初中形容词副词详细讲解及训练

1、一、形容词的用法：（-）概念：形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，通常将形容词 分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词 前面。1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。2. 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词，这类形容词大多数 以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例女口： afraid, asleep, awake, alone等。（二）形容词的种类1. 品质形容词：英语中大量形容词属于这一类，他们表示人或物的品质， 如：the pl町was boring.那出戏很枯燥乏味。you have an honest face.你有一张诚实的脸。2. 颜色形容词有少

2、数表示颜色的形容词，如：she had on a blue coat.她穿了一件蓝色的外套。3. -ing形容词：有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词，如: 4-ed形容词：它们是由它们的过去分词变过来的，一般有被动意义，多数为品质形容词，如:she looked tired.5.合成形容词：warm-hearted热心的，heart-breaking令人心碎的（三）形容词的用法和在句中的位置1、形容词在句中主要可用作：1）定语：what a fine day!2）表语：she looks happy.3）宾语的补语（构成合成宾语人do you think it necessary?你认为这有必

3、要吗？4）状语：he arrived home, hungry and tired.他又饿又累的回到家里。2、形容词在句中的位置：有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置形容 词；少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置形容词。2）当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时，或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything, nothing等的时候，便会出现后置形容词。如：the boy interested in music is my brother.对音乐赶兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。do you have anything interesting to tell us? 你

4、有什么趣闻告诉我们吗？三.以ly结尾的形容词likely, lively,也为副词，如 daily, weekly, monthly.1）大部分形容词加ly可构成副词。但friendly, deadly, lovely, lonely,改错：（错）she sang lovely.（错）he spoke to me very friendly.（对）her singing was lovely.（对）he spoke to me in a very friendly way.ugly,仍为形容词。2）有些以ly结尾既为形容词,yearly, early 等。the times is a week

5、ly paper.时代周刊为周刊。the times is published weekly.时代周刊每周发行一期。常用复数。这类词有:rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill; living / dead ; black / white （表示人种等）。例如:the young should take good care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。the rich never help the poor in this country.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。二、副词的用法：（一）概念：用以修饰动词

6、、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。例如：not（不），here （这里），now （现在）。不少副词同时也可用作介词或 其它词类。如：have you read this book before?（副词，作时间状语）你以前读过这 本书吗？he will arrive before ten oclock.（介词，before ten o9clock 是介词 短语，作时间状语）他将在10点钟前到达。（二）副词的种类1、时间副词有三类：always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly 等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实之前义动词1）表

7、示发生时间的副词:ws beginning to rain now!现在开始下雨了 !2）表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实之前义动词:she often changes her mind.她常改变主意。3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词：he has just had an operation.他刚动过手术。2、地点副词：1）有不少表示地点的副词:she is studying abroad.她在国外留学。2）还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词

8、同形，跟宾语的是介词,否则是副词:用作介词:stand up!起立!用作副词：a cat climbed up the tree.猫爬上了 树。3）以where构成的副词也是地点副词：ifs the same everywhere 到处都一样。3、方式副词1)英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答how的问题）:2)how beautifully your wife dances.你夫人舞跳的真美。 还有相当多的副词，表示某些情绪：she smiled gratefully.她感激的笑 了笑。还有一些以jy结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况：he left the townsecretly.他悄

9、然离开了这座城市。3)4、程度副词和强调副词1）程度副词可修饰动词，表示“到某种程度”：is she badly hurt?她 伤得重吗？说明这类副词除修饰动词外，还可修饰形容词（a）或另一副词（b）:a. fairly simple 相当简单quite correct 完全正确b. wonderfully well 好极了 do it very quickly 干得很快2）much是一个特殊的程度副词，它可以：修饰比较级you sing much better than me.你比我唱的好多 了。their house is much nicer than ours.他们的房子比我们的好多了

10、。5. 疑问副词和连接副词1）疑问副词：疑问副词用来引导特殊问句：how: how is your grandmother?你奶奶身体好吗？where: where does she come from?她是哪儿人？when: when can you come?你什么时候能来？why: why was he so late?他为什么来得这么晚？2）连接副词：连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样，但都引导从句或与 不定式连用：how: do you know how to start this machine?你知道这台机器怎样启动吗？ where: i doitt know where he

11、lives.我不知道他住在哪儿。（引导宾语从句） when: tell me when youul be ready.告诉我你什么时候准备好。（引导宾语 从句）why: that9s why i came round.这就是我来的原因。（引导表语从句）6. 一些其它类型的副词，如表示方向的副词：lef s go inside.咱们到里面去。take two steps forward.向前走两步。副词的位置1 多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如:we are living happily.我们幸福的生活着。he runs slowly他跑的很慢。2. 时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在

12、句末。如:they went to the park yesterday morning.昨天上午他们去公园了。i heard him sing english songs over there. 我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。he drove the jeep carefully 他小心地开着吉普。注意:3. 有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用。女口：yesterday i got up late.昨天我起床很晩。4. 频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词 之前如i： he is seldom ill. 他很少生病。you must always remembe

13、r this你一定要i己住这一点。i often write to my parents.我经常写信给父母。do you usually go to school on foot你经常走路去上学？he has never been to beijing.他从来没有去过北京。注意:有时为了加强语气，频度副词也可放在句首。女口：sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike.有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。程度副词修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它 所修饰的词前面。女

14、口：that's quite early.那很早。i nearly missed the bus.我几乎错过了公交车。she did rather badly她干得相当糟。四兼有两种形式的副词1) close 与 closelyclose意思是"近"； closely意思是"仔细地"。例如：he is sitting close to me.他就坐在我边上。watch him closely.盯着他。2) late 与 latelylate意思是晚"； lately意思是"最近"。例如：you have come t

15、oo late.你来得太晚了。what have you been doing lately?近来好吗？3) deep 与 deeplydeep意思是"深",表不空间深度；deeply时常表不感情上的深度，" 深深地”。例如：he pushed the stick deep into the mud他把棍子深深插进泥里。even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被电影深深打动 了。4 ) high 与 highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。例如： the plane was flyin

16、g high.这架飞机飞得很高。i think highly of your opinion.你的看法很有道理。5) wide 与 widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地在许多地方"。例如： he opened the door wide.他把门开得大大的。english is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。6) free 与 freelyfree的意思是"免费"； freely的意思是"无限制地"。例如：you can eat free in my restaura

17、nt whenever you like无论什么时候，我这饭 铺免费对你开放。【基础练习】 选择最佳答案()1 these oranges tasted. to be wella. goodb. wellc to be good()2. alicegoes to school at seven.a. usualb. usuallyc. hardd. a little)3. 一 we are going to see a film this evening . why not go with us ?一 i have to do many things this evening i，m, you

18、 see a. free b. glad c. sorry d. busy()4. mum, bill is coming to dinner this evening一ok. let's give him to eat.a. something differentb. different anythingc anything differentd. different something()5.the person is talking with the doctor.a. ill b. sick c. illness d. sickness()6. the day is brigh

19、t and let，s go for a walk a. sunny b. dark c cloudy d. windy()7. look !beautiful that lake is !a. what b. how c. how a d. what a()8. -i won't go to the great wall tomorrow.-一 i won't，a. neither b. either c too d. also()9. he likes to do some reading in the morning, i like it,a. too b. either

20、 c neither d. also()lo.that maths problem isdifficultnobody can work itout.a. too; to b. very; that c so; that d. very; but()11. 一whaf s on the desk?it，s .a. a new green bagb. new green bagc a green new bagd. a bag new green()12. the night was very，so he had to take off his shoesa. quiet; quietly b

21、quite; quickly c late; quick d. quite; quietly()13 heto school to clean his classroom.a. always comes earlyb. comes always earlyc. always early comes)14.1 got uptoday.d. come always earliera. later b. more latelyc. lately d. late3）形容词。副词的比较级和最高级的不规则构成法good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstmany/m

22、uchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest小练习：1. much2 ill3. little4. bad用所给词的正确形式填空:1. this dress isthat.(twice，as.as，expensive)2. gold(黄金)is(little) useful than iron(铁).3. my sister is two years(old ) than i.4. johivs parents have four daughters, and s

23、he is the(young) child.5. she will be much(happy) in her new house.6 dick sings (well), she sings (well) than john，but marysings(well) in her class.7. the boy is not so(interesting) as his brother.8. _ people came to the meeting than last time, (many)9. hainan isfrom beijing than hunan, (far)10. the

24、re areboys than girls in our class, (few)2比较级的表示法：主语+be+比较级+than.主语+谓语+比较级+than.1）不同主语的比较， 双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级十than"的结构表示he is two years younger than i. 表示一方不及另一方时，用"less十原级十than"的结构表示this room is less beautiful than that one2)同一主语不同方面的比较she is now happier than she has ever been用于修饰

25、比较级的词:even, much，far, a lot，a bit, a little,he works even harder than before.3)在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those), one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物.that可代替可数名词单 数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词例如：the book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.a box made of iron is stronger than one made of woo

26、d 二，as，little, few，elder等在比较级中的用法。as用于比较级l)o as +形容词或副词原级+astom is as tall as mike.2) as +形容词原形+a+名词+ashe is as good a student as you3) 倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+asthis room is three times as large as that one.提到倍数用法，补充：表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：1) a is three(four, etc) times as big(high, long, wide, etc. ) as b例如:asia

27、is four times as lareg as europe,亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)2) a is three(four, etc)times bigger ( higher, longer, wider, etc)thanb例如：your school is three times bigger than ours,你们的学校比我们的学校大三 倍.用times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数.表 示两倍可以用twice或double3. a bit，a little, not a bit，not a little 的用法1) the +比较级+主谓

28、，the+比较级+主谓：越 越the harder he works, the happier he feels.2) 比较级+and+比较级：越来越。the weather is getting colder and colder.4. elder的用法1) 不能单独用作表语，因为elder不是真正意义上的比较级my sister is older( than me).my sister is elder(than me)2) 描述家庭人员出生的先后she is the older of the two他是姐妹中较大的一个。小练习：1. 本书跟那本书一样有趣。this book isthat

29、 one.2. 你游泳没有你弟弟好。you can光 swimyour brother.3. 今天比昨天冷的多。it istodayit was yesterday.4. 他吃的越多，人越胖。the more he eats, thehe gets5他比我大两岁。he isthan l这个故事不如那个有扌this story isthan that one.7.她的身体状况一天天好起来。he is gettingevery day.8.他对英语越来越感兴趣。he is becomingenglish.二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式。i my brother is two years(old)

30、than me.2. is your sister(young) than you? yes,she is.3 who is(thin),you or helen? helen is.4. whose pencil-box is(big)yours or hers?hers is.5 ben jumps(high) than some of the boys inhis class6. does nancy sing(well) than helen? yes，she does.7 my eyes are(big) than hers.8 which is(heavy)，the elephan

31、t or the pig?9. who gets up(early),tim or tom?10 do the girls get up(early) than the boys?no,theyii jim runs(slow). but ben runs(slow).选择。()1. the yellow shoes are than the blue ones.a. expensiveb. expensiverc.more expensive()2. a cow is bigger than a mouse.a. muchb.morec.many()3. who，s the jean joa

32、n or jennet?a.thinnerb. thinestc. thinnest()4. tim isa.funny than jack.c.funnierb. much funny()5. um taller than others in my class.fm a.tallb.tallestc.the tallest()6. who can sing better rose?a.thanb.thenc./()7.1 have books than you have.a.manyb.muchc.more()8. his uncled house is very a.oldb.olderc

33、.oldest()9. my bike is ,but his bike is anew，newb.newnewerc.newnewest()10. please clean your room.ifs now.a.cleanb.dirtyc.tidy【基础练习】()1 your room isthan mine.a. three time bigb. three times bigc. three times biggerd bigger three times()2 when spring comes, it getsa. warm and warmb. colder and colder

34、c. warmer and warmerd. shorter and shorter()3he read the book，he got in it.a. the more; the more interestingb the less; the more interestingc. the more; the more interestedd. more; more interested()4 i likeone of the two books.a. the older b. oldest c. the oldest d. older()5 which do you like，tea or

35、 coffee?a. well b. better c. best d. most()6 this work isfor me than for you.a. difficult b. most difficult c. much difficult d. more difficult()7 who jumpedof all?a. far b. farther c. farthest d. the most far)8 li lei isstudent in our class.a. tall b. taller c. tallest d. the tallest)9 tom is one o

36、fboys in our classa. tallest b. taller c. the tallest b. the tall)10 english is one ofspoken in the world.a. the important languages b. the most important languagesc. most important language d. the most important language)11. most of the woodsbeen taken good care of.a. are b. is c. has d. have)12 i&

37、#39;m notto lift the heavy box.a. short enough b. enough tall c. health enough d. strong enough)13 which is，li lei or wu tong?a. strong b. strongest c. stronger d. the strongest)14 do you haveto tell us?a. something new b. new something c. anything newd. new anything)15. most of the people in guangd

38、ong are gettinga. more and richb. more rich and more richc. richer and richerd. rich and rich副词的比较等级:（一）概念：副词和形容词一样，也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。其构成方式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。规则变化的一般规律是: 单音节词的比较级和最高级在词尾加er或est;多音节词以及ly结尾 的副词（early除外），前面加more或most.。不规则的变化式只能采用“各个击破”的办法去记忆。1）规则变化原级比较级最高级soonsoonersoonestloudlouderloudestf

39、astfasterfastestwidewiderwidestearlyearlierearliesthappilymore happilymost happilycarefullymore carefullymost carefully2）不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstlittlelessleastmuchmoremostfarfarther （距离）farthestfurther （程度）furthest（二）副词的比较级的用法1、单独使用:try to do better next time.下次争取干好一点。hell come ba

40、ck sooner or later.他迟早会回来的。please speak more slowly. 请讲慢一点。2、和than 一起使用:he swims better than i do.他游泳游得比我好。can you do any better than that?你能不能干的好一些?he arrived earlier than usual.他到的比平时早。3、比较级前可有状语修饰：you must work much faster.你必须大大加快干活的速度。can you come over a bit more quickly?你能稍稍快点来吗?4. asas和not soa

41、s结构这两个结构也可结合副词使用:1）as.as可用在肯定句中，表示“像一样”，后面的副词要用原级：she can run as fast as a deer.她能跑的像鹿一样快。2）在否定句中,asas和soas都可以用:i doitt go there as much as i used.我现在到那里不象过去那么多toi didift do as（so） well as i should.我做的不如我应做的那么好。3）这种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状语：she can read twice as fast as he does.她阅读的速度比他快一倍。（三）副词最高级的用法：副词最高级可

42、修饰动词，前面多数不带定冠词the:he laughs best who laughs last.（谚语）谁笑在最后谁笑的最好。of the four of us, i sang (the) worst.我们四人中我唱的最差。（四）副词比较级和最高级的一些特殊用法：副词比较级和最高级还可用在一些特别结构或短语中。1) more and more 越来越:it rained more and more heavily.雨下得越来越大了。she went farther and farther away.她越走越远了。2) the more.the more 越，越：the more i work, the more i accomplish.我干得越多,完成的就越多。3) had better 最好：.我们最好不要打扰他。we，d better not disturb himwhat had we better do?我们最好怎么办?训练题l.your idea sounds much than his.a，interesting b，interested c，more interesting d，more interested2.1n my opinio