21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册readingaloud

1、unit 1if great achievers share angthing, said simonton, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. "there's a tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal.11 he explained.11 but what comes out of the research is that there are great people who have no amazing intellectual

2、 processes it's a differenee in degree. greatness is built upon tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion.”he cited winston churchill, britain*s prime minister during world war ii, as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up. thrust into office when his country's morale wa

3、s at its lowest, churchill rose brilliantly to lead the british people. in a speech following the allied evacuati on at dun kirk in 1940, he inspired the nation when he said,11 we shall not flag or fail. we shall go on to the end. we shall never surrender.11unit 2some persons refrain from expressing

4、 their gratitude because they feel it will not be welcome, a patient of mine, a few weeks after his discharge from the hospital, came back to thank his nurse.h i didn't come back sooner,h he explainedbecause i imagined you must be bored to death with people thanking you/1,fon the contrary,11 she

5、 replied/1 i am delighted you came. few realize how much we need encouragement and how much we are helped by those who give it/1gratitude is something of which none of us can give too much. for on the smiles, the thanks we give, our little gestures of appreciation, our neighbors build up their philo

6、sophy of life.unit 3the normal western approach to a problem is to fight it. the saying, f,when the going gets tough, the tough get going,h is typical of this aggressive attitude toward problem-solving. no matter what the problem is, or the techniques available for solving it, the framework produced

7、 by our western way of thinking is fight. dr. de bono calls this vertical thinking; the traditional, sequential, aristotelian thinking of logic, moving firmly from one step to the next, like toy blocks being built one on top of the other. the flaw is, of course, that if at any point one of the steps

8、 is not reached, or one of the toy blocks is incorrectly placed, then the whole structure collapses. impasse is reached, and frustration, tension, feelings of fight take over.lateral thinking，dr. de bono says, is a new technique of thinking about thingsa technique that avoids this fight altogether,

9、and solves the problem in an entirely unexpected fashion.lateral thinking sounds simple and it is. once you have solved a problem laterally, you wonder how you could ever have been hung up on it. the key is making that vital shift in emphasis, that sidestepping of the problem, instead of attacking i

10、t head-on.dr. a. a. bridger, psychiatrist at columbia university and in private practice in new york, explains how lateral thinking works with his patients. ”many people come to me wanting to stop smoking, for instance,n he says. ”most people fail when they are trying to stop smoking because they wi

11、nd up telling themselves, fno, i will not smoke; no, 1 shall not smoke; no, i will not; no, i cannot.1 it's a fight and what happens is you end up smoking more.mso in stead of looking at the problem from the old ways of no, and fighti ng ity i show them a whole new point of viewthat you are your

12、 bod/s keeper, and your body is something through which you experienee life. if you stop to think about it, there's really somethi ng helpless about your body. it can do nothing for itself .it has no choice, it is like a bab/s body. you begin then a whole new way of looking at it1 am now going t

13、o take care of myself, and give myself some respect and protection, by not smoking.'uunit 4when a student's work did not measure up to the teacher's expectations, as often happe ned, the student was not treated with disappoi ntment, an ger, or anno yance i nstead, the teacher assumed tha

14、t this was an exception, an accident, a bad day, a momentary slip 一 and the student believed her and felt reassured. the next time around, he tried harder, determined to live up to what the teacher knew he could do.the exact part of communication that tells a child, f,l expect the best,11 is difficu

15、lt to pinpoint. in part it consists of a level tone showing assurance, a lack of verbal impatienee, an absenee of negative qualities such as irony, put-downs, and irritation. the teacher who expects the best asks her questions with conviction, knowing the answers she gets will be right, and the chil

16、d picks up that conviction.unit 5i have often reflected upon the new vistas that reading opened to me. i knew right there in prison that reading had changed forever the course of my life. as i see it today, the ability to read awoke inside me some long dormant craving to be mentally alive i certainl

17、y wasn't seeking any degree, the way a college confers a status symbol upon its students. my homemade education gave me, with every additional book that i read, a little bit more sensitivity to the deafness, dumbness, and blindness that was afflicting the black race in america not long ago, an e

18、nglish writer telephoned me from london, asking questions. one was, hwhat's your alma mater?h i told him, "booksyou will never catch me with a free fifteen minutes in which pm not studying something i feel might be able to help the black manunit 6eq is not the opposite of iq some people are

19、 blessed with a lot of both, some with little of either. what researchers have been trying to understand is how they complement each other; how one's ability to handle stress, for instanee, affects the ability to concentrate and put intelligence to use. among the ingredients for success, researc

20、hers now gen erally agree that iq counts for about 20%; the rest depe nds on everything from class to luck to the neural pathways that have developed in the brain over millions of years of human evolution.unit 7as a child, i identified so strongly with my mother that i thought my father was just a i

21、ong-term house guest with spanking privileges she and i are bookish, introverted worriers. my father is an optimist who has never had a sleepless night in his life.like most fathers and sons, we fought. but there was no cooling-off period between rounds. it was a cold war lasti ng from the on set of

22、 my adolesce nee un til i went off to college in 1973hated him. he was a former navy fighter pilot, with an irish temper and a belief that all the problems of the world一including an overprotected son who never saw anything through to completioncould be cured by the application of more discipline.uni

23、t 8now, it must be obvious what all this has to do with you. eventually, like the rest of us, you must be on one side or the other. you must be an athenian or a visigoth. of course, it is much harder to be an athenian, for you must learn how to be one, you must work at being one, whereas we are all, in a way, natural-born visigoths. that is why there are so many more visigoths than athenians. and i must tell you that you do not become an athenian merely by attending school or accumulating degrees my father-in-law was one of the most committed athenians i h