初中英语被动语态讲解与练习2

1、被动语态语法专项讲解与训练学案适用者：宋潇一语态分类：英语动词分主动语态和被动语态；主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承担者；tom 执cleans谓动the room承every day.主动the room 承is cleaned谓动by tom执every day.被动被动语态结构：助动词be + 动词的过去分词done，即 be done ， 常译为“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动关系；二被动语态的用法1 动作的执行者很明显；这时往往不用by 短语；word processing skills are taught in our computer l

2、essons.2不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁；some new computers were stolen last night.3 突出或强调动作的承担者；假如需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语；the window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的；三被动语态的时态变化：通过助动词be 的各种时态变化来表达， done 不变；留意主语的单、复数变化；以 do 为例，把握以下时态的被动结构，形式变化如下： 1一般现在时： am / is / are + done 2一般过去时： was / were + done3一般将来时： shall / will + be

3、 doneam/is/are going to be done 4现在完成时： have / has + been + done5情态动词：can/may/must/should/have to be done以下时态的被动语态作一般明白：现在进行时： am / is / are + being + done过去进行时： was / were + being + done过去完成时： had + been + done过去将来时： should / would + be done四主动语态变被动语态的方法my auntinvitedmeto her dinner party.执行者动词承担者i

4、was invitedby my aunt to her dinner party.承担者谓语by+执行者1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语；2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一样；3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略；练习：1. 一般现在时： people grow rice in the south of the country. in the south of the country.2. 一般过去时： nancy jackson designed the cd-rom.the cd-rom na

5、ncy jackson.13. 一般将来时： they will hold the charity show in the school hall.the charity show in the school hall.4. 现在完成时： he has brought his book here.his book here.5含有情态动词的被动语态：you must hand in your homework after class.your homework after class.五语态转换时所留意的问题1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，先找原主动句中的动宾短语，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态

6、保持一样，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一样；we have bought a new computer.a new computer has been bought. 正确 a new computer have been bought. 错误2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语；my uncle gave me a present on my birthday. i was given a present on my birthday.假如把直接宾语 指物改为主语，就在间接宾语指人前加适当的介词，如上句仍可说：a present

7、 was given to me yesterday.留意： 1. 以下动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如： bring, give, lend, offer, pass, show, teach, tell等；(1) the book was shown to the class.(2) my bike was lent to her. 2.一般在以下动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：buy, cook, get, keep, make, order, play, sing等；(1) a new skirt was made for me.(2) the meat was cooked

8、for us.(3) some country music was played for us.3. 由动词 + 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，介词或副词不行拆开或漏掉；这类动词有：动词+介词，如 : laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, work on 等；动词+副词，如 : sell out, find out, give up, hand in, work out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn on, wake up等

9、；the most difficult problem was worked out by tom. the song is often listened to by girls.4. 带复合宾语 宾语 +宾补的动词改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面；如：(1) we always keep the classroom clean. keep sth. cleanthe classroom is always kept clean.sth be kept clean(2) she told us not to stay up late.tell sb n

10、ot to dowe were told not to stay up late .sb. be told not to do留意：在 see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都补上to；we often hear him play the guitar.he is often heard to play the guitar.2记住以下变化：see sb dobe seen to do hear sb do.be heard to dolisten to sb

11、 dobe listened to to domake sb dobe made to do5. 有些动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，当它们和well, badly, easily 等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或使用性能，是不及物动词，不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等；如：(1) the cloth washes easily.这布很好洗；(2) the new computer sells well.这新产品很畅销；(3) the printer prints quickly.这个打印机打印很快；对比： the bo

12、oks sell well. 主动句 the books were sold out. 被动句 6. 只有动宾结构才有被动语态；以下情形的主动句不能改为被动句：第一，感官连系动词无被动意义，如：feel, look, seem, taste, sound, smel等l；1 do you like the material. yes, it feels very soft.误 ： it is felt very soft. 2the food tastes delicious.误： the food is tasted delicious.3the pop music sounds beaut

13、iful.误： the pop music is sounded beautiful.其次，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, come out, come true等；如：the accident took place last night.误： the accident was taken place last night.第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, lie 等； the sun has already risen.误： the sun has already been

14、risen.第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：i taught myself english.误： myself was taught english.7. 在汉语中，有一类句子不显现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：据说it is said that据报导it is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.众所周知it is well known that thomas edison invented the electric lamp.8. 留意区分系表结构（ b

15、e+adj.）和被动语态；his glasses are broken. 系 表his glasses were broken by the cat被. 动the door is closed. 系表the door was closed by tom. 被 动he is surprised. 系表he was surprised by the snake.被 动被动语态专项练习（一）一、 用动词的正确语态填空；1. english speak the most widely in the world.32. a piano concert give here last friday.3. t

16、he town call rugao.4. vegetables, eggs and fruits sell in this shop.5. what a knife make of.it make of metal and wood.6. the old man is ill. he must send to the hospital.7. the room clean by mum already. you dont need to clean it.8. the sports meeting hold in a week.9. he is happy that his dream com

17、e true.10. the cinema build in 1985.11. the students often tell to take care of their desks and chairs.12. the magazine can take out of the library.三、按要求改写以下句子，一空一词；（1×30=30 分）1.is tea grown in south china？（改为主动语态） people tea in south china？2.i am given a birthday present by my parents every ye

18、ar（同义句转换）a birthday present by my parents every year3. the work is going to be finishedin two days. 对划线提问 how the work going to be finished .4. the children will sing an english song. 改为被动语态 an english song by the children.5. you needn't do it now. 改为被动语态 it by you now.6. people use metal for ma

19、king machines. 改为被动语态 metal making machines.7. he made me do that for him. 改为被动语态 i that for him.8. they are watching the football match.the football match by them.9. did they build a bridge here a year ago. 改为被动语态 a bridge here by them a year ago.10. they have sold out the light green dresses. 改为被动

20、语态 the light green dresses out.11. we call the game“lianliankan”. 改为被动语态 the game “lianliankan” by us.二. 挑选题 1. a new library in our school last year.a. is; built b.was; bulit c.does; build d.did; build 2.an accident on this road last week.4a. has been happened b.was happened c.is happened d.happene

21、d 3.cotton in the southeast of china. a.is grown b.are grown c.grows d.grow 4.so far,the moon by man already.a. is visited b.will be visited c.has been visited d.was visited 5.a talk on chinese history in th school hall next week.a. is given b.has been given c.will be given d.gives 6.how many trees

22、this year.a.are planted b.will plant c.have been planted d.planted 7.a lot of things by people to save the little girl now.a. are doing b.are being done c.has been done d.will be done 8.neither of them in china.a.is made b.are made c.were made d.made 9.look. a nice picture for our teacher. a.is draw

23、ing b.is being drawn c.has been drawn d.draws 10.your shoes . you need a new pair. a.wear out b.worn out c.are worn out d.is worn 11.the doctor for yet.a.isn't sent b.hasn't been sent c.won't be sent d.wasn't sent 12.-when this kind of computers . -last year.a.did; use b.was; used c.

24、is; used d.are; used 13.the great wall all over the world. a.knows b.knew c.is known d.was known 14.i in summer.a.born b.was born c.have been born d.am born 15.he says that mr zhang to the factory next week.a.is sent b.would send c.was sent d.will be sent 16.who this book .a.did; written b.was; writ

25、ten by c.did; written d.was;written 17.mary show me her new dictionary.a.has asked to b.was asked to c.is asked d.asks to 18.a story by granny yesterday.a.was told us b.was told to us c.is told us d.told us 19.the monkey was seen off the tree. a.jump b.jumps c.jumped d.to jump 20.the school bag behi

26、nd the chair.a.puts b.can be put c.can be putted d.can put 21.older people well.a.looks after b.must be looked after c.must look after d.looked after 22.our teacher carefully.a.should be listened to b.should be listen c.be listened d.is listened被动语态专项练习（二）一、把以下句子改写成被动语态1.they make machines in that f

27、actory. 2.every body likes this song. 3.he doesn't show the stamps to me. 4.people don't grow rice in the west of japan. 5.he often helps tom when tom is in trouble. 6.do the workers build many buildings. 7.does kate sometimes break glasses. 8.do you always send a letter to mr hu. 9.what doe

28、s the teacher often tell the boys to do. 10. how many desks do they buy every term. 511. they sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week. 12.granny told us a story last night. 二.挑选题 : 1. great changes in china.a. are happenedb. was happenedc. has happenedd. have happened 3. the great wall all ov

29、er the world.a. knowsb. knewc. is knownd. was known 4. who this book .a. did; writtenb. was; written byc. did; writtend. was; written 5. a story by granny yesterday.a. was told usb. was told to usc. is told usd. told us 6.the monkey was seen off the tree.a. jumpb. jumpsc. jumpedd. to jump 7. the school bag behind the chair.a. putsb. can be putc. be putd. can