2022年考研英语阅读理解解题技巧推理题

1、学习必备欢迎下载考研英语阅读懂得解题技巧 推理题推理引申题主要测试考生理清上下文规律关系的才能，要求考生领悟所读材料中句子之 间的规律关系， 并且依据材料供应的已知信息进行分析、归纳和推理； 判定推理才能对深刻懂得一篇文章特别重要，特殊是懂得作者字里行间的言外之意、作者的观点、 写作意图和态度；命题专家在命制此类试题时通常要求考生对文章或段落进行深层推理和懂得，不行能把试题的答案特别直接地暴露于选项中；因此考生应当留意把它与事实细节题区分开来，推理引申题必需以事实为依据，但是得出的结果又确定不是事实本身，即不能“就事论事”；跨考训练英语教研室吴老师在多年教学体会中发觉，推理引申题对一些基础比较

2、薄弱的 考生而言是一个难点， 考生好像对文章读懂了 可称之为“自我感觉良好” ， 然而在解题时却始终不知如何下手， 试题也做得不好； 这是考生没有领悟命题专家设置推理引申试题的用意的缘故； 事实上推理引申题考查的不仅是考生对字面意义的懂得，更要求考生透过文章的字里行间去估计作者未明说而又意欲表达的含义；解此类题， 考生应当依据文中的材料进行有关的判定、 推理和引申； 接下来跨考训练英语教研室吴老师就为考生具体讲解推理题的解题技巧；广义的推理引申题涵盖的范畴极其广泛；它既可以就总体信息也可以就具体或特定信息提问；总体提问通常包括文章主旨题、作者观点态度题; 局部提问通常指段落主旨题、推测词义 /

3、 句意题；但是为了突出这四种显现频率很高且带有典型性的题型，我们下面谈到的推理引申题是排除以上情形的狭义概念；命题模式狭义的推理引申题题干中常有infer， imply ， suggest ， deduce， conclude等词显现， 常见的命题模式有：(1) it can be inferred from the text/the last paragraph/the first sentence that.(2) we can infer assume, deduce that .(3) which of the following can not be inferred from th

4、e passage.4it is impliedindicated,suggestedinthepassage/thefirstparagraph/thesecond sentence/the example that .5by. the author implies suggests, indicates that . 6the passage implies in the passage that .(7) the author suggestsindicatesin the passage that .(8) it can be concluded from the passage th

5、at .学习必备欢迎下载(9) fromthe passage /thethirdparagraph/thelastsentence/theexample that. we can draw the conclusion that .(10) whatconclusioncan be drawn from the passage thefirstparagraph,the last paragraph.引申推理题依据解题思路主要可以分为暗指题、推理题和结论题；暗指题的特点是要求读者品味“言外之意”，信息只能从字里行间获得；对于这类试题， 考生第一要分清是明述仍是暗指，即言内仍是言外; 其次，要

6、尽最大可能与命题者达成“共识”，由于命题人事先确定的答案不答应考生的熟悉有任何偏差; 最终，要对文章中的有关事实和观点进行分析和讨论，依据事实进展的规律次序，总结出合情合理的结论；example 1if experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical formanagement to expect research to produce resu

7、lts measurable in dollars and cents.1999 年 passage 5the author implies that the results of scientific research .a may not be as profitable as they are expectedb can be measured in dollars and centsc rely on conformity to a standard patternd are mostly underestimated by management原句是个假设条件句， 指出“假如科学试验

8、像科学杂志登载的科学报告显示的那样完全按事先的方案去规划和实施，那么， 对治理层来说， 期望讨论能够产生可以用金钱衡量的结果是完全合理的”； 此处正话反说， 作者的言外之意是， 科学试验总有不行推测的现象，产生的结果也难以推测，因此不能确定有效益；a 选项“可能不像预料的那样有利可图”才是作者真正想要表达的含义；example 2why mention the elementary schools. because thanks to these schools our early mechanics,especiallyinthe new england and middleatlantic

9、states,were generally literateand athomeinarithmeticand insome aspectsof geometryand trigonometry.acute foreignobserversrelatedamerican adaptivenessand inventivenessto this educational advantage. as a member of a british commission visiting here in 1853reported,“with a mind prepared by thorough scho

10、ol discipline, the american boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.”1996年 passage 4 itisimpliedthatadaptivenessandinventivenessoftheearlyamerican mechanics .a benefited a lot from their mathematical knowledgeb shed light on disciplined school managementc was brought about by privileged home t

11、rainingd owed a lot to the technological development这里其次段的首句指出： 敏捷的外国观看家将美国人的适应才能和创新才能与这个训练优势联系在一起； this往回复指前述的最终内容，也就是前一段末句谈到的“技工们有文化并且熟知算术、几何学、三角学”，从而可知这种训练优势就是娴熟把握数学；因而作者暗指的意思是 a 选项“它们很大程度上得益于数学”；推理题与暗指题虽然有很多相像之处，但是其思路与方法更侧重于推理，主要测试考生的思维判定才能， 即由已知的事实为依据去获得未知的信息；考生解题时第一要把握推理范畴大至段落或全文，小至词语或句子; 其次要严

12、格遵循规律规律，保持正确的思维过程和严密的规律 ; 再次可以利用相关部分供应的事实、背景学问和常识去推理；干扰项的特点：依据文章中某些事实亦可以推导，然而又答非所问；(1) 推断文章内容的含义和引申意思exampleexamples ofbenefitsor costsof thecurrentconcentrationwave are scanty.yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create thesame threatstocompetitionthatwere fea

13、rednearlya centuryago inthe u. s.,whenthe standard oil trust was broken up. the mergers of telecom companies, such as worldcom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in thepace oftechnicalprogress.on thecontrary,the priceofcommunicationsiscomingdown fast.incars,too,concentr

14、ationisincreasing-witnessdaimlerand chrysler,renault and nissan but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.20xx年 passage 4from paragraph 4 we can infer that .a the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumersb worldcom serves as a good example of both benefits and costsc the costs

15、 of the globalization process are enormousd the standard oil trust might have threatened competition命题者设置的难点是其次句中定语从句的懂得；原文谈到“目前难以预料，数家石油公司的合并是否会再次对竞争造成威逼；100 年前美国的标准石油联合公司standard oil trust被解散，就是由于当时人们担忧它会对竞争构成威逼”，由此引申推理可知 d 项“标准石油联合公司可能曾对竞争形成过威逼”；此外，考生仍需要留意， might have threatened 是虚拟语气，表示对过去的估计；(2

16、) 运用数字进行推理exampleemerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more andmore regionalcompetition,as populationgrowth in the northeastand midwest reaches a near standstill.this development and its strong implication for us politics and economy inyears aheadhas enthroned the south

17、 as americas most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nations head counting.altogether,theuspopulationroseinthe1970sby23.2million people numericallythe third-largestgrowthever recordedin a singledecade.even so, thatgainadds up to only11.4 percent,lowestin american annua

18、lrecordsexcept for the depression years.americanshave been migratingsouthand west inlargernumbers sinceworld war, and the pattern still prevails. 1998年 passage 4discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided, america in 1970s .a enjoyed the lowest net growth of p

19、opulation in historyb witnessed a southwestern shift of populationc underwent an unparalleled period of population growthd brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since world war 这是一道涉及数字的题目，从标志词1970s 可以定位为文章第三段，本段指出：“ 20世纪 70 岁月，美国人口总共增长了2 320 万从数字上看，这是有纪录以来10 年期人口增长的第三高峰；即使如此，人口总数也只增加了11.

20、4%，除了大萧条时期，这是美国年度 记录最低的增长率； ”因此， a 选项和 c 选项与文意不符； 接着文章第四段谈到人口普查显示出“其次次世界大战以来，美国人不断移居西部和南部，现在这种趋势依旧存在”；因此可以得出 b 选项是正确答案，而 d 选项与该段内容正好相反；(3) 用类比的例子，要求考生进行推理演绎example1there are two basicways to see growth:one as a product,the otheras a process. people have generallyviewed personalgrowthas an externalre

21、sultorproductthat can easilybe identifiedand measured.the workerwho getsa promotion,the student whose grades improve,the foreignerwho learnsa new language-allthese are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.by contrast,the processofpersonalgrowthismuch more difficultto determine, sinceby definitionitisa journeyand not the specificsignpostsor landmarksalong the way. the process is not the road itself, but rather