高一英语必修三语法复习被动语态

1、高一英语必修三语法复习- 被动语态二 .重难点讲解：高一英语必修三中的主要语法点有：被动语态，动词不定式和定语从句，另外仍涉及了主谓一样、间接引语及连接词的用法；被动语态专题复习（一）被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化；以do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：（1） am/is/are +done（过去分词）一般现在时例 visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.（ 2） has /have been done现在完成时例 alltheprep

2、arationsforthetaskhave been completed,and we're ready to start.（3） am/is /are being done现在进行时例 a new cinema is being built here.（4） was/were done一般过去时例 i was given ten minutes to decide whether i should reject theoffer.（5） had been done过去完成时例 by theend oflastyear,anothernew gymnasium had been co

3、mpleted in beijing.（6） was/were being done过去进行时 例 a meeting was being held when i was there.（7） shall/will be done一般将来时例 hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.（8） should/would be done过去将来时例 the news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.（9） shall/will have bee

4、n done将来完成时（少用）例 the project will have been completed before july.（10） should/would have been done过去将来完成时（少用）例 he told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.2. 被动语态的特别结构形式（1）带情态动词的被动结构；其形式为：情态动词be过去分词； 例 the baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.（ 2）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结

5、构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍旧保留在谓语后面；通常变为主语的是间接宾语；例 his mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 he was given a present by his mother for his birthday.（ 3）当" 动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语 " 结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动；例 someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为 the boy was caught smoking a cigar

6、ette.（ 4）在使役动词have,make, get 以及感官动词see, watch,notice,hear,feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to ；例 someone saw a strangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为 a stranger was seen to walk into the building.（ 5）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如" 动词介词 " ， " 动词副词 "等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开；其中的

7、介词或副词也不能省略；例 the meeting is to be put off till friday.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被动语态（一般时态和完成时态）；例 i don't like being laughed at in the public.（二）如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，仍要知道在哪些情形中使用被动语态；1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者（这时可省by短语）；例 my bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者；例 i was

8、 given ten minutes to decide whether i should accept theoffer.3. 为了更好地支配句子；例thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwas immediately recognized by people.（一个主语就够了）（三） it is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示 " 据说 " 或 " 信任 " 的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say, suppose, think等可以用于句型"it be过去分

9、词 that从句 " 或" 主语 be过去分词to do sth."；有：itissaid that.据说，itisreportedthat.据报道， itisbelievedthat.大家信任， itishoped that.大家期望， itiswellknown that. 众所周知， it is thought that.大家认为， it is suggested that.据建议；例 itissaidthattheboy has passed thenationalexam. （ the boy is said to have passed the nat

10、ional exam.）（四）谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1. 英语中有许多动词如break ， catch ， clean ， drive，lock ， open， sell，read ，write， wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特点时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物；例 this kind of cloth washes well.留意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特点，而被动语态就强调外界作用造成的影响；试比较： the door won't lock.（指门本身有毛病）the doorwon'tbe locked.（指不会有人来锁门，指&q

11、uot; 门没有锁 " 是人的缘由）2. 表示 " 发生、进行 " 的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last,take place, breakout, come out, come about, cometrue, runout, giveout, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义；例 how do the newspapers come out.这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义；例 your re

12、ason sounds reasonable.（五）非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义；1. 在 need，want ，require,hear 等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式；例 the house needs repairing（ to be repaired） . 这房子需要修理；2. 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而 worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式；例 the picture-book is well worth reading.（ the p

13、icture-book is very worthy to be read.）3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义；例 i have a lot of things to do this afternoon.（ to do与 things是动宾关系，与i 是主谓关系； ）试比较： i'llgo to the post office.do you have a letterto be posted.（此处用不定式的被动语态作定语说明you 不是 post 动作的执行者； ）4. 在某些 "

14、; 形容词不定式" 做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的规律宾语时，这经常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义；这些形容词有nice ，easy ，fit，hard ，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant， interesting等；例 this problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了 for me ） .5. 在 too. to.结构中，不定式前面可加规律主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义；例 this book is too expensive（ for

15、me ） to buy.6. 在 therebe.句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物；例 thereisno timetolose （tobe lost） . （用 tolose可看成 forus to lose；用 to be lost，谁 lost time不明确；）7. 在 be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动，被动表被动；然 而，由于古英语的影响，以下动词 rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义；例 who is to blame for starting the fire.（六）介词

16、in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词；1. "under +名词 " 结构，表示 " 某事在进行中" ；常见的有：under control（受掌握） , under treatment （在治疗中） , under repair （在修理中） , under discussion（在争论中） , under construction（在施工中） ；例 the building is under construction（ is

17、being constructed） .2."beyond+ 名词 " 结构， " 出乎 . 赛过 . 、范畴、限度 " ；常见的有： beyond belief （令人难以置信） ， beyond one's reach （鞭长莫及） ， beyond one's control （无法掌握） ， beyond our hope. 我们的胜利始料不及；例 the rumour is beyond belief（ =can't be believed）.3."above+ 名词 " 结构， 表示 "（

18、品质、行为、才能等） 超过 .、高于 ."；例 his honestcharacterisabove allpraise.=hishonestcharactercannot be praised enough.4."for+名词 " 结构， 表示 " 适于 .、 为着 ."；如： forsale （出售） , for rent（出租）等；例 that house is for sale.（ = that house is to be sold） .5."in+名词 " 结构，表示 " 在.过程中或范畴内"

19、 常见的有： inprint （在印刷中）， in sight（在视野范畴内） ，等；例 the book is not yet in print.（ =is not yet printed）6."on+ 名词 " 结构 ,表示 " 在从事 .中" ；常见的有： on sale（出售），on show （展出） , on trial（受审）；例 today some treasures are on show in the museum（ = are being showed） .7."out of+名词 " 结构； 表示 "

20、; 超出 .之外 " ，常见的有：out of control（掌握不了） ， out of sight（超出视线之外） ， out of one's reach（够不着） , out of fashion（不流行）等；例 the plane was out of control（ can't be controlled） .；8."within+名词 " 结构， " 在.内、不超过 ."；例 he took two days off within the teacher's permission.（七）被动语态与系表结

21、构的区分当"be+ 过去分词 " 作被动语态时表示主语承担的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be 后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词；其区分 方法如下：1. 假如强调动作或句中有介词by 引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否就为系表结构；例 the glass is broken.（系表结构）the glass was broken by the boy.（被动语态）2. 假如句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态；例 the door is locked.（系表结构）the door has already/just been locked.（

22、被动语态）3. 被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，仍可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be 只有一般时态和完成时态；例 the machine is being repaired.【典型例题】1. 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析（ 1） insome partsof the world,tea withmilkand sugar.（ nmet1993）a. is servingb. is servedc. servesd. served（ 2） this is ted's phone. we miss him a lot. he trying to save a child i

23、n the earthquake.（ nmet2002）a. killedb. is killedc. was killedd. was killing（3） - have you moved into the new house.- not yet, the rooms .（nmet1991）a. are being paintedb. are paintingc. are painted d. are being painting（4） when and where to go for the on-salary holiday yet.（上海春 2003）a. are not decid

24、edb. have not been decidedc. is not being decided d. has not been decided（ 5 ） the manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets .（上海春2001）a. was bookedb. had been bookedc. were bookedd. have been booked答案： bcadb2. 高考对非谓语动词语态的考查当非谓语动词的规律主语为动作的承担者时,须用被动式；弄清非谓语动词与其规

25、律主语之间的执行与承担关系是把握非谓语动词语态的关键；（1） having a tripabroadiscertainlygood fortheoldcouple,but it remains whether they will enjoy it.（ nmet2002）a. to see b. to be seenc. seeingd. seen（ 2） while shopping, people sometimes can't help into buying something they don't really need.（上海 1996）a. to persuaded

26、b. persuadingc. being persuadedd. be persuaded（3） i feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child.（上海 2002）a. is to blame b. is going to blamec. is to be blamedd. should blame答案： bca练一练：1. the computers on the table professor smith.a. belongsb. are belonged toc. belongs tod. belong to2. -what do

27、 you think of the book.-oh, excellent. it's worth a second time.a. to readb. to be read c. readingd. being read3. the squirrel was lucky that it just missed .a. catchingb. to be caughtc. being caughtd. to catch4. this page needed again.a. being checkedb. checkedc. to checkd. to be checked5. many

28、 times, the boy still didn't know how to do the exercisesa. having taughtb. having been taughtc. taughtd. teaching答案： dccdb【模拟试题】1. if city noises from increasing， people shout to be heard even at dinner.a. are not kept； will have tob. are not kept； havec. do not keep； will have tod. do not keep

29、； have to2. the fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are and perfected now.a. developedb. have developedc. are being developedd. will have been developed3. - the sports meet might be put off.-yes ，it all depends on the weather.a. i've been toldb. i've toldc. i'm told

30、d. i told4. i need one more stamp before my collection .a. has completedb. completesc. has been completedd. is completed5. rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.a. cutb. are cutc. are being cutd. had been cut6. the new suspension bridge by the end of last month.a. has been designedb. had been designedc. was designedd. would be designed7. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it .a. breaks b. has brokenc. was bro