浅谈英语的形容词和副词

1、08浅谈英语的形容词和副词英语的形容词和副词在语法结构中主要用于原级、比较级和最高级。形容词和副词的构成形式基本上一样，他们的形式与单咅节、双音节、多咅节有关，当 然还有它特殊形式.形容词和副词的基本用法分为同级比较、比较级和最高级三 种形式.但这三种形式都有它们的特殊的表达方式以及他们的惯用法.对以卜要 点人家要一一掌握.第一节 形容词的比较级和最高级的形式一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成1. 般单音节词末尾加er或esl,如strong一stronger一strongest long一longer一longest2. 单音节词如果以e 结mjujhr 或st,亦：strangestrange

2、r一strangest nice一 nicernicest3以重读闭咅节结尾且末尾只有一个辅咅字母，应先双写这个辅咅字母，再力fler 或est,如：bigbiggerbiggest thinthinnerthinnest4.少数双音节词末尾加er或est （以y结尾的词，如果y前是辅音字母，把y 变i 再力her 或est）女口： angryangrierangriest clevercleverercleverest5 .其他双音节词和多音节词都在前面加more和mo st,如:different一more different一most differentcomfortablemore c

3、omfortablemost comfortable例句：改错：1）the most high mountain in the world is mount everest,which is situated innepal and is twenty-nine thousand and ft）ilyone feet high.（正确答案： 将most high 改为 highest）2）this book is interestinger than that one i bought in rapid city last year*.（正 确答案:winterestinger 改为more

4、interesting）3）doing english project is often differenter than doing math project everyday.（正确答案:将differenter 改为more different）二、形容词的比较级或最高级的特殊形式：1 三个或三个以上音节的形容词只能加more或most.只能说more beautiful而不能说beautifuller,只能说the most beautiful 而不能说beautifullest.但是，以形容词前缀un结尾的三音节形容词不适和上述情况，如unhappy,untidy 可以说:unhap

5、piei*unhappiest,untidieruntidiest2. 由ing分词和ed分词演变过来的形容词（包拈不规则动词如know- known） 只能加more或most来表示他们的比较级和最高 级.more（most）interesting,more（most）wounded 等.例句:the student in high school are tireder than those in primary school.（正确答案:将tireder 改为more tired）3. 英语里有些形容词由于其意义而不能有比较级形式，如:possible, whole等.三、不规则形容词的比

6、较级和最高级good/well一betterbestbad/ill一worse一worstmany/muchmoremost littlelessleast08farfarther一farthestfurther一furthest注意:形容词的最高级前必须加t h e.例句:改错：1）african elephants are larger and difficulter to tame than asian elephants（正确 答案:将difficulter 改为more difficult）2）of all the students in class six, li ming is

7、a hardest.（正确答案:将a 改为the） 第二节副词的比较级和最高级的形式副词的比较级和最高级的变化形式和形容词的变化形式基木一样如:hard一harder一hardest fast一fasterfastest ； late一later一latest early一earlier arliest 特殊副词如下:well一betterbest much一more一most； badly一worseworst littleless一least但是以后缀ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加er或est,如而应该加more或 most 构成比较级或最高级，如:quicklymore quickly

8、一most quickly quietlymore quietly一most quickly（注ready中的ly不是后缀,所以把y变i再加er和est） 第三节 形容词和副词的等级的基本用法一、原级比较的基木用法原级比较由fs+形容词或副词+a雷构成比较，表示两者比较其否定形式为“not as/词或副词+ as：如:mary is not as good as her sister at math. so she worksharder than her； our classroom is as big as theirs now； lucy is not so healthy aslily

9、.her mother often tells her to do more exercise.二、比较级的基本用法1. 比较级由“形容词或副词的比较级+than+r,构成，表示两者/方比较.than 后面可以接句子，也可以接名词代词动词ing等（注意:有时可以省去than）如：单选:l）she is older thana. any other girl in the classb. any girl in the classc. all girls in the class（正确答案:a）2. 注意than前后所比较的人或物要一致,必须同类比较.如：单选:2)tonfs hair is l

10、onger than.a.mike b.mike'sc.mike does(正确答案:b)3) sound travel sair>a. fa st er through water than throughbfaster than through water andc.through water faster and(正确答案:a)3. “the+形容词的比较级+of the two+?"形式，表示两者屮有一个最?，如：lucy is the older of the twins.of the two boys, jone is the better at chine

11、se.“the+比较级+?, the+比较级+?形式，表示“越?，越?厂，如：the harder you study, the better grades you will get.08the more beautiful our school is, the happier we will be.三、最高级的基本用法1.最高级用于三者或三者以上比较，句中常跟表示范围的短语或句子，如all, of all, in the world 等第.如:(1 ) the changjiang river is the longest river in china.(2) of all the star

12、s the moon is the nearest to us.(3) tom works(the)hardest in his class.(4) xiao ming is one of the tallest students in this school.(注意:再次提示，形容词的最高级的前面必加the,副词的最高级前面可以不 加the.如第一项的例句)第四节形容词和副词的特殊用法一、as+原级+as possible,如：don，t worry! i will get to your house as soon as possible.he has as many books as m

13、ary does.二、“the same+名词+as"表示同等比较，如：today tom wears the same clothes as i do.look! mary has the same haircut as linda.三、比较级前可以加a little, a bit, a lot, much, even等做修饰语，如:tom has made much more progress in geography this semester.the photos of mars taken by satellite are even clearer than those t

14、aken from the earth.第五节兼有两种形式的副词一、异形同义词，如slow与slowly quick与quicklyloud与loudly等第.这类动 词用于比较级时,多使用前者.仮i句：allen was walking quickly, but george was walking even quickerthe car went slower and slower until it came to a stop.lets see who can run quickest二、界形界义词，这类动词初中阶段学得很少,现举例说明.1 .hard adv.努力地 hardly adv.几乎没有例彳ij:he works hard all day.他整