初中英语语法之非谓语动词1讲解练习答案

1、【非谓语动词】非谓语动词动词不定式构成：（ to ） +动词原形非在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓构成： v.-ing语动名词动用法（主、宾、表、定）词（一）动名词构成： v. -ing / v .-ed（规章变化）分词用法（表、补、定、状）一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形 +ing ”构成二、动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害；谓语动词用单数形式；宾语动词宾语介词宾语i like playing basketball very much. 我特别喜爱打篮球；stamps are

2、used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的；表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或常常性的动作；表语his hobby is collecting stamps.=collecting stamps is his hobby.定语she is in the reading room. 她在阅览室；we should improve our teaching methods. 我们应当改进教学方法；多数情形下， 动名词作表语可转化成作主语；只说明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等；置于所修饰词之前；留意 ：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语；我们中学阶段常见的有：finish, min

3、d, be worth, be busy,practice, have fun, have trouble/problem （ in）, spend.（.in ）, feel like, be used to（习惯于） , give up, keepon, consider, suggest, can't help；我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词；完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy ）连续习惯别舍弃（keep on, be used to, give up）考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't he

4、lp, feel like ）喜爱想念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind ）（二）动词不定式一、动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+ 动词原形 ，有时可以不用to，这里的 to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+ （ to+ ）动词原形 ；1二、动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明to speak english is not easy for us=it is not easy for us to主语speak english. 讲英语对我们来说不简单；my work is to clean the room everyday.=to clean the ro

5、om表语every day is my work.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子； what sports does he like to play. 他喜爱做什么运动？宾语 he likes to play basketball. 他喜爱打篮球；my mother made me play the piano all the time.宾补我妈妈让我始终弹钢琴；作主语用的不定式，常常用it 作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面；多数情形下， 不定式作表语， 可转换作为主语；只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语；在 make， let， see， hear，watch 等使役、感官动词后，不定式省

6、略to；定语have you got anything to say.你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面；i'm sorry to trouble you. （ 表缘由） 很愧疚， 给你添麻烦了；状语i went to the library to study english.（表目的）不定式作状语， 其规律主语要和句子的主语一样；1. 不定式 作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为： it+be+adj. （ + for/ of sb. ） +动词不定式如： to learn english well is useful. it

7、is useful to learn english well.it imsportant for us to protect the environment.留意：在 kind ， good， nice ， clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for 而用 of ；如： it's very kind of you to help me.你帮忙我真是太好啦；it's very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪慧啦；2. 不定式 作宾语有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、准备或期望的，如：would lik

8、e, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等；如：would you like to see a film this evening.你今晚想去看电影吗？在 find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面；如：i find it easy to read english every day.常见的一些不带to 的动词不定式why not do., why don't you do., had better（ not ） do., would rather do, could/would/will yo

9、u please（ not ） do.i would rather stay in the room. 我宁愿待在房间里；3. 不定式作 宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有规律上的主谓关系；如：lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西让他关小收音机；tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语；如：my mother encourages me to learn japanese. 我妈妈勉励我学日语；留意：仍有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略

10、to；这些动词有：一感（ feel）、二听（ hear, listen to ）、三让（ let, make, have ）、四看 （ look at, see, watch, notice ）；但变被动语态时，必需加上to ；如：2my friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.老板让我的伴侣们工作了一整夜；4. 不定式 作定语不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后；它与名词有规律上的动宾关系；假如是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词；there is nothing to worry about.没

11、有什么可担忧的；5.不定式 常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用 ，相当于一个宾语从句；如：the teacher is telling the students what to do . 老师正告知同学们做什么；he didn't know where to go . 他不知道去哪里；例题1. tom's mother told him eating too much meat.a: stoppingb: to stopc: stopsd: stopped 2. we don't know it next. let's go

12、 and ask mr. li.a: what to dob: to do whatc: whether to dod: to do whether 3. how kind you are. you always do what you can me.a: helpb: helpingc: to helpd: helps 4 drivers shouldn't be allowed after drinking, or they will break the law.a: driveb: drivingc: to drive 5. water park is a good place

13、.a: to have funb: have func: having fund: to have a fun6. take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone. relaxing allows you to your studies with more energy.a: returnb: to returnc: returning7. nick, would you mind those old jeans. they look terrible.a: no

14、t to wearb: not wearc: wearing notd: not wearing 8. a volunteer is great. i think so. some of us want volunteers for the london olympics.a: being ； beingb: to be；beingc: being ； to bed: to be ； to be 9. don't forget your history and politics books tomorrow morning.thanks. i won't.a: bringb:

15、to bringc: bringing 10. what about a rest.ok. let's go out and have a walk.a: to takeb: takesc: taking11. i like this set of sofa so much, but i don't know it in my small house.you're supposed to put it in the living room.a: where to putb: why to putc: how to put12. while we were running

16、 on the playground, jack suddenly stopped and lay on the ground, so we all stopped what was wrong with him.a: to run; to seeb: running; seeingc: running; to see 13. may i have a rest. i have already finished the report.3a: writeb: writingc: to writed: written 14. i feel a bit hungry now.why not for

17、dinner with us.a: gob: did you goc: to god: do you go练习1. granny often tells us water in our daily life.a: saveb: savingc: to saved: saves 2. richard turned off the computer after he had finished the email.a: writeb: to writec: writingd: wrote 3. we can use qq to chat with each other on the internet

18、.really. will you please show me it.a: how to useb: what to usec: how can i used: what can i use 4. where's your brother now ， bob. i saw him in the street a moment ago and i told him .a: playing ； don't do sob: playing ； not to do soc: play； to do so5. as teenagers, we're old enough wit

19、h housework. we can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms.a: to helpb: helpingc: helped6. nancy is really a hard-working student. we often see her books in the classroom.a: readb: to readc: reads7 mrs. smith made her students the compositions three times a week.a: writeb: to wr

20、itec: writtend: writing8.tom often makes his sister, but yesterday he was madeby his sister.a: cry; to cryb: to cry; cryc:cry; cryd: to cry; to cry 9. you'd better too much time playing computer games.a: don't spendb: not to spendc: to not spendd: not spend 10. more and more young people are

21、 trying to do something the old.a: servedb: to servec: served: serves11. why not an english club to practice english.a. to join; to speakb. join; speakingc. join; to speakd. to join; speaking 12. when we came to the gate, he stopped me go in first.a. to letb. to tellc. to allowd. to ask13. she saw some boys soccer on the playground when she was on the way to the classroom.a. playedb. to playc. playing 14.how about going shopping this weekend, peter.sorry, i prefer rather than .a. to stay at home; go outb. to go out; stay at homec. staying a