初中英语时态语态教案终极整理版

1、中学英语时态语态总结英语中一共有十六种时态，中学阶段主要学习和考到八种时态，主要包括一般现在时， 一般过去时， 一般将来时， 现在进行时， 过去进行时， 现在完成时，过去将来时和过去完成时；一、一般现在时1.用法:1）表示现阶段常常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态、特点或客观真理；常用的时间状语有 often ，usually ， sometimes ，always ， every day ，never ， in the morning，every week/day 等；e.g. i get up at six every morning. （常常性动作） he plays tennis once

2、 a week. （习惯性动作） the sunrises in the east.（客观真理）my mother is a teacher. sheteachesenglish in a school. （现在的状态）2) 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来；e.g. if you dont go soon, youll be late.3) begin, come., go, leave, start, stop 等动词常用一般现在时表示按方案、规定将要发生的事情；e.g. classbegins at eight in the morning.2.构成：1）主语是 i,

3、we, you, they 和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形；主语是 he, she ,it 和名词单数时，动词使用第三人称单数；2）主语为第三人称和名词单数时： 确定式 :s+v/ 动词的第三人称单数否定式 :s+ don't/doesn't +v+其他疑问式 :do/does+s+v+其他简略回答 :肯yes,s+do/does否no,s+do/does not主语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人i am a student.we/you/theyarei am not a student. we/you/theyarenotare you a student.a

4、re you/ theystudents.称和第三人称复数以及students.he/ she is a student.students.he/ she is not a student.is he/ she a student.名词复数i / we/ you/ they/ dondt olikyeou/ they like music.i/we/ you/ they/like music.many people like music.music.manypeopledon t like music.domanypeoplelike music.3）当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词

5、复数时：确定式 :s + be + ·否定式 :s+ be +not + ··疑问式 :am /is /are + s+简略回答 : 肯 yes,s + be.否 no,s + be.·.·真题：1. can your father drive.08 武汉 yes, and he usuallyto school.a droveb is drivingc drivesd has driven2. if i find his phone number, iyou.09 北京 a tellb toldc will telld have told3.

6、 the teacher told the students that the earthround, not flat. 08 天津a isb wasc has beend is being二、一般过去时1. 表示过去某段时间发生的事，存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作时用一般过去时；常用于一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday，three months ago，last year，in1979 等；2. 用法：1）过去发生的动作；e.g. the policestopped me on my way home last night. 2）过去存在的状态；e.g. theyweren'

7、t able to come because they were so busy.3）be used to doing 表示过去常常做某事；也是一般过去时的标记；e.g. shewas used to feedingthe cats in the yard.3. 构成：s+v-ed1） 用动词的过去式；作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：一般情形+ed以 e 字母结尾的辅音+d以辅音字母 y 结尾去 y 变 i ed重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾字母 +ed2）一般过去时态的确定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be 和 like 为例）： 主语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人

8、称和第三人称复数以及名词复数i was a student. we/you/ they were students.he/shewasa student.i/we/ you/ they/i was not a student. we/you/ theywere not students.he/she was not a student.i/ we/ you/ they/ didn t leikmusic.were you a student.were you/ theystudents. was he/ she a student.did you/ they like music. did m

9、any people like music.liked music.manypeopleliked music.manypeople didn t like music.真题：1. yesterday，tonys familya good time.08 泸州 a hasb havec had2. we were in qingdao last week andgreat fun there.08 北京a will haveb have hadc hadd have3. my grandmotherus stories when i was young. 09 锦州a was used to

10、tellb is used to tellingc are used to telld was used to telling三、一般将来时 1.用法： 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于一般将来时的时间状语： tomorrow，next week， in 2021 等；1）将要发生的动作；e.g. i will leave for beijing tomorrow. 2）将要存在的状态；e.g. this time next year iwill be in japan. where will you be. 3）准备要做的事；e.g. are you going to wat

11、chthe film on television tonight.4）come， go, start, move, sail 等动词常用进行时态表示按方案将要发生的事；e.g. the whole family is going for two months.5 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来；e.g. if you dont go soon, youll be late.2.构成：1）助动词 willshall+v 2）be +goingto +v3.will和 be going to的区分：1）表示带意愿颜色的将来用will ；e.g. i willstay with

12、you in the future.2) 询问对方是否情愿或表示客气的邀请和命令时用will ；e.g. will you go to the park with me. will you please open the door.3) 表示客观的将来，用will ；e.g. i willbe 22 years old next year.4) be going to 常用于口语中用来表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态；e.g. were going to help some farmers with their work.5) 表示准备或预备要做的事用be going toe.g. shes g

13、oing to leave at 10 oclock tomorrow.6) 依据某种迹象判定可能要发生的事用be going to；e.g. look at the clouds.it s going to rain.真题：1. why are you in such a hurry, mike. 09福州 therean nba basketball game in ten minutes.a will haveb will bec is going to haved are going to be2. in five years, ia doctor. 08泸州a will beb wa

14、sc am3. if they come, wea meeting.a haveb will havec hadd would have四、现在进行时1. 用法：1）说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）；常用于现在进行时态的时间状语： now ,look, listen 等；e.g. sheis having a bath now.2）现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必需在说话时正在进行）；e.g.you are working hard today.kate wants to work in italy, so sheis learning italian. the

15、 population of the world is growing very fast.3）频度副词 always, forever 等词连用时，表示某种剧烈的感情；e.g. heis always trying out new ideas.4）表示按方案即将发生的动作 （仅限于 go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay等动词）；e.g. the partyis beginning at 8:00 o cl.ock.5) “系动词 +介词/副词”表示正在进行的动作；e.g. he is at work.6) 表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些

16、动词如hope, smell, hear, see等一般不用进行时态；2. 构成：be+ v-ing1）v-ing 现在分词的构成：一般情形cook-cooking以不发音字母 e 结尾的单词；去e,加 ingmake-making, taste-tasting以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时.run-running, stop-stopping,2确定句、否定句、疑问句形式： 确定句： s+be +v-ing否定句： s+be+not + v-ing一般疑问句： isare+s+v-ing ？特殊疑问： wh_+ be + s + v-ing.主语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式

17、第一、二人称和 第 三 人 称复 数 以 及 名词复数i am driving. he/she/it is working.we/you/theyaredoingsomething.i am not driving. he/she/it is not working. we/you/theyarenot doing anything.are you driving.is he/she/it working.areyou/theydoing something.真题：1. mr. greento the manager now. youd better call him later. 09 北京

18、 a talkb is talkingc talkedd was talking2. everything on the earthall the time.a is changingb is changedc has changedd has been changed3. be quiet, please. the studentsa class now.08 长春a haveb hadc are havingd were having五、过去进行时1.用法：过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作；常用于过去进行时的时间状语有at four yesterday afternoon， then，

19、at that time/moment 等；e.g.this time last year i was living in brazil. what were you doingat 10 o'clock last night.2.构成：was / were +v-ing3. 一般过去时和过去进行时的区分：1）一般过去时：强调过去某个时候曾有过某个动作（已经完成的）；2）过去进行时：强调动作在过去的某个时候或某个时间段内正在进行（是否完成不明确）；e.g. mary wrote a letter to her friend last night. mary was writing a

20、letter to her friend last night.真题：1. were you at home at 7 oclock last night.09 宁波 yes, ia shower at that time.a tookb am takingc was takingd was taken2. the boydown the street when the ufo landed. 09 仙桃 a walksb walkc is walkingd was walking3. imy homework while my parentstv last night.06南京a did;

21、have watchedb was doing; were watching c had done; were walkingd would do; were watching六、现在完成时1. 用法： 1表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, just, ever, never, before等副词连用；e.g. shehas never readthis novel.2表示“过去的动作”始终连续到现在并有可能连续连续下去；常与for 后跟段时间或 since 后跟点时间 等连用；e.g. i have beena member of the party f

22、or 10 years.i have beena member of the party since 10 years ago.3) 在有 for和 since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词（ die, arrive, close, become, come, fall, leave, go, lose, give, jum）p，应用与之相应的表示状态的词；e.g.fhe has died for 3 years. the has beendead for 3 years.4) 当表示动作、状态连续时用连续性动词（work, stand, know, walk, keep, have,

23、wait, watch, read, sleep）；连续性动词一般不与表示“点”的时间状语连用；e.g. wehave studiedenglish for three years. fit rained at eight yesterday morning.tit began to rain at eight yesterday morning.2. 构成：1) have / has + v-ing2）现在完成时态的确定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be 和 see为例）：确定句： s+ have（has）+v-ed否定句： s+ have（has）+nothaven t,hasn-edt+v一

24、般疑问句： havehas+ s+v-ed+？特殊疑问句： wh_+havehas+ s+v-ed+？主语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人称和第三人称 复数以及名 词复数i/we/you/theyhave been here before.he/she hasbeen herebefore.i / we/ you/ they/ manyi /we/you/ they haven been here before.he/shehasn tbeenhere before .i/we/you/they/havt eyou/theybeen here before.hashe/shebeenh

25、ere before.have you/ they/ many peoplepeople have seen the film.manypeoplehaven tseen the film. seen the film.3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区分1）侧重点不同；现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时只是一种过去的时态，与现在无关；e.g. yesterday iwent to the zoo. li lei has readthe book.2) 标记的时间状语不同；现在过去时： already, yet, still, just, so far, before, eve

26、r, never, since一+ 段时间， for+一段时间；一般过去时： ago, yesterday, last year, in 2000, just now.e.g. have you ever pickedflowers or stepped on the grass in a park. father bought that watch ten years ago.4. have been to, have gone to, have been in 的区分1） have been to表示过去曾去过某地， 现在已经不在该地了； 常与 just, ever, never等连用，后

27、面可接次数，表示去过某地几次；e.g. hehas been toguangzhou for three times. have you ever been tothe united states. yes, twice.2） have gone to表示到某地去了，说话时该人不在说话地点，或者已到该地， 或在途中；一般主语不用第一、其次人称；e.g. where is mrs. smith. sheisn t he. rsehe has gone toengland.3） have been in表示已经在某地待了多久；常跟for+一段时间，表示在某地待了多长时间；e.g. have you

28、r sister been in china for a long time. yes. she went there five years ago.david has been inshanghai for more than three months.真题：1. how do you like beijing, mr. smith. oh, isuch a beautiful city before.a dont visitb didn vtisitc haven t visitedd hadnvtisited2. sheas an animal trainer since 2003.09

29、北京a has workedb worksc will workd worked3. is mr. green at home. 09 黔东 no, heshanghai.a has been tob has gone toc is going to4. where is zhang ming.10.湖南 oh，dont you know heto beijing to see his parents and he ll be back tomorrow.a.hasgoneb. has beenc. had gone5. jack，i haven t seen your brother for

30、 a long time.09,福建 heshanghai on business for two months.a. went tob. has gone toc. has been ind. has been to七、过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，“从过去看将来”，常用于宾语从句；1. 用法：1）主句为一般过去时，宾语从句表示将要发生的事情；e.g. nobody knew what would happenafter a hundred years.2 表达过去的事情或事情发生的经过时，用过去将来时表示在当时看将会发生的事；e.g. it was o

31、n sunday afternoon, tomwas going to start work the following week.2. 构成：1）助动词 wouldshould+v 2）was/were +goingto +v真题：1. daddy promised me heme a computer.a was boughtb had boughtc boughtd would buy2. the teacher said shesome books to the class in the afternoon. 08绵阳 a would bringb will bringc bringd

32、 brought3. jenny said sheher holiday in china.a spentb would spentc was going to spentd would spend八、过去完成时1. 用 法 ： 1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作；在时间上表示“过去的过去”，常与 by/before+过去时间构成的介词短语连用；e.g.she said shehad seenthe film 4 times. by the time they arrived, the bushad left.2）常与 before/when 引导的一般过去时的从句连用；e.

33、g. when mr. li got to the classroom, all the studentshad begunreading. 3）常显现的时间状语有till ，until then 等；e.g. she told me shehad been ill recently.4）表示从过去某一时间开头始终连续到过去另一时间的动作或状态；常与 for 后跟段时间 或 since 后跟点时间 等连用；e.g. shehad worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.2. 构成：确定式： had + v_ed否定式： hadnt

34、+v_ed疑问式： had+ v_ed简略回答： yes, s + have/has had.no, s + had真题：1. the teachersthe office for a few minutes when we arrived. wedidn mteetthem. 09常州a had been away fromb had leftc have been away fromd have left2. theyabout eight hundred english words by the end of last term. 09 广州 a will learnb had lear

35、nedc are going to learnd have learned3. mr. wangdinner when we got to his house.07 青岛a had boiledb had madec had kept语态所谓语态，就是说明主语和谓语之间关系的一种动词形式；分两种形式：主动语态：句中的主语是动作的执行者或发出者；被动语态：句中的主语是动作 的承担者或接受者；语态的考查是全国各地中考的热点，也是中学必需把握的语法之一；我们重点学习被动语态；. 实际上 , 英语中的被动式就相当于汉语表达中的”把字句和被字句”.即:“把怎样”；“被怎样”中学阶段我们学习的被动式结构，

36、归纳如下：一般现在时的被动式：结构： am /is / are + ved过去分词）例句： my brother asks me to clean the windows. 主 动句句式 步骤：）找到主动句中的宾语，假如有双宾语（间宾直宾），把间宾作为被动句中的主语）确定主动句中的动词时态）对应变换为被动结构）有时，主动句中的主语在被动式中可省略被动式： i am asked to clean the windows by（ my brother）.现在完成式的被动式：结构：主语 have / has + been +ved.例句： we have finished our homework

37、already.改： our homework has been finished already by us 现在进行时的被动式：结构： am / is / are + being ved例句： look, the students are playing basketball in the open air. basketball is being played by the students in the open air .i am asked to clean the windows by（ my brother） .现在完成式的被动式：结构：主语 have / has + been

38、 +ved例.句：we have finished our homework already.改： our homework has been finished already by us 现在进行时的被动式：结构： am / is / are + being ved例句：look, the students are playing basketball in the open air. basketball is being played by the students in the open air .一般过去时的被动式：结构： was / were + ved例句： we cooked

39、the lunch an hour ago .改： the lunch was cooked by us an hour ago . we didnt make the model plane.the model plane wasnt made by us.过去进行时的被动式：结构： was / were + being + ved例句： he was watching tv when i called him last night. tv was being watched by him when i called him last night .过去完成式的被动式：结构： had +been+ v ed例句： by the end of last term , we had learned about eight hundred english words . about eight hundred english words had been learn