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1、中学英语情态动词具体用法归纳(含练习及答案)情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必需跟动词原形;考点一: can , may , must等情态动词在陈述句中的用法:1. can的用法:( 1).表示才能、许可、可能性;表示才能时一般译为“能、会 ”, 即有种才能,特别是生来具备的才能 .如: she can swim fast, but i can她能t . 游得很快,但我不能;i can see with my eyes.我用眼睛看; could 是 can 的过去式;表示过去的才能;be able to do

2、 sth. 经常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事;is/am/are able to do sthwas/were able to do sth.( 2) .表示许可,常在口语中;如:you can use my dictionary.你可以用我的字典;( 3).表示估计, 可能性, 意为 “可能 ”, 常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时 cant译为 “ 不行能 ”; 如: can the news be true. 这个消息会是真的吗?can it be our teacher.那个人有可能是我们老师吗? no, it can t be our teacher. he is on a

3、 visit to the great w不a可ll.能;咱们老师正在游玩长城呢;【例题】 i think miss gao must be in the library. she said she would go there. no. she be there, i have just been there.a.can tb.mustn tc.needn td.wouldn t【解析】依据下文“我刚去过那儿 ”可知,应为 “ 不行能 ”, cant表示估计 答案 acould 的用法:( 1).can 的过去式, 意为 “ 能、 会”,表示过去的才能; 如:he could write p

4、oems when he was 10.他十岁时就会写诗;( 2) . could 在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思;如:could you give me ahand. 你能帮我个忙吗?could i use your pen.我能用一下你的钢笔吗. yes, you can. 可以;(用could 问,不能用could 答;)2. may 的用法:( 1).表示恳求、 许可, 比 can 正式, 如:may i borrow your bike.我可以借你的自行车吗?you may go home now. 现在你可以回家了;【例题】 i borrow your

5、mp3.sure . here you are.a. may b.should c.must d. would【解析】在此处表示恳求,意为“ 做可以吗 ”;答案: a(2) . 表示估计,谈论可能性,意为“ 可能, 或许 ”,一般用于确定句中;如: it may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨;she may be at home. 她可能在家呢 .may not 翻译为“可能不”(3) .may 的过去式为might,表示估计时;可能性低于may; 如: he is away from school. he might be sick.他离开学校了,可能是他生病了;(4) .

6、表示期望、祈求、希望,常可译为“希望”;通常是用may +主+v例如: may you have a goodtime.祝你过得开心;may you be happy.祝你幸福!may you succeed !祝你胜利!3. must 的用法:1.must表示主观看法,意为“必需、肯定 ”; 如: you must stay here until i come back. 在我回来之前你必需呆在这儿;must i finish my homework right now.我必需现在交作业吗?must 引导的疑问句确定回答: yes ,you must.否定回答: no, you neednt

7、/ dont have to(2) 其否定形式mustn 表t示 “ 肯定不要” 千“万别 ” 禁“止 , 不许 ” .如:you mustn t play with fire. 你不许玩火; you mustnt be late.你肯定不要迟到;(3) must 表示有把握的估计,用于确定句 ,指百分百确定; 如: the light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着,他现在确定在家;1( 4 ) must 和 have to 都有”必需”的含义,但侧重点不同:must 强调说话者主观自己)的看法;have to 强调客观(外力作用)的需要,也可以翻译

8、为“不得不”;i must go to school and learn some knowledge. 我必需会学校上课学一些学问;(自己要回)i have to go to school because the holiday is over. 假期终止了我不得不回学校上课了; must 没有人称和数的变化,而have to 有动词单三形式:has to和 动词过去式:had to将来时: will have tomust not=mustn t 表示禁止.当 must 提问时,确定回答用must;否定回答用needn t 和 don t have to4. need 的用法:( 1).n

9、eed 做情态动词 时: 表示“需要、 必需”,主要用于 否定句 和疑问句 中,其否定形式为needn,t意为 “没有必要,不必”;用 need 提问时,确定回答为must,否定回答为needn或t dont have t;o如: need i do myhomework now. yes, you must .是的; no. you needn t /don t h不av,e to你. 2.need 仍可以作 实义动词 ,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,假如主语是人sb.:不必;sb. needssth.某人需要某物sb. need to do sth. 某人需要去做某事need 的单三 nee

10、ds. 过去式 needed; 变否定借助dont/doesnt/didn t如: i need to pass the exam. 我需要通过这次考试;he needs to learn english . 他需要学习英语;假如主语是物sth.:sth. need doing 某事需要被做= need to be done这种情形下应留意两点: .主动形式的动名词doing 具有被动的含义;.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变;例如:. your car needs washing. = your car needs to be washed. 你的车需要洗了;5. sh

11、all的用法: shall 表示征求对方看法 (多用于第一、 三人称),如:shall we go out for a walk.我们出去漫步好吗?在英语中,我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方看法;shall 意为 ”要不要. “好吗?”用于第一人称,表将来,而will 可用于任何人称; 1. 用“ let's do. ”来提出建议;如:let's go for a walk after supper. 2. 用“ what/how about. ”来提出建议; about 后接名词或动词ing 形式; 如:what about/how abouta drink.

12、what about/how about taking tom with us. 3. 用“ why not.”来提出建议,表示“何不”not 面后接动词原形; “ why not.”实际上是 “ why don't you/we. ”的简略形式;如:why not meet at the school gate at eight. why don't we stayhere another day. 4. 用“ would you like. ”来提出建议,意思是“你想要吗.”would you like后可接名词或不定式;如: would you like a cup of

13、 tea.would you like to go and see her.因此,假如我们说:“去游泳好吗 .”英语中可有这样几种表达法: shall we go for a swim. let's go for a swim, shall we. what about/how about going swimming. why not go for a swim. would you like to go for a swim. what do you think of going for a swim.6. should 的用法:( 1).should 意为 “应当 ” ,可表示劝

14、说、 建议、 义务、 责任等;如: we should protect ourselves.我们应当我们自己;2should not=shouldn t+do 动词原形had better的用法: had better 意为 “最好 ”,没有人称的变化,后接+动词原形,其否定形式为:had better not ;如:we had better go home now. 我们最好现在回家; you had better not go home now. 你最好现在不要回家;should 和 had better 可以互换should not=shouldn t 和 had better not

15、 可以互换7. will的用法:wil l 表示意愿、意志、准备,可用于多种人称;如:i will help you if i m free this 今aft天er下noon.午假如我有空,我就会帮你;是一般将来时的“标志词”,will+ do动词原形留意:1、will 在 there be 句型中的形式及其句式变换;由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“will+ 动词原形”来表示,所以there be 句型的一般将来时的形 式就是 there will be ;( 肯定不能说there will have )例如: there are many students in our school.

16、there will be many students in our school.there will be a sports meeting next week.肯定不能说:there will have a sports meeting next week.2、will与 be going to do sth 区分: . be going to表示准备,方案,支配要去做的事情或有预兆即将发生某事,will表示的将来时间就较远一些,如:he is going to beijing on national day.he will write a book some day. . be goi

17、ng to表示依据主观判定将来确定发生的事情,will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情;如: i am going to be a teacher.he will pass the exam because of hard work. .在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用be going to,而多用 will,如:i will go to school if i feel better.考点二:含有情态动词的疑问句的回答:1.对 may 引出的问句,可以有以下回答方式:yes,you may.yes, of course.yes, certainly.sure . no, you mustn t.

18、no, you can t.2.对 must 引出的疑问句,回答方式为:yes,must. no,needn t/ don t have to. 3.could 在疑问句中, 表示委婉的语气,此时 could没有过去式的意思;如:could you do me a favour.你能帮我个忙吗?could i use your pen. yes, you can.可以;(回答不用could)4. shall 引出的疑问句用于第一人称,表示征求对方看法或客气的恳求;其回答方式有以下几种:yes, please.all right.no, thank you.5. would you的回答方式有以

19、下几种:yes, i will. no, i won ok/ with pleasure.certainly. no, thank you .yes, please.sure .t.i m sorry , i canall right/ t.【例题】 would you give me a hand and pass my thanks to lily. .a.that s right b.with pleasurec.it doesnt matterd.no trouble【解析】 a. 意为 “对了 ” , b.意为 “ 愿意效劳 ”, c.意为 “ 没关系 ” d. 意为 “不费事 ”;

20、答案: b 6.will you.提问回答方式,可以使yes,./no也可以; i d be glad to.考点三 :不怜悯态动词的否定意义也不同:1.( 1) .can 可t译为 “不会 ”, 如: i can t play basbkaeltl.我不会打篮球;( 2)当句子表估计时,用 cant表达 ”不行能 ”, 如:he cant be ill. he is playing chess with tom. 他不行能病了,他正和tom 下棋呢;( 3)cant仍可用来回答“ may i. 这”样 的问句;如:may i come in .我可以进来吗?no, youmustn t. /

21、 can 不,你t.不能;( 4)cant仍可用于固定习语中;cant help doing禁不住,情不自禁canwt ait to do sth迫不及待如: she cant help crying.她不禁大哭起来;the children can t wait to open the box.孩子们迫3不及待地想打开盒子;2. may 的否定式为may not ,译成 “ 可能不 ”,如: he may not be at home. 他或许不在家;3.(1)mustn 表t示不许, 不行;如:he mustn t leave his room他.不许离开他的房间;you mustn t

22、talkin class. 你们不行以在课上说话;2 mustn 也t 可用于以may 表示要求时的否定回答中;如: may i stand here.我可以站在这里吗? no, you mustn t can不t,. 不行;4. needn 意t为 “ 不必 ”;如: you needn t meet him unless you你不d 需lik要e t见o.他,除非你情愿;5. shouldn表示t不应当;如:you shouldn t feel so unhappy over such elitttlhings. 对于这种小事,你不应当感到这么不兴奋;考点四 : 情态动词表示估计的用法:

23、一、“情态动词 +动词原形”表示对现在的估计;1、must 表示确定的估计100%的确定,一般用于确定句中;如: he must be at home because the light is still on.2、should 表示估计的可能性比较大,must 的可能性小一点;如: it is already 10 oclock now they should be there.3、can 表示估计时一般用于否定句或疑问句;如: who is knocking at the door.can it be the postman. could 表示估计时,语气can 比要弱,说话者留有余地 c

24、ould it be an animal. it could not be, because it is not moving.4、may 表示估计 ,用于确定句; might 也可以表估计只是表示其可能性较小于may;如: the man may be your new teacher. where is mr li.he might be working in his office.【情态动词易混点归纳】易混点一 : can 和 be able to :两者表示才能时用法相同,但can 只有原形“ can”和过去式“could”两种形式,在其他时态中要用 be able to 来表示;另外

25、be able to 经常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事;如:jim can t speak engli吉sh姆. 不会说英语; he could speak english at 5.他五岁时就会说英语; well beable to see him next week. 下星期我们将会见到他;he has been able to drive. 他已经会开车了; i m sure you ll be able to finish it quickly.我信任你能快速地完成;we were able to reach the top of the mountainat noon

26、.我们能在中午到达山顶;易混点二 :can 和 may1. can 和 may 均可用来征求看法或许可,意为“可以”, 一般可互换使用; 如:can/ may i help you .我能帮忙你吗?2. can 和 may 表示估计 /可能性时的区分: can 不愿 ,may不问;妈 妈 ( must) 肯 定 不 否 问 ;1在确定句中用might, may, must,不用 can如: she may be in the classroom . 她可能在2 在否定句中用can (t不行能), 不用may, must ;3在疑问句中表示估计用can,不用might, may, must教室里

27、; where can they be now.他们现在可能在哪儿?that can t be true 那.易混点三 : may be和 maybe用法区分常用位置may bemay 为情态动词,be 为动词原形句中,作谓语maybe副词,大致、或许,相当于perhaps句首,作状语不行能是真的;4例如: he may be wrong , but i m not sure. 或许他错了,但我也不确定;易混点四: can t 和 mustn t1. can根t据其基本用法可译为:( 1)不会;如: i can t speak english我.不会说英语;( 2)不能;如: we cant

28、do it now because its to天o太da黑rk了.,我们现在干不了;( 3)否定句中表示估计;“不行能 ”,如: the man cant be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher. 那个人不行能是咱们老师,他年轻得多;2. mustn意t为 “ 禁止、不许 ”, 用来表达命令,表示剧烈的语气;如: you mustn t play football inthe street. it s too da你ng不er可ou以s.在街上踢足球,太危急了;易混点五: must 和 have to1. must

29、 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要;have to 侧重于客观上的必要,可用于现在时、 过去时和将来时; 如: i know i must study hard. 我知道我必需努力学习;my brother was very ill, so i had to call thedoctor in the mid-night. 我弟弟病得厉害, 我只得半夜里把医生请来; i havent got any money with me, so ill have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱, 只好向伴侣借点了; he said they must work h

30、ard.他说他们必需努力工作;2. have to 可以用于多种时态;而must 只用于一般现在或将来;如:the composition is due to hand in this morning, so i had to finish it last night.作文今日早晨到期,因此我不得不昨天晚上完成;【情态动词例题解析】1、 you pass me a pen. i d like to write down the phone numsbuerer. here it is.a. can b. need c. mightd. must【解析】由题干可知,本句表示恳求、许可;答案:a2

31、、 may i go to the cinema, mum. certainly, but you be back by 11 o clock.a. can b. may c. must d. need【解析】由题意可知,此处并非表估计的用法,而是妈妈对孩子提出的要求,应选 c, 意为 “ 必需 ” ; 答 案 : c 3、you get there by bus.a. don t needb. needn t toc. don t need tod. need don t to【解析】由选项a 可知need 为实义动词,故应加上to 才正确;选项bneedn为t情态动词,应去掉 to,应选c

32、.4、you worry about me. it s nothing sae.ricoauns. bt . mustnct . needndt . won t【解析】由题干it s nothing serious可推断,第一句意为“你不必为我担忧”, 应选 c; 此题易错选 b, mustn 意t 为 “禁止 ”,故不正确;答案:c5、excuse me. is this the right way to the summer palace. sorry, i m not sure . but it be.a. mightb.mustn tc.can td.must解析】考查情态动词migh

33、t表估计的用法;“i m not sure说”明 说话者的语气并不愿定,所以要用 might ; 答 案 : a 6、the man in the office be mr. black, because he went home just now.a.mustn tb.may notc.can td.needn t【解析】 由下文he went home just now可知,作者判定办公室里那个人(不行能是mr. black ;mustnt意为 “千万别 ”, may not 意为 “可能不 ”, neednt意为 “不必 ”; cant意为不行能,应选 c; 7、can you go s

34、urfing with us this afternoon. i d like to , but i look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill. a.need b.must c.have to d.should【解析】由题干 my mother is ill为客观要求可知,选 c.8、 may i take this book out of the reading room. . please read it here.a. certainlyb.no, you neednc.tno, you mustnd.tno, you

35、 may not【解析】 may i.的否定答语为no, you can t/ mustn;mut.st i.否定答语为no ,you needn t/don t5have to.;can i的否.定答语为no, you can在t.口语交际中,要体会句子中的情感差别;答案:c【情态动词活学巧练】1. john come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.a. mayb. canc. has tod. must2. they do well in the exam.a. can be able tob. be able to c

36、. can able tod. are able to3. may i take this book out.no, you .a. can'tb. may notc. needn'td. aren't4 .you go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.a. canb. mustc. dared. would5. can you speak japanese. no, i .a. mustn'tb. can'tc. needn'td. may not6. he be

37、in the classroom, i think. no, he be in the classroom. i saw him go home a minute ago.a. can; may notb. must; may notc. may; can'td. may; mustn't7. shall i get one more cake for you, dad. thanks, but you , i've had enough.a. may notb. must notc. can'td. needn't8. even the top stu

38、dents in our class can't work out this problem, so it be very difficult.a. mayb. mustc. cand. need9. he isn't at school. i think he be ill.a. canb. shallc. mustd. has to10. i take this one.a. mayb. willc. ared. do11. the children play football on the road.a. can'tb. canc. mustn'td. must12. you be late for school again next time.a. mustn'tb. needn'tc. don't have tod. don't need to13. must i do my homework at once. no, you .a. needn'tb. mustn'tc. can'td. may not14. his arm is all right. he go and see the doctor.a. has not tob. don't have t

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