2022年介词加关系代词定语从句

1、精品资料欢迎下载“介词 + 关系代词 ”引导的定语从句“介词 +关系代词”型定语从句五大考点“介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点, 近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势；在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和 whom ；如先行词是物，引导词用which ；如先行词是人，就引导词用whom ；如：this is the ship by which i went to shanghai. this is the student for whom i bought the book.考点 1 简洁介词 +关系代词学问归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物

2、时只能用which ；介词挑选的依据主要是依据从句中的动词、 形容词、 名词与介词的固定搭配 而定； 或者 以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者 以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且 含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍旧放在动词之后；（1） 依据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词或介词搭配，构成动词短语；例如：is this the car for which you paid a high price. pay forin the dark street, there wasn helpt a single personto whom she could turn fo

3、r help. turn to sb forthe man with whom you shook hands just now is our english teacher. shake hands with sb（2） 依据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语；例如：the two thingsabout which karl marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. be sure aboutthe teacher of whom the students in our class ar

4、e fond is mr wang, our english teacher. be fond of（3） 依据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、缘由、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有肯定的联系；当“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、缘由状语时，可分别用when, where, why替换；例如：i ” ll never forget the dayon which =when i joined the army.the factory in which =where his father works is far away from my hometo

5、wn. i don” t know the reason for which =why he was late.（4） 依据句子的意思确定介词；有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语构成的，这时，要依据句子所要表达的意思，选用不同的介词；例如：this is the pilot for whom i bought a camera.this is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years. this is the pilot by whom my son was saved.1. 2004 全国卷

6、the journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,the sailing time was 226 days.a. of whichb. during whichc. from whichd. for which解析：关系代词 which 指代 the journey, 定语从句复原为独立的句子是： the sailing time of the journey was 226 days. 故答案选 a ；2. 2004 全国卷 the english playmy students acted at the new ye

7、ar's party was a greatsuccess.a. for whichb. at whichc. in whichd. on which解析：本句主句部分应是the english play at the new year's party was a great success. 从句补全为独立的句子是 :my students acted in the play.故答案选 c；3. 2004 上海卷 american women usually identify their best friend as someonethey can talk frequent

8、ly.a. whob. asc. about whichd. with whom解析：先行词为 someone,被关系代词 whom 代替在从句中作 talk with的宾语，介词with 可以放在关系代词之前，identify.as. 意为“把当作” ，故答案选 d；考点 2 复杂介词 +关系代词学问归纳： 用于此结构的关系代词有which,whom, whose；常用于该结构的复杂介词有： as a result of, at the back of, because of, by means of, for want of, in front of, in case of, on acc

9、ount of 等；例如：we got to a house at the back of which was a large garden.is there a certain test by means of which the no. 1 will be decided.考点 3 简洁介词 +关系代词 +名词学问归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which, whose ；介词的挑选取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义；高考考例：1995 上海 in the office, i never seem to have time untilafter 5:30 p.m.time many peo

10、ple have gone home.a. whoseb. thatc. on whichd. by which解析：介词 by 表示时间的意思是“到那时为止”；这句话的意思是“在办公室里，我好像直到下午 5：30 才有空，那时很多人都已经回家了”；故答案选 d ；考点 4 the+ 名词 +of+ 关系代词学问归纳：用于此结构的关系代词只有which ；该结构表示全部关系 , 口语中常用“ whose +名词”代替；非正式文体中可以用“of which the + 名词”； 高考考例：2000 上海 recently i bought an ancient chinese vase,was

11、very reasonable.a. which priceb. the price of whichc. its priced. the price of whose解析： 答案选 b ；此题就是一个考查the+ 名词+of+ 关系代词结构的一个典型例子；这里the price of which 指代 the price of the vase, 答案也可以是whose price ；考点 5 表示部分的词语of 关系代词学问归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom,指物的关系代词只能是which ；表示部分的词语常见的有： 不定代词 all, both, none, neither, ei

12、ther, some, any, 数词 含基数词， 序数词， 分数和百分数 ；数词 +名词；the+最高级 /比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter；高考考例：1. 2004 湖北卷 there are two buildings,stands nearly a hundred feet high.a. the largerb. the larger of themc. the larger one thatd. the larger of which解析：答案为 d ；the larger of

13、which 指代 the larger of the two buildings; b选项缺少一个连词；2. 2004 辽宁卷 the factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%are sold abroad.a. of whichb. which ofc. of themd. of that解析：答案为 a ；80% of which 指代的是 80% of the shoes；此题意为：这家工厂每年生产的50 万双鞋子有 80%都是销往国外的；“介词 关系代词 ”引导的定语从句常见错误我们在学习定语从句时,经

14、常会看到 " 介词 +关系代词 " 引导的定语从句,即把从句中的某一介词或介词短语提到关系代词前.使用这类定语从句时 ,经常会显现五类错误 .现在归纳如下：一、关系词的误用1. the person to who you should write is mr hall. whom2. i lost the book in that there are five color pictures. which3. the day on when we can send men into space has at last come. which4. he went back to

15、 the house in where he was born twenty years ago. which简析 :当介词位于从句的句首时 ,介词后一般用关系代词 whom 指人,如 1 不行为 who 所代替 或 which 指物 , 如 2.先行词即使为表示时间或地点的名词 ,介词后也不能用 when 或where,如 3 和 4.不过 ,留意介词 from 有时依据句意的需要 ,也可以接 where.如:he hid himself behind the door, from where he saw the man take a photo of something on thede

16、sk.他躲在门后面 ,从那里他观察那个人拍照了桌子上的什么东西一下.指 frombehind the door" 从门后面 ", 并非指 from the door" 从门 "二、拆开从句中极固定的动词搭配5. he was the boy after whom the woman had looked for many years. whom the woman hadlooked after for many years简析 :如将定语从句中搭配极为固定的短语中的介词提前,其中的短语可能会失去它们本身的意义或可能使句子产生歧义,如 look afte

17、r, look for, depend on, go in for 沉迷 等短语 .三、介词与定语从句所修饰的先行词搭配不当6. the farm in which we worked ten years ago isn't what it used to be. on7. she wanted to find the way with which she could make everyone live more happily. in简析 :6. on the farm 为习惯搭配 ,表示 " 在农场 "7. in 与 way 搭配 ,表示 "用方法

18、,以 方式 ".四、介词与定语从句中的谓语部分搭配不当8. in the dark street, there wasn't a single person from whom she could turn for help. to9. this is the tree in which the boat was tied. to10. can you find an object with which your toy is similar. to简析 :8. turn to sb. for help 表示 "向某人求助 "9. tie 与 to 连用

19、,表示 "拴/ 系到上 "10. similar 与 to 搭配 ,表示" 与相像 ".五、介词与句子的详细含义搭配不当11. i can't remember the age in which i won that prize. at12. that is the age at which people live in peace and happy. in简析 :依据全句意义 ,11 中的 age 作" 年岁 " 解,应与 at 搭配;12 中的 age 表示" 时期,时代 ", 应与 in 搭配.练习

20、：用适当的“介词 +关系代词”填空；1. we have many labs, the largestwas built last year.2. the strange force is gravitythe earth pulls all bodies.3. the english playmy students acted at the new year ” s party was a great success.4. he offered us a lot of moneywe couldn ” t buy these machines.5. now we have very powe

21、rful telescopeswe can study the skies.1. i don t think the number of peoplethis happens is very large.a. whomb. to whomc. on whomd. which2. the school has 3,000 students,1,800 are men.a. whoseb. of whomc. thatd. of which3. recently i bought an ancient chinese vase,was very reasonable.a. which priceb

22、. the price of whichc. its priced. the price of whose4. the gentlemanyou told me yesterday proved to be a thief.a. whob. about whomc. whomd. with whom5. she wrote a lot of stories for children,this is one example.a. in whichb. of whichc. among themd. of them6. he offered us a lot of moneywe couldn t

23、 buy these machines.a. without whichb. with thatc. with whichd. without that7. mary,for help, has gone to england.a. who i can go tob. whom i can goc. to whom i can god. i can go to8. now we have very powerful telescopeswe can study the skies.a. in whichb. with whichc. through whichd. by which9. the

24、 manshe was married was a soldier.a. whomb. to whomc. with whomd. who10. tom,i went to the concert, is a friend of mine.a. whomb. whoc. with whomd. whose1. yesterday mr. li finally bought his own house,is a hospital.a. in whereb. to the east of whichc. to the east of itd. in the east of that2. my br

25、other's purse,he put￥ 1,000, was missing on the bus.a. thereb. whichc. in whichd. that3. the football matchthe students competed yesterday was very wonderful.a. in which b. which c. in that d. that4. the reasonhe was late again was that he was caught in a traffic jam in the rush hour.a. which b.

26、 in which c. for which d. of which5. his glasses,he could see nothing, was taken away by a naughty boy.a. which b. without which c. with which d. without those6. the computer,he paid￥ 3,000, was once owned by his uncle.a. which b. for which c. that d. to that7. in the past we lost many chances,we pa

27、id little attention.a. whichb. thatc. in whichd. to which8. the pen,i had been writing for ten years, was broken.a. with whichb. with thatc. asd. with it9. mary has two brothers,are doctors.a. both of theyb. both of whomc. both of themd. whom of both10. the problemyou argued about yesterday has been solved.a. thatb. whatc. whyd. for which11. my aunt bought me a book, the namei have forgotten.a. of itb. whichc. whosed. of which12. on the way home i met my friend john,