初中英语语法详解与训练——英语主谓一致重点知识归纳

1、名师总结精品学问点主谓一样的三个原就1. 语法一样原就该原就要求谓语动词必需与主语在语法形式上保持一样，即主语是单数形式，动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，动词用复数形式：both my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生；the living-room walls are a light yellow. 客厅的墙是淡黄色；the two factories are in the same locality. 两家工厂都在同一个地区；her job is teaching french. 她的工作是教法语；the location of the house is near

2、 the highway. 房子的地点靠近大路；a large amount of damage was done in a short time.短期内造成大量损害；2. 意义一样原就有时候谓语动词的数取决于主语所表示的概念，而不是其语法形式：this news is important for us. 这条消息对我们很重要；paris is among the largest cities in the would. 巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一；the thesis was about a hundred and fifty pages long.论文有一百五十页长； watch out.

3、 the police are coming. 当心，警察来了；less people are going to university than usual.现在上高校的人比平常少；3. 就近原就有时，谓语动词的数打算于主语中最靠近它的词语：either you or i am wrong. 不是你错了就是我错了；neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it.老师和同学对此都不感爱好；集合名词做主语的主谓一样问题1. 通常用作复数的集合名词police 警察 ，people 人， cattle 牛，牲口 等集合名词，总是表示复

4、数意义，用作主语时，其谓语要用复数：the police were after him. 警察正在追捕他；名师总结精品学问点people are beginning to talk about her.人们开头谈论她；cattle feed on grass.牛吃草；【注】 goods 货物 , clothes 衣服 只有复数形式，且只表示复数意义： such clothes are very cheap.那样的衣服很廉价；all the goods have been sent to them.全部的货物都给他们送去了；2. 只用作单数的不行数集合名词clothing 衣服 ，poetry

5、诗歌 ，baggage / luggage行李 ， furniture 家具 ，machinery 机械 ，scenery 景色 ，jewellery 珠宝 ，equipment 设备 等集合名词通常只用作不行数名词，表示单数意义，用作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式：our clothing protects us from against the cold.我们的衣服可以御寒；all their baggage was stolen.他们全部的行李都被偷了；the furniture is convenient to move.这家具搬起来很便利；all the machinery in t

6、he factory is made in china.这个工厂全部的机器都是中国产的；3. 既可表示单数意义也可表示复数意义的集合名词family 家庭 ，team 队，队员 ， class 班，班上的全体同学， crowd 人群 ，government 政府 ，crew 乘务员 ，committee 委员会 ，audience 听众 ，public 公众 等集合名词，当它们表示整体意义时，表单数意义，当它们强调个体意义时，表示复数意义：her family is a large one.她的家庭是一个大家庭；her family are all tall.她的一家人都很高；the team

7、 is the best in the league.这个队在联赛中打得最好；the football team are having baths.足球队队员们在洗澡；it was late, but the audience was increasing.时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加；the audience were all moved to tears.听众都感动得流了泪；【注】有时没有特定的语境，用单复数谓语均可以：the audience was were very excited by the show.观众对演出甚感谢动；the public has have a right

8、to know what s in the 公rep众o有rt.权知道这篇报告的内容；并列结构作主语时谓语动词的数1. 由 and 和 both.and连接的并列主语名师总结精品学问点此时谓语动词通常用复数；如：jim and mary are both interested in it.吉姆和玛丽都对此感爱好；both brother and sister are college students.兄妹俩都是高校生；【留意】(1) 当由 and 连接的两个并列主语受each, every, no的修饰时，谓语用单数：every boy and every girl likes the boo

9、k.每个男孩女孩都喜爱这本书；no desk and no chair was seen in the room.房间里不见桌椅；(2) 当 and 连接两个数相加时，谓语动词可用单数或复数：six and eight makes make fourteen.六加八等于十四；(3) 当 and 连接的两个的词语指同一个人或事物时，谓语通常要用单数：a cart and horse was seen in the distance.远处观察一辆马车；2. 由 or, nor, either.or, neithernor, not onlybut also等, n连ot接的并列bu主t 语此时谓语

10、动词通常与最靠近的主语保持一样即遵循就近原就 ；如：he or i am wrong.不是他错了，就是我错了；either you or he has taken it.不是你拿了就是他拿了；not only the children but also the mother wants to go.不仅孩子们想去，母亲也想去；留意这类句型的疑问句形式：were you or he there.当时是你仍是他在那儿. are either you or he to blame.是怪你仍是怪他.【留意】在非正式文体中，个别结构如 neithernor连接主语时，谓语可用复数： neither hi

11、s father nor his mother have has come.他的爸爸和妈妈都没来；3. 由 as well as, as much as, rather than , more than, no less than等连接的并连主语此时谓语动词通常与前面一个主语保持一样；如：the teacher as well as the students has read it不仅同学读过它，老师也读过；the teacher rather than the students is to blame.应受批评的是老师而不是同学；数量概念作主语时谓语动词的数1. 表时间长度、钱数、速度等的词

12、组作主语名师总结精品学问点此时通常将其视为整体，谓语用单数；如：twenty years is a long time. 20年是很长的时间；ten dollars is all i have left.我只剩下 10 美元；2. 分数 百分数 作主语“分数 百分数 +of+ 名词 ”结构作主语时，谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一样；如： about 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day.那天大约有 30% 的同学未到； three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea.

13、地球表面的四分之三是海；【留意】在现代英语中，有时即使该结构中的名词为复数，其谓语也可用单数即将其视为整体： over sixty per cent of families own owns a television.百分之六十以上的家庭已拥有电视机；3. “ one in out of+复数名词 ”作主语此时谓语动词通常用单数；如：only one in ten students has passed the examination.只有特别之一的同学通过了考试；one out of twelve bottles was broken.每 12 个瓶子中有一个破了；【留意】在非正式文体中有时

14、也用复数谓语；如：nationwide, one in five adults are illiterate.就全国范畴而言，五个成年人中有一个是文盲；4. “ all of some of, none of, half of, most of, lots of, plenty of+名词 ”作主语此时谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一样；如：most of the people are against the plan.大多数人反对这个方案；most of the earth s surface is covered by water.地球的大部分地区被水掩盖； half of the app

15、le is bad.这个苹果有一半是坏的；half of the apples are bad.这些苹果当中有一半是坏的；5. “ one and a half复数名词 ”与“a单数名词 and a half作”主语此时国内不少书认为，这两个结构作主语，谓语均用单数；如：one and a half months has passed. / a month and a half has passed.已经过去了一个半月；名师总结精品学问点但是，国外一些词书就认为，谓语动词的数取决于这两个结构中名词的数：one and a half months have passed. / a month a

16、nd a half has passed.已经过去了一个半月；6. “ the a number of+名词 ”作主语该结构如用定冠词，其后谓语用单数；如用不定冠词，其后谓语用复数：the number of students is 4000.同学人数为4000 ；a number of people were absent from the meeting.很多人开会缺席；留意类似结构：the variety of goods in this shop is rich.这家商店的品种丰富；a variety of books have been published.已出版了各种各样的书；不定

17、代词作主语时的主谓一样问题1. someone, anyone等作主语时someone, anyone, no one, everyone, something, nothing等复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数：someone is asking to see you.有人找你；nobody is to blame for it.这谁也不怨；no one wants to read such books.没有人想看那样的书；2. all作主语时如指人，谓语通常用复数；如指事物或现象，谓语通常用单数：all have gone home.大家都走了；all that glitters is

18、not gold.发亮的不肯定都是金子；比较：all is silent.万籁俱寂； 指现象 all are silent.人人都缄默不语；指详细的人 【留意】如是 “all of+名词 ”作主语，就谓语动词与其中名词的数保持一样；3. either 和 neither 作主语时名师总结精品学问点如是单独作主语，谓语通常用单数：neither was satisfactory.两个都不令人中意；the two guests have arrived, and either is welcome.两位客人都到了，哪一位都受欢迎；【留意】如是 “either neither of+ 名词 ”作主语

19、，就其后的谓语动词可用单数正式文体 或复数 非正式文体 ： neither of the two computers is are cheap.这两台电脑都不廉价；is are either of the boys ready.两个男孩都预备好了吗？i don t think either of them is are at home.我想他们俩个都会不在家；4. each 作主语或修饰主语时单独用作主语 或修饰主语 ，谓语用单数 :each student has his own desk.每个同学都有自己的课桌；two boys entered. each was carrying a s

20、uitcase.两个男孩进来，每人提着一只箱子；【留意】(1) 两个或多个 “ each单数名词 ”结构并列作主语时, 谓语用单数；(2) “ eachof复数名词或代词”用作主语 , 谓语一般要用单数each of them was deeply frightened.他们个个都惊恐万分；但是在非正式文体中 特殊是当each of 之后的名词较长时有时也可用复数谓语，但很少见，同学宜慎用；5. none of作主语时如指不行数名词，谓语用单数；如指复数可数名词，谓语可用单数正式文体 或复数 非正式文体 ： none of the money is mine.这笔钱没有一点是我的；none o

21、f the boys like likes it.这些男孩子谁也不喜爱它；6. 关于 “ one of+复数名词 + 定语从句 ”在这一结构中，定语从句的谓语用复数取决于先行词是one 仍是其后的复数名词；一般说来，在这类结构 中，复数名词通常被认为是先行词即定语从句谓语用复数，除非 one of 前有 the only修饰 此时定语从句的谓语用单数 ：he is one of the people who were killed in the accident.他是事故中丧命的人之一；he is the only one of the people who was killed in the

22、 accident.他是事故中惟一丧命的人；名师总结精品学问点单复数同形的名词作主语有的名词单数与复形同形，如means 方法 , sheep 绵羊 , fish 鱼, series 系列 , works 工厂 等，当它们用作主语时，其谓语的数需依据这些名词的实际意义来确定究竟表示单数仍是复数，此时要特殊留意其修 饰语和上下文语境；如：every possible means has been tried.每种可能的方法都试过了； all possible means have been tried.全部可能的方法都试过了； 注：如没有特定的修饰语或语境，就用单数或复数谓语均可；如：are i

23、s there any other means of doing it.做这事仍有其他的什么方法吗.a the number of作主语时谓语的数一、 “the number +复数名词 ”作主语，谓语用单数；如：the number of the students increased to 500.同学人数增加到了500 人；the number of students absent is 6.缺席的同学人数为6； the number of jobs is increasing.工作的数目正在增加； the number of chairs in the room is ten.屋内椅子共

24、有十把；the number of the unemployed is still increasing.失业的人仍在增加；the number of cars has greatly in creased.轿车的数量大大地增加了；the number of stamp-collectors is growing apace.集邮者的人数在快速增加；and here are the main points of the news again. the pound has fallen against the dollar. the primeminister has said that the

25、 government s economic policies are working. the number of unemployed has reached five million. there has been a fire.下面把新闻要点再说一遍；英镑对美元的比价已经下跌；首 相说政府的经济政策正在起作用；失业人数已经达到500 万；发生了一场大火二、 “a number of+复数名词 ”作主语，谓语用复数；如： a number of people were injured.不少人受了伤；there were a number of swans on the lake.湖上有好

26、些天鹅；there are a number of factors which we re to consi有de很r. 多因素我们需要考虑； a number of houses were burned down in the fire.在火灾中烧掉了不少房子；a large number ofpeople have come to see the exhibition.很多人来看展览会；a number of workers have recently left the company.最近有很多工人辞掉了工作；a number of veterans have retired and s

27、ome are ready to.很多老队员已退役，另一些也预备退役；名师总结精品学问点a number of people have tried to find the treasure, but they have all failed.很多人都努力查找宝藏，但是他们都失败了；“ the+形容词 ”作主语时的主谓一样一、 “the+形容词 ”作主语时，如指一类人，就谓语用复数；如：the young are mostly ambitious.年轻人多半有雄心；the sick and the wounded were sent home.伤病员都送回家了；the rich get rich

28、er and the poor get poorer.富者愈富，贫者愈贫；the injured were carried away on stretchers.用担架把受伤的人抬走了；the old are more likely to catch cold than the young.老年人比年轻人更简单感冒；二、如指个别或抽象概念，谓语用单数；如：the beautiful is not always the useful.美的并不总是有用的；the unknown is always something to be feared.未知的东西总是一种令人可怕的东西；the beauti

29、ful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.美未必是善，善未必是真；注：有个别的 “the+形容词 ”结构既表示单数意义，也表示复数意义，如用作主语，谓语动词用单数仍是复数需视情形而定；如： the good指“好人”时表复数意义，指 “善”时表单数意义； the accused指一名被告时表单数意义，指多名被告时表复数意义；比较：the accused was acquitted of the charge.被告被宣告无罪；指一人 the accused were acquitted of the charg

30、e.被告均被宣告无罪； 指多人 many a与 more than one作主语时谓语的数many a 的意思是 “很多 ”，more than one的意思是 “不止一个 ”，从意义上，它们表示复数，但用作主语时，谓语却习惯上用单数；如： many amany a fine man has died in that battle.很多优秀的士兵死于那次战争； many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks.很多船只毁于那些礁石之上； many a young man has tried and failed.很多年轻人都试过，而且失败了；many a

31、successful store has paid its rent cheerfully.很多胜利的店铺都特别愿意地付了房租； more than one名师总结精品学问点more than one man has been dismissed.不止一人被解雇了；more than one person is involved in this.与此事有牵连的人不止一个；if things don tbgeettter, more than one person is going to have to find a new job.假如情形没有好转，需要另谋新工作的就不是个别人了；比较：man

32、y a boy likes swimming.=many boys like swimming.很多男孩子喜爱游泳；more than one student has read the book.=more students than one have read the book.不止一个同学读过这书；时间、距离、金额作主语时的主谓一样表示时间、距离、度量、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语，被看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；如强调个体也可以复数；如：twenty years is a long time.二十年是很长时间；two kilometers is a long way to go on fo

33、ot.步行两千米是一段很长的路程；six months have passed, and we still have no news of them.六个月过去了，我们依旧没有他们的消息；比较：ten dollars is too much for this old coin.这个古币没有10 块钱这么高的价格；three dollars were paid for the old coin.那个古钱花了3 块钱；twenty years is a long time. 20年是一段很长的时间；twenty years have passed since they got married.他们

34、结婚已有20 年了；百分数作主语谓语动词的数的问题 将近百分之七十的资金由政府供应；误： nearly 70% of the fund were supplied by the government.正： nearly 70% of the fund was supplied by the government.析：“数词 percent of 名词 ”作主语时，其谓语的数原就上与该结构中名词的数保持一样这也是各级考试常遵循的原就 ，比较：about 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day.那天大约有 30% 的同学迟到；注：在现代英语中，有

35、时即使以上结构中的名词为复数, 其谓语也可用单数即将其视为整体 ，如：名师总结精品学问点over sixty per cent of families own owns a television.百分之六十以上的家庭已拥有电视机； 现在大分部分教科书都有插图；误： a large percentage of schoolbooks now has pictures.正： a large percentage of schoolbooks now have pictures.析： “a large small percentage of名词 ”结构用作主语时 , 其谓语的数原就上与该结构中名词的

36、数保持一样；比较：only a small percentage of the money is mine.这笔钱当中只有一少部分是我的；注：如其中的名词为表示可数意义的集合名词，就其谓语依据情形可用单数视为整体 或复数 考虑其个体 ，如：what percentage of the population reads books.识字的人占人口的百分之几.非谓语动词作主语时的主谓一样非谓语动词 主要指不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；如：1. 动名词作主语having to change trains is a small inconvenience.换乘火车多少有些不便；being

37、 deaf and dumb makes communication very difficult.又聋又哑很难与人交往；watching the event on television was a poor substitute for actually being there.从电视上观看那个竞赛比现场观看可差远了；reading by artificial light is bad for the eyes.阅读时使用人工照明会损害眼睛；writing a dictionary is a long and difficult business but we re 编ge写ttin词g典t

38、h是er费e.时费事的工作,但我们肯定能胜利；writing a book was a more difficult job than he d写th书ou这gh工t.作可比他原先想像的难得多；2. 不定式作主语to say you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse.说自己不知道规章是不能成为藉口的；how to earn daily bread by my pen was then the problem.如何靠我的笔维护生计在当时是一难题；to have such an easy examination paper was a gift fro

39、m the gods.遇到这样简单的考卷, 那是老天爷的赏赐；to say you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse.说自己不知道规章是不能成为藉口的；to say that he was displeased is an understatement.说他不兴奋是重事轻说；to move house requires forward planning.要搬家得先做好方案；to have told my secret would have given me away.要是讲出了我的隐秘就是把我自己出卖了；名师总结精品学问点从句作主语时的主谓一样从句

40、 即主语从句 作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；如：whoever told you that was lying.不管这话是谁对你说的，都是撒谎；whichever climber gets to the top first will get a5,000 prize.不管是谁第一爬到山顶都将获得5000 英镑的奖金；whether he has signed the contract or not doesn t m他a是tte否r. 在合同上签了字，是无关紧要的； what he chiefly wished for was a chance to explain.他主要期望能有一个说明的机会；注：当主语从句后接的表语时复数时，有时也可用复数谓语；如：what she needs is are friends.她需要的是伴侣；“主语+介词短语 ”作主语时的主谓一样按英语习惯，介词短语通常不用作主语，所以当主语后跟有一个介词短语时，其后谓语动词的数只与介词