独立主格结构-五分钟学会

1、独立主格结构-五分钟学会！ ！!编辑本段独立主格结构(independent genitive)独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的i些词。前后两部分具有逻辑主 谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做迖超？多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。独立主格结构的功能辿立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随悄况 等。例如：1) 表示时间the meeting being over, all of us went home.开完会后我们都回家了。her work

2、 done, she sat down for a cup of tea.她 f完了活，坐下来喝茶。2) 表示条件the condition being favourable, he may succeed.若条件冇利，他或许能成功。3) 表示原因there being no taxis, we had to walk.没有出租车，我们只好步行。he wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty.夜乂黑乂冷，所以他把她裹御严严实实的。4) 表示伴随情况almost all metals are good cond

3、uctors, silver being the best of all.几乎所冇的金屈都是夷导体，而银则是城好的导 体。(=almost all metals are good con ductors, and silver is the best of all.)常见的独立主格结构有如下几种：1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如：the girl staring at him (= as the girl stared at him), he didn*t know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什 么好。time permittin

4、g (= if time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游。2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如：the problems solved (= as the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决.质竝已 经捉离了。her glasses broken (= because her glasses were broken), she couldryt see the words on th

5、e blackboard ill t 眼镜摔坏了，妲看不见黑板上的字。3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如：he is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help.借助于一些111零件，他要做一个飞机模型。they said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore怖h门道另9后,彳、回 了家, 一个去了书店。4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。如：an air acciden

6、t happened to the plane, nobody alive.那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生述。so many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.这么多人缺席.会议不紂不取消。5. 名词/主格代词+副词。如：he put on his sweater wrong side out.他把毛衣穿反了。the meeting over, they all went home.会议一结束,他们就都回家了。6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语。如：the boy goes to the classroom, book in hand.那

7、男孩手里京若书去教室。mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door.玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。7. there being +名词(代词)如：there being nothing else to do, we went home.没有别的事可做,我们就回家了。there being no further business, i declare the meeting closed.没有再要讨论的事了，我宜布散会。& it being十名词(代词)如it being christmas, the governmen

8、t offices were closed.由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。it being a holiday, all the shops were shut.由于今天足假日，所有商店都关门了。独立主格结构的特点：1) 独立主格结构的逻输主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2) 名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。3) 独立主格结构-般有逗号与主句分开。举例：the test finished, we began our holiday.=when the test was finished, we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假。

9、the preside nt assassi naled, the whole country was in deep sorrow.=after the preside nt was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。this done, we went home工作完成后，我们才回家。the meeti ng gone over, every on

10、e tired to go home earlier.会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。he came into the room, his ears red with cold他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。he came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆注独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with。如：don't sleep with the windows open.别开若窗睡觉。he was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上。she c

11、ame in with a book in her hand.她手里拿着一本书走了进來。he fell asleep with the lamp burning.他没熄灯就睡着了。i won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因为妈妈有病,我无法去度假。he sat there with his eyes closed.他闭目坐在那儿。all the afternoon he worked with the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。i can't go out with all

12、these clothes to wash.要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。使用独立主格四点注意：独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不 再保留连词。如：after class was over (=class being over / class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后， 学生很快离开了课室。2. 不能省略being (having been)的惜形在下列两种惜况下，独立主格结构中的being (或having been)不能省略。(1) 独立主格的逻辑主语

13、是代词时。如：it being sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天,我们去了做礼拜。(2) 在there being +名词的结构中。如 there being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车,所以 我们不得不步行回家。3. 通常不用物主代词或冠词在“名词(或代词+介词短语穴构成的独立主格结构中.一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。 如 miss smith entered the classroom, book in hand史密斯小姐走进了课室,手里拿着一本书。比较with的复合结构。 女口： miss smi

14、th entered the classroom, with a book in her hand.4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式the chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting.主编來了，我们开始开会。(比较动 名词复合结构。)独立主格结构的用法独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。1用作时间状语：the work done (=after the work had been done), we went home.工作完成后.我们就回家了。2用作条件状语:weather permittin

15、g (=lf weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如 果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。3. 用作原因状语:an important lecture to be given tomorrow (=as an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲.教授不紂不熬夜到很晚。4. 用作伴随状语：he was lying on

16、 the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。5表示补充说明:we redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。*注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，和当于一个状语从句，i般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末：表伴随状 况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。独立主格结构妙题赏析诸看下而一道题：not far from the sch

17、ool there was a garden, owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.a. its b. whose c. which d. that【分析】此题很容易误选b许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句，whose在定语从句中用作定语修饰 其后的名词owner。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，原因是空格后根木不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。 尽管句中有两个动词，但它们都足非谓语动词。也许有的同学认为，其中的seated可视为谓语动词，但是注意，seat用

18、作动 词时，它总是及物的，其后耍么接宾语，耍么它就用于被动语态，所以若在seated前加上助动词is,则可以选择b (当然若 将seated改为sitting,也应选择b)。所以此题战佳答案选a。请再看一个类似的例子：(1) he wrote a lot of novels, many of translated into foreign ianguagesa. it b. them c. this d that(2) he wrote a lot of no vels, many of were tr an slated into foreig n ian guages.a it b. them c. which d. that第应选b而不能选c,是因为句中的translated是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选c.则该从句无谓语；第(2)应选c, 该句是典型的非限制性定语从句，因为该句修饰的是前而的novels, 物，所以只能用which做of的宾语，故本题选c*再请看下面1例:(3) he wrote a lot of novels, and many of were translated into foreign languagesa. it b. them c which d. that【分析】此题与上而的第(2)题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词