SessionEnvironmentalProtection学习课程

1、Points for Discussion Major environmental problems confronting human beings Possible Solutions to these problems International cooperation NT Exercises第1页/共24页第一页，编辑于星期六：二十点 十四分。Major environmental problems confronting human beings1.Global warming/Greenhouse effect2.Depletion of the ozone layer3.Soi

2、l erosion4.Desertification5.Air pollution6.Water crisis7.Loss of bio-diversity and accelerating extinction of species8.Acid rain9.Increase of garbage10. Contamination caused by hazardous chemicals. 第2页/共24页第二页，编辑于星期六：二十点 十四分。Possible Solutions? Use of renewable energy instead of fossil fuel, such as

3、 solar power(太阳能) wind power(风能) biomass power(生物质能) geothermal power (地热能) tidal and wave power(海洋能) hydropower(水能) Cap-and-trade第3页/共24页第三页，编辑于星期六：二十点 十四分。Possible Solutions Afforestation and water conservation 第4页/共24页第四页，编辑于星期六：二十点 十四分。Possible Solutions Waste water treatment 第5页/共24页第五页，编辑于星期六：

4、二十点 十四分。Possible Solutions Proper disposal and treatment of garbage source reduction first,recycling and composting second,disposal in landfills or waste combustors last第6页/共24页第六页，编辑于星期六：二十点 十四分。International Cooperation United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC ) 联合国气候变化框架公约 Ky

5、oto Protocol 京都议定书 Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer 关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书第7页/共24页第七页，编辑于星期六：二十点 十四分。The 2009 United Nations Climate Change ConferenceOr commonly known as the Copenhagen Summit, was held in Copenhagen, Denmark, between 7 December and 18 December. 第8页/共24页第八页，编辑

6、于星期六：二十点 十四分。The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference The Accord, drafted by, on the one hand, the United States and on the other, in a united position as the BASIC countries, China, India, South Africa and Brazil, is not legally binding and does not commit countries to agree to a binding s

7、uccessor to the Kyoto Protocol, whose present round ends in 2012.第9页/共24页第九页，编辑于星期六：二十点 十四分。Listing of Proposed Actions第10页/共24页第十页，编辑于星期六：二十点 十四分。Main Geographic Features of China第11页/共24页第十一页，编辑于星期六：二十点 十四分。Environmental IssuesSoil problems and river cessationWater pollutionAir pollutionCarbon emi

8、ssions & global warmingThe Xinhua News Agency has quoted an environmental official, Wang Jinnan, as saying that more than 410,000 Chinese die as a result of pollution each year Since 2002, the number of complaints to the environmental authorities has increased by 30% every year; while the number

9、 of mass protests caused by environmental issues has grown by 29% every year. 第12页/共24页第十二页，编辑于星期六：二十点 十四分。I. Soil Problems & River Cessation Approximately 30% of Chinas surface area is desert. Chinas rapid industrialization could cause this area to drastically increase. The Gobi Desert in the n

10、orth currently expands by about 950 square miles (2,500 km2) per year.Tu: Soil第13页/共24页第十三页，编辑于星期六：二十点 十四分。I. Soil Problems & River Cessation In the past 50 years, exploitation in the form of dams and other irrigation infrastructure have all but halted the rivers natural course, threatening to d

11、ry up the entire river valley. The cessation of river flows, or flow stoppages, has surged since the 1980s due to increased water usage and waste. In 1997, the lower Yellow River did not flow 230 days out of the year, an increase of over 2000% since 1988. Shui: River第14页/共24页第十四页，编辑于星期六：二十点 十四分。第15页

12、/共24页第十五页，编辑于星期六：二十点 十四分。II. Water Pollution Approximately 300 million nationwide have no access to clean water. Over 700 million Chinese drink fetid water below World Health Organization standards. Almost 90% of underground water in cities are affected by pollution 80% of Chinas rivers fail to meet

13、 standards for fishing. 90% of urban water bodies are severely polluted. Shui: Water第16页/共24页第十六页，编辑于星期六：二十点 十四分。第17页/共24页第十七页，编辑于星期六：二十点 十四分。III. Air Pollution According to Chinas own evaluation, 2/3 of the 338 cities for which air-quality data are available are considered polluted. Acid rain falls

14、 on 30% of the country. Respiratory & heart diseases related to air pollution are the leading cause of death in China. About 750,000 people die prematurely each year from respiratory problems in China (WHO).Kong Qi: Air第18页/共24页第十八页，编辑于星期六：二十点 十四分。第19页/共24页第十九页，编辑于星期六：二十点 十四分。第20页/共24页第二十页，编辑于星期

15、六：二十点 十四分。IV. Carbon Emissions & Global Warming On June 19, 2007, the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency announced, on the basis of an analysis of fossil fuel consumption (including especially the coal power plants) and cement production data, that China surpassed the United States as the worlds largest emitter of carbon dioxide, putting out 6,200 million tons, in comparison with Americas 5,800 million.第21页/共24页第二十一页，编辑于星期六：二十点 十四分。REN: H