2022年阅读理解微观解题技巧学生

1、学习必备欢迎下载阅读理解微观解题技巧（一）技巧一细节理解题【水平诊断】winners are great at overcoming problems. for example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call for help when in ne

2、ed. for another example, if your colleague causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. ask to work with a different person, or don t rely on this person. you should accept that

3、the person is not reliable and find creative ways to work successfully regardless of how your colleague fails to do his job well. when your colleague brings about a problem, you should _. a. find a better way to handle the problem b. blame him for his lack of responsibility c. tell him to find the c

4、ause of the problem d. ask a more able colleague for help 【诊断指导】细节理解题在阅读理解题中占有很大比例，主要考查学生对于阅读材料中的某一具体事实或细节的理解。 有些细节理解题可以直接从文中找到答案，有些则需要在理解的基础上将有关的信息进行甄别、筛选后才能得出正确答案。【题干表现形式】from the passage we know that _.in the passage, the author states that _. the writer mentions all of the items listed below exc

5、ept _.which of the following statements is not true? which of the following statements is correct according to the passage? which of the following statements is not mentioned in the third paragraph? 【解题方法】1. 对于直接或间接细节题，可以采用三步解题原则。1） 关键词筛选。利用查读（scanning）技巧查找相关信息。3）相邻和夹逼原则。例题（2 全国 i 卷）there were smili

6、ng children all the way. charily they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards penang. often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those

7、 on the trains were their favorite relatives. this is the simple village people of malaysia. i was moved.the day passed fast and i even forgot to have my lunch until i felt hungry. i looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm. soon the train pulled up at butterworth. i looked at the pe

8、ople all around me. they all looked beautiful. when my uncle arrived with a smile, i threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug (拥抱 ). i had never done this before. he seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. we walked arm in arm to his car. i looked forwar

9、d to the return journey. what did the author remember most fondly of her train trip? a. the friendly country people. b. the mountains along the way. c. the crowds of people in the streets. d. the simple lunch served on the train. 2. 对于排序细节题，采用首尾定位法。即先找出第一个动作或步骤和最后一个动作或步骤，迅速缩小选择范围。例题（湖北卷）gerner manag

10、es school facilities (设施 ) for clark county, nevada, a district roughly the size of massachusetts. by 2018,143,000 additional students will enter the already crowded public-education system. gerner needs 73 new schools to house them. four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary sch

11、ool prototypes (样品 ); they plan to construct their schools starting in 2009. the district will then assess how well the schools perform, and three winners will copy those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings. which order of steps is followed in carrying out the project? a. assessmentprototypedesigncons

12、truction. b. assessmentdesignprototype construction. c. designassessmentprototype construction. d. designprototypeassessmentconstruction. 3. 另外，我们还要观察干扰项的特点：有相当一部分事实细节题的选项照抄了原文的部分信息，这样的选项往往都是迷惑项，而将原文句子换一种形式表达的选项往往是正确的答案。因此，做此类题时要注意不能认为选项用词与原文相似的就是答案。技巧二主旨大意题精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - -

13、- 第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载【水平诊断】(上海 c篇 ) “get your hands off me, i have been stolen,” the laptop, a portable computer, shouted. that is a new solution to laptop computer theft: a program that lets owners give their property a voice when it has been taken.the program allows users to disp

14、lay alerts on the missing computer s screen and even to set a spoken message. tracking software for stolen laptops has been on the market for some time, but this is thought to be the first that allows owners to give the thief a piece of their mind.owners must report their laptop missing by visiting

15、a website, which sends a message to the model: a red and yellow “ lost or stolen” sign appears on its screen when it is started. under the latest version（版本） of the software, users can also send a spoken message.the message can be set to reappear every 30 seconds, no matter how many times the thief

16、closes it.” one customer sent a message saying, you are being tracked. i am right at your door , ” said carrie hafeman, chief executive of the company which produces the program, retriever.in the latest version, people can add a spoken message. for example, the laptop s speakers will say: “ help, th

17、is laptop is reported lost or stolen. if you are not my owner, report me now.”the retriever software package, which costs $29.95 but has a free trial period, has the functions of many security software programs .owners can remotely switch to an alternative password if they fear that the thief has al

18、so got hold of the access details.if a thief accesses the internet with the stolen laptop, retriever will collect information on the internet service provider in use, so that the police can be alerted to its location.thousands of laptops are stolen every year form homes and offices, but with the use

19、 of laptops increasing, the number stolen while their owners are out and about has been rising sharply.other security software allows users to erase data remotely or lock down the computer.which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?a. with no retriever, thousands of lapto

20、ps are stolen every year.b. a new soft ware provides a means to reduce laptop theft.c. retriever has helped to find thieves and lost computers.d. a new program offers a communication platform with the thief. 【诊断指导】主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中不可缺少的阅读题型之一，而且难度相对比较大。细分起来，主要考查学生对于文章的中心思想、作者的态度以及写作意图等的阅读理解。【设题方式】考查文章的中

21、心思想1.the main idea/key point of the passage is that _. 2 the passage is mainly about _. 3 from the passage we can learn/conclude that _.4.which of the following statements best express the main idea of the passage? 考查文章的标题the best title/ headline for this passage is _. 2 which of the following is th

22、e best title? 3what would be the best title for the text? 4the title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _. 【解题技巧归纳】主题句是归纳表达文章中心思想的句子，它的出现主要有四种情况：主题句在开头。主题句在结尾。主题句在中间。无明显的主题句，但是各小节可能有主题句。例题 1 （2 辽宁卷）too much tv-watching can harm children s ability to learn and even reduce their chances

23、of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children. one of the studies looked at nearly 400northern california third-graders. those with tvs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than chil

24、dren without bedroom tvs. a second study ,looking at nearly 1000 grown-ups in new zealand, found lower education levels among 26-year olds who had watched lots of tv during childhood .but the results don t prove that tv is the cause and dont ride out that already poorly motivated youngsters may wash

25、 lots of tv. what would be the best title for this text? 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载a. computers or television b. effects of television on children c. studies on tv and college education d. television and childrens learning habits 例题 2 （ 北京卷）when

26、 students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance，the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the l ist. music is nice, people seem to say, but not importantmusic tells us who we aremusic provides a kind of perception （感知） that cannot be acquired any other way the arts are

27、 forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbolsso music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize. what is the main idea of the passage? a music education deserves more attention. bmusic should be of top education priority. c music is a

28、n effective communication tool. dmusic education makes students more imaginative. 【课堂检测】（i） the art of reading fiction is largely a matter of inferring meanings. to infer means to understand facts which are not directly stated only suggested. inference is one of the commonest ways of knowing things:

29、 a child holds his knee and cries; this action implies his feeling; an observer infers that the child is hurt. to infer accurately in everyday life requires caution in observing; to infer skillfully in fiction requires caution in reading; both require disciplined imagination. the short-story reader

30、can expect to find certain basic elements in any story. for example, all stories involve a person or persons, in a particular setting, faced with a demand for a response. the response called for may be a physical action, such as defeating an adversary( 对手 ) or escaping from a danger; or it may be a

31、mental action, such as adjusting to others or within oneself. in either case, the short story is a description in two ways: first, it shows the motives for a given human action; second, it makes a point about the general human situation. such descriptions, however, rather than being stated directly,

32、 usually are implied by the elements of the story. when the reader of a story understands all the facts and their interrelationships, he is ready to infer the significance of the story as a wholeits comment on the human situation. this comment, or theme, is the seed from which the story grew. it is

33、also the idea by which all the separate elements of the story are governed, while these in turn further shape and modify the theme. in addition to action, character, and setting, these elements include structure, mood, tone, and point of view. fiction reading requires an awareness of all the ways in

34、 which a story communicates. it also requires attention to detail. what the author provides is a network of points which serve as clues to his meaning. he invites the reader to develop the meaning by inference, actually to create much of the story himself and so make it part of his own experience. 1

35、. according to the author, “infer” means “_”. a. knowing facts beyond the statement b. looking for more evidences for the statement c. finding out a different meaning from the statement d. adding some facts to the statement 2. what is the implied meaning of the last sentence? a. inferring can really

36、 help the reader develop imagination and enrich himself. b. inferring can help the reader write a story of his own. c. the reader should look for an experience described in the story he reads. d. the experience described in the story will leave a great impact on its reader. 3. what is the main idea

37、of this passage? a. inferring is an art of writing. b. inferring is a need in fiction writing. c. inferring is the basic skill in reading fiction. d. inferring is common in reading. （ii）research shows that childhood friendships are important indicators of future success and social adjustment. childr

38、ens relationships with peers( 同龄人 ) strongly influence their success in school, and children with fewer friends are more at risk of dropping out of school, becoming depressed and other problems. making and keeping friends is more than child s play 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共

39、8 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载when 6-year-old rachel returned to school on a recent monday morning, her eyes immediately scanned the playground for her friend abbie. though they were only separated by a weekend, the girls “ran right into each other s arms and hugged”, recalls rachels mother kathryn w

40、illis of gilbert. “it was like a scene from a movie. ”most parents instinctively( 本能地 ) know that having friends is good for their child. experts agree that friendship is not simply child s play, but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life. a skill for life “ childhood friendships

41、serve as a very important training ground for adulthood,”says dr. robbie adler-tapia, psychologist with the center for childrens health & life development at the east valley family resource center. researcher william hartup states, “peer relations contribute significantly to both social and cogn

42、itive(认知的 ) development. ”hartup concludes that the single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior, but rather, how well a child gets along with other children. the work of arizona state university professor of developmental psychology gary ladd

43、 proves that just as being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids, so is the lack of friends detrimental. good friendships don t just happen experts agree that it is essential for children to establish high-quality friendships. but, researchers warn, these friendships don t necessarily

44、just happen. often, a good friendship begins with involved parents. valley psychologist dr. lynne kenney markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading. bad company many parents worry about the quality as well as the quantity of their childs

45、 friendships. “ when she was in 1st grade, her supposed best friend began calling her names and threatening to hurt her,”says mindy miller. “ my daughter wasn t allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class. it really crushed(压垮 ) her spirit. i told my daughter she didn t need a friend

46、 like that. ”“ i ll bend over backwards to help my son get together with a friend i think is good for him,” adler-tapia says. “ i don t look at it as manipulation( 操纵 ), just positive parental involvement. ”1. the underlined word “detrimental ” could be replaced by “_”. a. aggressive b. disappointin

47、g c. ridiculous d. harmful 2. we can learn from the passage that high-quality friendship most probably results from _. a. social skills and good study habits b. school grades and classroom behaviors c. academic success and social adaptation d. positive parental involvement and social skills 3. from

48、the last paragraph we can conclude that dr. robbie adler-tapia agrees that _. a. parents should regard making friends as something that just happens b. its wise for parents to support and encourage healthy peer relationships c. parents only need to help their children to cope with difficult social s

49、ituations d. parents are supposed to encourage their children to make as many friends as they can 阅读理解微观解题技巧（二）技巧三词义猜测题【水平诊断】（安徽卷c 篇） when frida kahlos paintings were on show in london, a poet described her paintings as “ a ribbon( 丝带 ) around a bomb ” . such comments seem to suggest kahlo had a big

50、 influence on the art world of her time. sadly, she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.what does the phrase “a much bigger name ” in paragraph 1 most nearly mean _? a. a far better artist b. a far more gifted artist c. a much stronger person d. a much more famous perso

51、n 【诊断指导】在英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分为五类：旧词新义，主要考查词汇表中未出现的词义。合成词、转化词和派生词。“灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解。“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名词增多，这些词往往有一定的文化背景。超纲词汇。精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载该类题常见的考查形式有：1.the phrase “” in the sentence could be repla

52、ced by _. 2.the word “” in the paragraph refers to _. 3.what is the meaning of the underground word in the paragraph? / what does the underlined word mean? 4.which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “”? 5.the word “” most nearly means _. 【解题技巧归纳】要点一：定义解释法例题（安徽卷） of course, the

53、good of oxen is not limited to plowing. in fact, they are seen as “ boats on land ” for their ability to carry loads. the words “boats on land” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to _. a. animals for taking goods b. creatures for pulling plows c. treasures of the folk culture d. tools in the farming ec

54、onomy 要点二：利用举例法例题（福建卷） in his book, he has challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting(融化 ) of the ice sheets in greenland or west antarctica. the underlined words “ tipping points” most probably r

55、efer to _. a. freezing points b. burning points c. melting points d. boiling points 要点三：语境推断法例题 （全国卷i） i had always travelled to malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time i was on a train. i did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read

56、 and reread. i looked about the train. there was not one familiar face. i signed and sat down to read my economics. which of the following words can best take the place of the word “ relish” in the second paragraph? a. choose b. enjoy c. prepare for d. carry on 要点四：同义词法例题（江苏卷） some family names were

57、 made by adding something to the fathers name. english-speaking people added s or son. the johnsons are descendants of john; the roberts family s ancestor was robert. irish and scottish people added mac or mc or o. perhaps all of the macdonnells and the mcdonnells and the o donnells are descendants

58、of the same donnell. the underlined word “ descendants ” in the last paragraph means a person s _. a. later generations b. friends and relatives c. colleagues and partners d. later sponsors 要点五：词义转折法例题（山东卷） ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certain

59、ly mention recycling. recycling in the home is very important of course. however, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. we are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to br

60、ing so much material home in the first place. what does the underlined phrase “ over-consumption” refer to? a. using too much packaging. b. recycling too many wastes. c. making more products than necessary. d. having more material than is needed. 要点六：词义搭配关联法例题 （山东卷） tobacco taxes improve public health,