火龙果镰刀菌果腐病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究

1、火龙果镰刀菌果腐病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究摘 要 采用形态学特征观察、rDNA-ITS序列、EF-1序列比对和系统发育树分析p 的方法对引起火龙果镰刀菌果腐病病原菌进行鉴定，并初步研究其生物学特性。结果表明：引起火龙果镰刀菌果腐病是单隔镰刀菌（Fusarium dimerum Penzig in Saccardo），这是该菌引起火龙果果腐病在国内的首次报道。该菌菌丝生长的适宜温度2535 ，最适温度30 ，适宜产孢温度2535 ，最适产孢温度3035 ，致死温度75 （10 min）；适宜pH59，最适pH7，最适产孢pH4；连续光照、D-果糖为碳、牛肉膏和蛋白胨为氮时最有利于该菌菌丝生长；

2、完全黑暗、D-半乳糖为碳、尿素为氮时最有利于该菌产孢。综合分析p 认为，该菌耐高温，光照充足、弱酸和富含有机营养的环境有利于该菌的生长和繁殖。【关键词】：p 火龙果；果腐病；单隔镰刀菌；鉴定；生物学特性中图分类号 S667.9；S432.4 文献标识码 AAbstract Morphological characteristics observation and rDNA-ITS sequencing and EF-1 sequencing were performed using dragon fruit Fusarium rot pathogens.Furthermore， the pap

3、er made a preliminary study of the biological characteristics of pathogen.The results showed that one of the pathogens was identified as Fusarium dimerum Penzig in Saccardo and it was the first report in China.For mycelial growth of F.dimerum， the suitable temperature ranged from 25 to 35 and the op

4、timum temperature was 30 .For sporulation， the suitable temperature ranged from 25 to 35 and the optimum temperature ranged from 30 to 35 .The fatal temperature for mycelial growth was 75 for 10 min.For mycelial growth， the suitable pH value ranged from 5 to 9， and the optimum pH value was 7.The opt

5、imum pH value for sporulation was 4.Continuous illumination， D-fructose and beef e_tract and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources were conducive to mycelial growth； Darkness， galactose and carbamide as carbon and nitrogen sources were propitious to sporulation.It showed that F.dimerum had e_cellen

6、t heat resistance， and abundant sunlight， weakly acidic， rich in organic nutrition were conducive to the growth and reproduction of F.dimerum.Key words Dragon fruit；Fruit Rot；Fusarium dimerum；Identification；Biological characteristicdoi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.20_.01.027火龙果（Hylocereus spp.），又名红龙果，为仙

7、人掌科、量天尺属植物，典型的热带水果1。近年来在我国海南、广东、广西、福建、云南、贵州、台湾等地区均有栽培2。火龙果果实外形独特、营养丰富、绿色保健，含有丰富的植物性蛋白、甜菜色素、水溶性膳食纤维、各种酶、不饱和脂肪酸、抗氧化物质及钙、磷、铁等矿物质3-5，对人体健康有特殊的功效，倍受消费者青睐。但随着我国火龙果种植面积的不断扩大，其采后病害有逐渐加重的趋势6。据报道，能引起火龙果果腐病的真菌主要有镰刀菌（Fusarium spp.）7-9、炭疽菌（Colletotrichum spp.）10-11、双间柱顶孢（Scytalidium dimidiatum）8，12、 桃吉尔霉（Gilbertella persicaria）13-14、仙人掌平脐蠕孢（Bipolaris cactivora）15-16等。笔者在对海南省火龙果采后病害初步分离中发现一株镰(转自：wWw.bdFqy. 千 叶帆 文摘:火龙果镰刀菌果腐病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究)刀菌，该菌具有较强的致病性，鉴于此，认为对该病原菌进一步研究是必要的。本研究采用形态学特征、rDNA-ITS区序列、EF-1序列和系统发育树分析p 的方法进行种类鉴定，并首次对该菌生物学