高考英语基础知识(大盘点)

1、第 1 页/共 47 页高考英语基础知识（大盘点）一、英语常用句型1否定句型1)一般否定句i dont know this. no news is good news. there is no person (smoking)/ not a person/ not any person (smoking) in the house. 2)特指否定she went to his office, not to see him. i am sorry for not coming on time. i dont think/ believe/ suppose/ feel/ imagine you a

2、re right. 3)部分否定all is not gold that glitters. i dont know all of them. i cant see everybody/everything. both of them are not right. 4)全体否定none of my friends smoke. i can see nothing/nobody. neither of them is right. nothing can be so simple as this. 5)延续否定you didnt see him, neither/nor did i. you d

3、ont know, i dont know either. he doesnt know english, let alone/ to say nothing of/ not to speak of ( 更不用说 )french. 6)半否定句we seldom/ hardly/ scarcely/ barely hear such fine singing. i know little english. i saw few people. 7)双重否定第 2 页/共 47 页you cant make something out of nothing. whats done cannot b

4、e undone. there is no sweet without sweat. no gain without pains. i cant help /keep/ laughing whenever i hear it. 8)排除否定everyone is ready except you. he did nothing but play. but for your help, i couldnt have done it. 9)加强否定whatever you say, i wont do it at all. i cant see it any more, though i have

5、 looked for it everywhere. he is now a man. he is no longer a boy. 2判断句型1)一般判断句it is important for us to learn english. it is kind of you to help me. sincere means honest. the boy is called/ named tom. we regarded/consider it as an honor. 2)强调判断it is english that we should learn. it is he who helped

6、 me a lot. 3)弱式判断your sentence doesnt sound/ look/ appear/ feel right. you look/ seem as if/ as though you had been there before. maybe/ perhaps she is ill. it is possible that he hasnt grasped what you have said. 4)注释判断he can remember so many english words, that is (to say) he is a living dictionar

7、y( 活字典)第 3 页/共 47 页5)正反判断that sounds all right, but in fact it is on the contrary/ it is not. 6)比较判断it is more a picture than a poem. he or you are wrong. either he is right or i am. 3祝愿祈使句式1)一般句式study hard and keep fit. 2)强调句式do tell me. its no need to keep it a secret. never tell a lie. you should

8、 be an honest boy. 3)委婉祈使句please tell me the truth. would/will/wont do me a favor? would/do you mind my smoking? what/how about going on foot? 4) 建议祈使句let us go. let us know the time. lets not waste the time. youd better start early. shall we listen to some music? why dont you get something to drink

9、? suppose/ supposing you pick me up at about six? i suggest we (should) take the train instead of a bus. 5)祝愿句success to you! wish you a good journey. may you have a happy marriage? allow me to propose a toast to our friendship! 第 4 页/共 47 页4数词句型1)表数目it is exactly ten oclock/ its ten oclock sharp. i

10、t is five miles away from here. he is more than/over/ at least/not less than 20. he is under/ at most/no more than 20. 2) 表年月日he was born on april 22 1994/in 1994 on the morning of oct.1. 3) 表年龄he is 20 years old/ years of age. he is at the age of 10. he is in his teens/ twenties/ thirties/. 4) 表倍数i

11、t is four times that of last years. this is four times as big (again) as that one. this is four times bigger than that one. the income is double what it was. the output of coal was 200% greater than in 1998. 5) 表计量it is 10 meters long/ wide/ high. / 10 meters in length/ width/ height. it costs me 10

12、0 yuan. i spent 10 hours finishing it. it took me 10 days to finish it. it is worth 100 yuan. 5关联指代句型1) 两项关联i have two books, one is chinese; the other english. i have five books, one is chinese; the others english. 第 5 页/共 47 页to say is one thing, but/ and to do is another. on (the) one hand, i am

13、your teacher, and on the other hand, i am also your friend. some like to play football, others are fond of basketball. 2) 先后顺序first/ firstly, i wish good health, second/secondly success in your study, third/ thirdly good luck in everything. first stop, then look, finally cross. at first/ in the begi

14、nning he works hard. later/ afterwards he is not so diligent. 3) 修饰限制this is the same book as i lost yesterday. this is the same book that i lost yesterday. (同一本书 ) dont trust such a man as over praise you. he/ one/ those/ they who should come failed to appear. a man/ a person/ the one/ anyone/ peop

15、le who saw her liked her very much. the day/ time/ moment will come when china is the strongest in the world. 4)两项连接he can speak not only english but also french. the book is both interesting and instructive. it is neither cold nor hot. please either come in or go out. the old worker has experience

16、and knowledge as well. 5) 加和关系besides literature, we have grammar and writing. apart from oxygen, there are some other gases in the air. in addition to if ，there are many other conjunctions that can introduce conditional clauses. i must go now, incidentally, if you want that book. 第 6 页/共 47 页you se

17、em to like tea, so do i. 6比较句型1) 等比句he is as tall as i. he is the same height as i. she is no less diligent than he. the lab is no better than a cottage. 2)差比句i speak english worse than he does. he is not so/as tall as i am. 3)极比句he is the tallest of all in the class. none/no one is so blind as thos

18、e that wont see. nothing is so easy as this. i cant agree more. i have never spent a better night. 4) 比例句the more a man knows, the more he feels his ignorance(无知)5)择比句he is taller than any other boy in the class. it is better late than never. they would die than live as slaves. he prefers doing to t

19、alking. he prefers to do rather than to talk. he prefers mathematics to english. id rather stay here. 6)对比句you think me idle, but on the contrary, i am busy. they are working hard while you are wasting your time. 第 7 页/共 47 页7比喻句型she is as cute as a newborn kitten. you are my star in the night. 8条件假

20、设句1)一般事实if we succeed, what will the people say? suppose it rains, what shall we do? persevere( 坚持)and youll succeed. 2) 虚拟条件句if i were a teacher, i wouldnt scold my pupils like that. if you had seen it, you would have been moved. 3) 反条件句unless you try, youll never succeed. dont move, or/ else/ othe

21、rwise ill shoot. 4) 唯一条件句if only i have another chance, i shall do better. only in this way can we learn english well. so/ as long as we dont lose heart, well succeed. 5) 推论条件句since that is so, there is no more to say. now that you are a grown-up, you must stop this behavior. 9时间句型1)一般时when i see hi

22、m, ill tell him. 2)表同时youll grow wiser as you grow older. work while you work, play while you play. he worked, at the same time/ in the meantime/ meanwhile he listened to the music. 第 8 页/共 47 页3) 限制时every/ each time when i went to his house, he was out. by the time that we got there, he was out. 4)

23、 交替时sometimes he sings, sometimes he dances. at one time the baby cries, at another it talks. 5) 先时i stopped him before he began to talk with me. 6) 后时ill tell you after i finish it. 7) 紧接时as soon as i see him, ill tell him. once you begin, you must continue. the (very) moment/instant (that) i saw h

24、im, i recognized him. on hearing the news, she bust into tears. hardly had i seen the light, when i heard a loud thundering. 8) 延续时i havent seen him since i came here. a friend is never known till/ until a man has need. 10地点句型1)一般地点where have you been? where there is a will, there is a way. 2) 方位heb

25、ei lies in the east of china. japan is/ lies to the east of china. the house faces (to) the south. he is sitting in the front of the classroom. he is standing in front of/ before me. he is sitting at the back of/ behind me. he is sitting at the back of/ at the rear of the classroom. 第 9 页/共 47 页he i

26、s sitting next to/besides me. he is sitting close to/ near me. at the top of/on top of the shelf, there are some books. he is sitting on the left/ right. the mountain you see to the right is the purple mountain. 11原因句型he didnt go to school because he was ill. since we are all here, lets begin our me

27、eting. it might rain yesterday, for the ground was wet. now (that) we have finished the work, we can go home. i am glad to meet you. i am sorry that i hear you have been ill. i owe you a lot of thanks for your kindness to me in all these years. that is why he failed to come. he didnt come because of

28、/ on account of the weather. he went out of curiosity. i succeeded thanks to his help. this failure is due to the fact they lack experience. owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled. for what reason did you choose this? whats the point of asking him to do that? how come you never told me a

29、bout it? what with the wind and what with the rain, our walk was spoiled. 12目的句型he stopped aside so that she could go in. he sits in the front in order that he can see words on the screen clearly. he gets up early so as to/ in order to have time to do exercises. he repeated it for fear that there sh

30、ould be any mistake. 第 10 页/共 47 页13结果句型it was very cold, so that the river froze. they cost a lot of money, so/ therefore we use them carefully. he is such a good man that every one likes him. he ran so fast that no one could catch him. he hurried to the house only to find that it was empty. i was

31、caught in the rain. as a result, i had a bad cold. 14程度句型how often do you write to your parents? how long do you stay at home? it is so beautiful that we all love it. maybe the task is too much for you. he is too excited to speak. he is not old enough to know this. the letter must be sent as soon as

32、 possible. you must work as hard as you can. as far as i know, i can speak only english. 15让步句型though/ although he is rich, (yet/ still) he doesnt show off. young as he is, he know a lot of things. even if/ though he succeeded, he was not proud. no matter what you say, ill still try to do it. keep c

33、alm, whatever/ no matter what happens. in spite of this, we must go ahead with our plans. regardless of/ in spite of/ despite all the difficulties, well fight it out to the end. 16转折句型i searched everywhere but could not find him. you may go, only return quickly. he is seriously ill, still there is h

34、ope of his recovery. it looked like rain, however it was clear in the afternoon. 第 11 页/共 47 页he is still young, yet he is high up in the position. he didnt tell me the truth, i know it, though. 17省略句i think/ say/ suppose/ expect/ believe/ hope so. why not come earlier next time? 二、英语阅读理解及书面表达必备词组ab

35、ove all 首先，尤其重要的，最重要的by accident 偶然，无意中be active in 对(于)很积极add up to 合计为admit ones mistake 承认错误take/follow ones advice 接受某人的建议give advice on 就提出建议advice sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事the day after tomorrow 后天after all 毕竟；终究against ones will 违心at the age of 在岁时第 12 页/共 47 页achieve ones aim 实现目标in the air 在空中

36、；悬而未决in the open air 在户外，在露天里at the airport 在机场the fire alarm 火警be filled with anger 满腔怒火be angry at sth. 因某人之言行而生气be angry with sb. 生某人的气make an announcement 通知one after another 相继地，按顺序地one another 相互，彼此 (三者或三者以上之间 ) each other 相互(指两者之间 ) give no answer 没有回答be anxious about 为而担心be anxious to do sth

37、. 急于做某事第 13 页/共 47 页live apart 分开住apart from 除了make/offer an apology to sb.for sth. 因某事向某人认错或道歉argue with sb. about sth. 与某人争论某事lay sth. aside 放在一边ask sb. for advice/help 请某人指点 /帮助be astonished at sth. 惊讶于at one time 以前，曾经pay attention to 注意take a correct attitude towards sth. 对抱正确的态度attract ones at

38、tention 引起(注意，兴趣等 ) lie/swim on ones back 仰卧/仰泳a bad cold 重感冒two pieces of baggage 两件行李keep/lose ones balance 保持/失去平衡at the ball 在舞会上第 14 页/共 47 页have/take a cold bath 洗冷水澡be killed in battle 阵亡on the beach 在海滩make the bed 整理床铺begin with 以开始at the beginning of 在起始，开始from beginning to end 自始至终come in

39、to being 形成局面；产生a safety belt 安全带second thoughts are best. 三思而后行do/try ones best 尽力，尽最大的努力make the best of 尽量利用，善用all the best 一切顺利，万事如意in bold 黑体的，粗体的be born in a peasants family 出身于农民家庭第 15 页/共 47 页make a bow 鞠躬use ones brains 动动脑子break the record 打破纪录take a deep breath 深吸一口气hold ones breath 屏息；憋住

40、气out of breath 上气不接下气brush ones teeth 刷牙burst into tears 突然哭起来a burst of laughter 突然一阵大笑but for 要不是a call for help 呼救声keep calm 保持镇静 (别慌) keep quiet 保持安静 (别吵) keep still 保持不动 (别动) keep silent 保持沉默 (别说话) a summer camp 夏令营第 16 页/共 47 页go camping 去野营cannot help doing 情不自禁play cards 打牌take care of 照顾，保管

41、medical care 医疗护理in that case 假若那样的话in case 以防万一rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨catch up with 赶上(或超过 ) by chance 偶然free of charge 免费in charge 主管，在掌管之下in the charge of 由负责take charge 掌管，负责cheer up 高兴起来第 17 页/共 47 页in ones childhood 童年时make a choice 挑选，选择at christmas 圣诞节时go to church 去做礼拜cigarette end 烟头give

42、sb. a clap 为鼓掌get close to 接近a table cloth 一块桌布a suit of clothes 一套衣服childrens clothing 童装collect stamps 集邮come about 产生，发生come across (偶然)遇见或发现come up 走过来；长出，发芽，上升；抬头in common 共同，共有compete in a contest 参加比赛第 18 页/共 47 页give a concert 举办音乐会on condition that 条件是congratulate sb. on sth. 祝贺某人on the con

43、trary 相反地out of control 失控have a conversation with sb. 与谈话；交谈in/during the course of 在期间 /过程中be covered with 被覆盖be cross with sb. at sth. 因某事和某人发脾气cross out 划掉be cruel to sb. 对残忍cubic meter 立方米be curious about sth. 对感到好奇do great damage to 对造成巨大损害in danger 处境危险第 19 页/共 47 页out of date 过时the other day

44、 在不久前，前几天be deaf to sth. 对充耳不闻deal with 对付，应付in debt 负债out of debt 还清债务make a decision 作出决定do good deeds 做好事do the deed 付诸行动，生效deep into the night 直到深夜deep in thought 沉思deep into the night 深夜without delay 毫不耽搁，立刻delay doing sth. 迟迟未做某事deliver a speech 发表(演说等) 第 20 页/共 47 页meet the demands 满足要求foreig

45、n language department 外语系department store 百货商店beyond description 难以形容be determined to do sth. 决心做某事with the development of industry 随着工业的发展devote oneself to 献身于，致力于be in danger of dying out 处于灭亡的危险中make no difference 没作用，没影响have difficulty in doing sth. 做有困难，难以be invited to dinner 应邀赴宴in all directi

46、ons 向四面八方make a new discovery 做出新的发现under discussion 正在讨论中wash dishes 洗盘子in the distance 在远方，在远处第 21 页/共 47 页be distant toward sb. 对冷淡do good to 对有益do wrong 做坏事，犯罪from door to door 挨门挨户next door 隔壁的go downstairs 下楼go downtown 到市区去drag ones feet 缓慢前进，拖延draw tears from sb. 催人泪下dream of doing sth. 渴望做某

47、事drill a hole in the wall 在墙上钻孔drive off 赶走drive sb. mad 使某人发狂earn money 挣钱earn ones living 谋生第 22 页/共 47 页on earth 究竟take it easy 别着急，别紧张，放松些have a great effect on 对有很大影响make efforts to do sth. 努力做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事make ends meet 量入为出；使收支相抵a happy ending 美满的结局english?speaking countr

48、ies 说英语的国家enter oneself for a contest 报名比赛the entrance to the theater 剧场的入口on new years eve 在除夕even if/even though 虽然，即使current events 时事have/take an examination 参加考试carry out a medical examination 进行体格检查pass an examination 考试及格第 23 页/共 47 页set an example to sb. 为树立榜样do morning exercises 做早操come int

49、o existence 产生，成立carry/do/make an experiment 做实验make an explanation 作解释，说明make a face 做鬼脸，装怪相as a matter of fact 事实上fail to do sth. 未能fall behind 落后，掉队be familiar with sth. 对熟悉be famous for 因而闻名be famous as 作为而闻名feel ones pulse 摸某人的脉feel like doing sth. 觉得想做hurt ones feelings 伤害某人的感情第 24 页/共 47 页the

50、 spring festival 春节have a high fever 发高烧the field of science 科学领域in ones fifties 五十多岁时a key figure 关键人物fill in the form 填写表格in a flash 刹那间a big / great flood 一场大洪水sweep the floor 扫地on the third floor 在三层a building of three storeys 三层楼的建筑be in flowers 正在开花fly a kite 放风筝in a fog 糊里糊涂make a fool of sb.

51、 欺骗，愚弄某人at the foot of the mountain 在山脚下第 25 页/共 47 页the air force 空军by force 靠武力，强行with great force 用很大力气foreign trade 对外贸易form a good habit 养成好习惯try ones fortune 碰碰运气in fours 每四个一组 (一批)；四个四个地a frequent visitor 常客a fresh hand 新手make friends with 同交朋友from then on 那时起from time to time 不时地，时常no pains,

52、 no gains. 一份耕耘，一份收获。play games 做游戏generation gap 代沟第 26 页/共 47 页get down to sth. 开始认真 (做某事 ) get into trouble 陷入麻烦have a gift for music 有音乐天分give out 用尽，耗尽，筋疲力尽take a glance at 朝看了一眼glare at 向人瞪眼，怒目而视go out (灯，火)熄灭go over the lesson 复习功课score a goal 进了一个球make mistakes in grammar 犯语法错误grasp ones mea

53、ning 懂某人的意思keep off the grass 勿踏草地get into the habit of 养成的习惯by hand 用手hand out 分发on the one hand.on the other hand 一方面另一方第 27 页/共 47 页面a handful of 少量的live a happy life 过幸福生活do harm to 损害，伤害a good harvest 一个好收成keep ones head 保持镇静in good health 身体好learn / know sth. by heart 记住某事keep a tight hold on

54、sth. 紧握某物catch / take / get hold of 握住；抓住hold ones head high 趾高气扬the summer holidays 暑假on holiday 休假in honour of 为(向)表示敬意；为了纪念have high hope for sb. 对某人抱很大希望in the hope of doing sth. 怀着的希望第 28 页/共 47 页be in hospital 住院an hour or so 大约一小时go hungry 挨饿go hunting 打猎in a hurry 匆匆忙忙have no idea 不知道if only

55、 但愿，要是就好了make a good impression on sb. 给某人留下好印象inch ones way forward 慢慢前进a friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难之交才是真朋友。inform sb. of sth. 告诉某人某事insist on doing 坚持要做inspect a factory 视察工厂an inspiring speech 激动人心的演讲in instant need of help 急需帮助第 29 页/共 47 页interrupt a conversation 打断谈话a letter of intr

56、oduction 介绍信receive an invitation 收到请帖a letter of invitation 邀请信tell a joke 讲笑话play a joke with sb. 和某人开玩笑make a journey 旅行to ones joy 使某人高兴的是dont judge a man by his looks. 不可以貌取人。a junior high school 初中just then 正在那时keep in touch with 与保持联系keep out of 使不进入the key to success 成功的秘诀kick the door 踢门kic

57、k off ones shoes 踢掉鞋子第 30 页/共 47 页go down / fall on ones knees 跪下knock at the door 敲门at the latest 最迟，至迟sooner or later 迟早burst into laughter 哈哈大笑起来break / obey the law 违(守)法make a law 制定一条法律lay the table 摆设餐具 (准备吃饭 ) lead a simple life 过着简朴的生活leave out 忽略，遗漏attend a lecture on 听关于的讲座teach sb. a les

58、son 给某人一个教训take a lesson from 从中吸取教训let out a cry of surprise 惊讶地叫了一声let out the news 透露消息第 31 页/共 47 页a capital letter 大写字母lie on ones back / stomach 仰卧 /俯卧come back to life 复活，苏醒过来traffic lights 交通信号灯make a shopping list 列一张购物清单make a living 谋生，度日lose ones life 丧生，死；牺牲lose heart 泄气；灰心lose ones voi

59、ce 失音lose a game 输一场wish you good luck. 祝你好运。a washing machine 洗衣机be mad with joy 欣喜若狂send the parcel by mail 邮寄包裹make money 赚钱make friends 交朋友第 32 页/共 47 页make progress 取得进步make use of 利用make up a story 编造故事make up for ones mistake 弥补某人的过失have good manners 有礼貌a trade mark 商标full marks 满分watch a bas

60、ketball match 观看一场篮球比赛have a match 进行比赛may you success. 祝你成功。may day 五一节by this means 通过这种方式by means of 用方法，依靠by no means 决不make.to ones measure 按尺寸做第 33 页/共 47 页take a measure 采取措施measure ones height 量身高get a gold medal 获得金牌a medical team 医疗队medical examination 体检take / have some medicine 吃药meet th