 when 连用iv. 现在完成时的用法1a 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）；

5、例如：the car has arrived.车子来了；（结果：车子已在门口）someone has broken the window有.人把窗户打破了；（结果：窗户仍破着）b. 表示过去已经开头，连续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻连续到现在（包括 “现在 ”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如 for+ 时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long 等；例如：my uncle has worked at this factory for five years.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了；mr. black has lived in china since 2002.

6、自从 2002 年 mr. black始终住在中国；how long have you been here.你来这里多久了？留意：此种用法中表示连续动作或状态的动词必需是连续性动词（否定句除外） ；例如：1这本书我已经买了三个月了；错误： i have bought the book for three months.正确： i have had the book for three months.2你哥哥参军多长时间了？错误： how long has your brother joined the army.正确： how long has your brother been in the

7、 army/been a soldier.连续性动词与非连续性动词之间的转换leave - be away borrow - keep buy - havedie - be dead begin/start - be on finish - be over fall ill -be illget up-be upcatch a cold - have a coldput on wear come/become/go - be here fall asleep - be asleepget to/ arrive/reach - be in get to know - knowjoin-be a

8、member of .成为的一员open -be open close -be closed用相应的连续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时， 时间状语为 “for或“since 时间点 ”；如：he has been in the green china for three years.he has been a member of the green china for three years.他加入 “绿色中国 ”已经三年了；the old man died 4 years ago.- the old man has been dead for 4 years. he join

9、ed the party 2 years ago.- he has been in the party for 2 years.i bought the book 5 days ago.-i have had the book for 5 days.时间段 ”表示时间段的短语有 :for+一段时间 for 2 years, since+从句since he came here, since时+ days ago,how long; for a long time等；间点名词 since last year, since 52v. 现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区分1 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的

10、动作或单纯表达过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；i saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday ； ）i have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了；）2 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：ago, last week/.in 2021, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday .then那时,that day, one day, once从 前现在完成经常和recently

11、（近来），ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止） , since，for ，in thepast/last few years , already （确定句） , yet （否定，疑问句）, just 刚刚 , before （以前）连用；现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用；现在完成时可表示连续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是连续性的， 如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know.vi. 比较 since 和 forsince 后接时间点，for 后接时间段，试比较： i have lived here for more than

12、 twenty years. i have lived here since i was born.my aunt has worked in a company since 1949. i have not heard from my uncle for a long time.vii. 比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been inhavehas been to.表. 示“曾去过某地， 已经从那里回来了 ”，可以和 ever、never、twice 等连用；havehas gone to表示“已经去了某地， 在去那里的途中或到达那里仍

13、没有回来”；havehas been in表示“在某地呆多长时间 ”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等he went to shanghai last week上周他去了上海he has been to shanghai.他曾经到/去过上海 .但他人现在确定不是在上海而是回来了he has gone to shanghai.他已经去上海了 .或许刚动身动身 ,或许已经到了 ,或许仍在路上 ,反正他人不在这里 mr. brown has been in shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了3i. 连续性动词和瞬时性

14、动词之间的转化语法练习1. he died 10 years ago. he for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. he borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. he the book for 2 weeks.3. he bought the motorbike a month ago. he the motorbike for a month.4. he arrived here three days ago. he here since three days ago.5. they turned off the light 2 ho

15、urs ago. the light for 2 hours.6. he left here 2 years ago. he from here for 2 years.7. the film began 30 minutes ago. the film for 30 minutes.8. they opened the door an hour ago. the door for an hour.9. they closed the door an hour ago. the door for an hour.10. he joined the army last year. he a fo

16、r a year. he the army for a year.it a year he joined the army.ii. 单项挑选； 1. the famous writer one new book in the past two year . . is writing.was writing .wrote .has written 2. have you met mr. li ？ . just. ago .before .a moment ago 3. how long have you. been here . goneabout two months . . come . a

17、rrived 4. our country a lot so far . yes. i hope it will be even . . has changed ; well. changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed; better 5. you your homework yet .yes. i it a moment ago. .did; do; finished .have; done; finished .have; done; have finished . will; do; finish 6. we xiao li sinc

18、e she was a little girl . know. had known . have known . knew 7. harry potter is a very nice film. i twice. will see. have seen . saw .see 8. thesefarmershavebeentotheunitedstates . really. when there . . will they go.did they go . do they go . have they gone 9. zhou lang already in this school for

19、two years . . was ; studying. will ; study . has ; studied . are; studying 10.his father the party since 1998 .joined. has joined . was in . has been in 11. do you know him well . sure .we friends since ten years ago .were. have been . have become . have made 12.he has been to shanghai,has he . . al

20、ready.never .ever . still 13.hurryup. the play for ten minutes . has begun. had begun . has been on . began4 14.it ten years since he left the army . . is. has . will . was 15.miss green isn't in the office. she to the library. .has gone. went.will go. has been 16.my parents shandong for ten yea

21、rs. have been in. have been to . have gone to . have been 17.the students have cleaned the classroom, .a. so theyb. don t theyc. have theyd. haven t they 18.has mr. white been a member of greener china since heto china.a. how soon, comesb. how often, gotc. how long, camed. how far, arrived 19.his un

22、clefor more than 9 years.a. has come hereb. has started to workc. has lived thered. has left the university二、句型转换；1、he has never surfed, （. 改成附加疑问句） 2、they have been here since 2001.提 问 have they been here.3、the old man last year. he for a year. die（动词填空）4、this factory opened twenty years ago.同 义句转换

23、 this factory for twenty years.5、miss green left an hour ago. 同义句转换 miss greenan hour ago.6、her mother has been a party member for three year（s .同义句） her mother the party three years .三、汉译英；1、他昨天收到一封信； 2、我父亲以前到过长城； 4、她去过上海； 5、他这些天上哪儿去了？ 现在完成时练习：一、单项挑选； 10、 you yourhomeworkyet .yes . i itamomentago .

24、a.did ; do ; finishedb.have ; done ; finished c.have ; done ; havefinishedd.will ; do ; finish11、 hisfather thepartysince1978 .a.joinedb.has joinedc.was ind.hasbeenin 12、do you know him well .sure .we friends since ten years ago .a.wereb. have beenc. have becomed. have made 21.when he arrived at the

25、 bus stop, the bus for 20 minutes.a. has leftb. had leftc. has been awayd. had been away22. i the league for 5 years so far.a. joinedb. have joinedc. have been in 23.the factory since the february of 1988.a . has been open b. has openedc. was opend. opened24.mary and rose friends since they met in 2

26、000.5a. have madeb. have beenc. maded. have become 26.the meeting for a week now.a. has finishedb. has endedc. has been over27. miss gao this school for nearly 5 years.a. has been inb. has come toc. has taught30. how long he .a. diedb. has, diedc. has, been dead31. he at eight yesterday afternoon.a.

27、 sleptb. was sleepingc. has sleepd. had slept 32.he the car for a week.a. boughtb. has boughtc. has had33.-how long you ill . -two weeks.a. did fallb. have, fellc. have, been35. i'll lend you the book , but you can only it for 2 days.a. borrowb. keepc. take40.- how long can i the book.- two week

28、s.a. borrowb. lendc. getd. keep二、 句型转换；1、he has never surfed, （.改成反意疑问句）4、this factory opened twenty years ago.同 义句转换 this factory for twenty years.6、her mother has been a party member for three year（s .同义句） her mother the party three years .7、the green family moved to france two years ago.同 义句转换 tw

29、o years the green family moved to france.一、用过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “ you have lunch .” “ yes. ”“when you have it. “i” have it at 12:00.”2. “ you write a letter to your ayuentt. ”“yes, i . i write one last week.”3. “ he finish his homework.” “ not yet.”4. “ they ever be abroad.” “ yes, just once.”5. your fat

30、her just finish his work.6. your father finish his work just now.7. last term i learn many english words.8. they not read the interesting books yet.9. he never go to the science museum.10. you ever drink coke.11. have you buy a dictionary.“ “ yes, i .” “where you buy it.” “ i buy it in a bookstore.” “when you buy it.” “ yesterday.”二、用 since 和 for 填空1.twoyears2.twoyears ago3. lastmonth4. 19995. yesterday6. 4 o clock 7. 4 hours9. we were children 11. she left here12. he has lived in nanjing the