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1、八年级下册第二单元一、重点、难点:重点:单词argue, either, except, return;短语 keep out, call sb. up, pay for, ask for, find out, get on, as as possible;句型 1.Whats wrong?/What s the matter?2. What should I do?语法 情态动词could 和 should 的用法难点: except 的用法;给某人打电话的表达;find out, find, look for的区别;情态动词could 和 should 的用法二、知能提升(一)重点单词单词

2、学习 argue【用法】 argue 是不及物动词,意为“争论;争吵”,过去式是argued,名词形式是argument。常用短语arguewith sb. 或 have an argument with sb.意为“与某人吵架”。若表示“因某事与某人争吵”则用argue with sb. about sth. 。【例句】 1. I argued with my sister last night.昨晚我和妹妹吵架了。2. Don talways argue with each other about money. 不要总是为钱互相争吵。Yesterday I argued Tony this

3、 topic.A. do 。 aboutB. with 。 aboutC. about。 withD. at 。 with 答案: B解题思路: 本题考查介词的用法。argue with sb. about sth. 意为“就某事和某人争论”。故选B 。 either【用法】 either 作副词,意为“也(不)”,通常用于否定句的句尾,其前用逗号隔开。【例句】 She doesntlike dancing. And I don tlike it, either. 她不喜欢跳舞,我也不喜欢。【考查点】 either, too 与 also 的用法too 意为“也”,通常用在肯定句中,比较口语化

4、,放在句尾,其前用逗号隔开。He has a new mobile phone. I have one, too. 他有一个新手机,我也有一个。also 一般用于肯定句中比较正式,通常放在 be 动词情态动词或助动词之后,行为动词之前,位置接近动词,位于句中。Tom can play football and his brother can also play football.汤姆会踢足球,他弟弟也会。例题 I m not sure which tie to wear for the party. God! I have no idea, .A. tooB. neitherC. either

5、D. also答案: C解题思路: 本题考查词义辨析。neither 意为“两者都不”。too, either, also 都意为“也”,但too, also 常用于肯定句,而either 常用于否定句。本句中的答语是否定句,故选C。句意为“我不知道系哪条领带去参加聚会。天哪!我也不知道。” except【用法】 except 是介词,意为“除 之外”(除外的东西不包括在内,有否定、排除等含义)。【例句】 1. We all agreed except him. 我们都同意,只有他不同意。2. He does his homework every day except Sunday. 除了周日

6、以外,他天天做作业。【考查点】辨析except 与 besidesbesides作介词,表示“除 还有”,指在整体之外再加上一个或一部分,即整体中包含besides 后面的部分。Besides milk, we need vegetables. 除了牛奶外,我们还需要蔬菜。Many students like football besides Tom.除汤姆外,还有很多学生喜欢足球。例题 All the students in Class One went to the cinema Li Ping. Why?Because he had a stomachache.A. besidesB.

7、withoutC. exceptD. beside答案: C解题思路: besides 和 except 都意为“除 之外”。besides 包含其后的部分,而except 不包含其后的部分。without 意为“没有”。 beside 意为“在 旁边”。由答语“因为他肚子疼”可知“其他人都去了,他没去”,用except。1 / 5 return【用法 1】用作及物动词,意为“归还;送回”,相当于give back 。用 return sth. to sb. 或 return sb. sth. 表达“把某物还给某人”时,就不再使用back。【例句】 You should return the

8、guitar to Dick on time.你应该准时把吉他还给迪克。【用法 2】用作不及物动词,意为“回来;回去”。【例句】 He returned to Paris from London yesterday. 他昨天从伦敦回到了巴黎。【考查点】 return 作及物动词的用法【易错点】 return 和 back 连用根据句意及汉语提示填写单词I (归还) the book to the library yesterday. 答案: returned解题思路: “归还”可以用give back 或 return 表示。本题中只有一个空,故应用return。由 yesterday 知用过

9、去式。即学即练1. Sorry, I dontknow the word. I don tknow it, .A. tooB. wellC. alsoD. either2. Everyone Jim went to the concert because he had a lot of homework to do.A. onlyB. besideC. besidesD. except3. Stop (争论) with your sister about the problem.4. I returned the novel back to the library last week. (改错

10、)(二)重点短语短语学习 keep out【用法】动词短语,意为“不让 进入”。【例句】 1. Danger! Keep out! 危险!切勿入内!2. To protect yourself, you should keep the strangers out. 为了保护你自己,你不应该让陌生人进来。例题 The windows are broken and need to be repaired. I think so. They can hardly the cold now.A. keep outB. give outC. take outD. put out答案: A解题思路: ke

11、ep out 意为“不让 进入;抵御”;give out 意为“分发”;take out 意为“取出”;put out 意为“扑灭;拿出”。由题意窗子破了,就不能“抵御,挡住”寒冷了,可知选A 。 call sb. up【用法】 call sb. up 为动词短语,意为“打电话给某人”,call 此时意为“打电话”,副词up 可以省略。如果宾语不是人称代词,也可以说call up sb.。【例句】 1. Remember to call me up tomorrow. 记住明天给我打电话。2. If you have trouble, please call me. 如果你有麻烦,请打电话给我

12、。【考查点】打电话时的用语表示“打电话给某人”的短语还有: ring sb. (up), phone sb., give sb. a call/ring 。【考题链接】 I my mother this morning, but nobody answered.A. got upB. looked upC. called upD. set up答案: C解题思路: 由后句中的answered(接电话)可知用call up (打电话),故选C。 pay for【用法】 pay for 意为“付 账;付买 的钱”。pay for 中间还可加表示金钱之类的词,其主语是人。【例句】 We paid t

13、wo yuan for the book. 买这本书我们花了两元钱。 How much did you pay your car?A. on B. for C. to D. at 答案: B解题思路: 考查介词搭配。 pay for sth 是固定搭配,意为“给 付款、付账”,题意为“你买车付(花)了多少钱?”所以选 B 。2 / 5 ask for【用法】 ask sb. for sth.意为“向某人要某物”。【例句】 1. If you are in trouble, you can ask him for help.如果你遇到了麻烦,你可以向他求助。2. She often asks f

14、or his advice. 她经常征询他的意见。【考查点】 ask 的用法ask sb. to do sth. 意为“要求 /请求某人做某事”,其否定结构为ask sb. not to do sth. 意为“要求 /请求某人不要做某事”。She asked me to lend her some money. 她请求我借些钱给她。1. She often asks her mother pocket money.A. byB. withC. forD. as答案: C解题思路: ask sb. for sth. 表示“向某人要某物”。句意为“她经常向她妈妈要零花钱”。2. John, my

15、computer doesntwork. Why not ask Mr Liu it?A. to buyB. not to buyC. to checkD. not to check答案: C思路: 由答语的句意为“为什么不让刘先生检查一下呢?”,可知此句为ask sb. to do sth. 结构。根据句意,故选C。 find out【用法】 find out 意为“找到,发现,查明”,多指通过调查、询问、打听之后“搞清楚,弄明白(发现真相或事实等)”。【例句】 Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。【考查点】辨析find o

16、ut, find 与 look forfind out 意为“查明真相,弄清缘由”,强调经过理解、分析、思考等最后得到认证的一种结果。其后的宾语常是某个情况、事实。find 意为“找到,发现”,通常指找到或发现具体的东西,强调寻找的结果。He didn tfind his bike. 他没有找到他的自行车。look for 意为“寻找”,是有目的地找,强调寻找的过程。He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子。【易错点】混淆find 与 find out1. We must who broke the window.A. findB. look forC. fin

17、d out答案: C解题思路: find 表示“寻找”的结果,意为“找到,发现”;look for 意为“寻找”,强调“寻找”的动作;而find out 意为“通过调查、询问弄清事实真相”。故选C。2. What are you doing? I m my wallet.A. looking forB. findingC. finding outD. looking答案: A解题思路: look for 意为“寻找”,强调“找”的动作,故选A 。而 find 作为“找到”讲时不能用于进行时。 get on【用法】 get on 意为“相处,进展”,常用短语为 get on (well) wit

18、h sb.,意为“与某人相处(融洽)”。相当于短语 get along (well) with sb. ,后面还可以接物。 get on with sth. 表示“某事进展如何”。【例句】 1. The three boys get on very well together. 这三个男孩在一起相处得很好。2. How are you getting on/along with your friends? 你和朋友们相处得怎么样?3. Hows your son getting on with his English? 你儿子的英语学得怎么样?She is very kind and help

19、ful. She always her friends.A. gets on well withB. getting well withC. getting on well withD. gets well with答案: A思路: 据前句及always 可判断此句为一般现在时,表示“和某人相处得好”应用get on well with sb. 结构。故选A 。 asas possible【用法】 asas possible 意为“尽可能 ”,可以转化为asas one can/could。这两个as之间要用形容词或副词的原级。【例句】 1. We must study English as

20、hard as possible. 我们必须尽量努力学习英语。2. We should read English as much as possible.3 / 5= We should read English as much as we can 我们应当尽可能多地读英语。They ran to the classroom as fast as they could. (同义句转换)They ran to the classroom . 答案: as fast as possible解题思路: asas possible 的同义表达是asas one can/could。即学即练1.It i

21、s very cold outside. Why not put on the coat tothe wind?A. cut upB. keep outC. take outD. turn off2.The teacher told my mother yesterday.A. call him upB. to call him upC. call up himD. to ring up him3.He is worried because he has no money tothe school year.A. takeB. spend C. pay forD. cost4.Can you

22、who wrote the letter? There is no name in it.A. look forB. call upC. find outD. keep out5.Good manners usually help people toeach other.A. get startedB. get togetherC. get toD. get on well with6.We should try our best to make possible.A. as fewer mistakes asB. as few mistakes asC. mistakes as few as

23、D. as less mistakes as(三)重点句型句型学习 What s wrong?/What s the matter?【用法】这两个句子均意为“ 怎么了?”或“ 出了什么毛病?”,后可接with sb/sth 。【例句】 1. Whats wrong with you? You look sad. 你怎么了?你看起来很难过。2. Whats wrong with the car? 这辆小汽车出什么毛病了?【考查点】与“ 怎么了(出什么毛病了)?”有关的一些表达:表示“ 出了什么问题”的陈述句,可以用:Something is wrong withThere is somethin

24、g/nothing wrong with1. Theres with your watch because it often keeps bad time.A. nothing wrongB. something wrongC. wrong nothingD. wrong something答案: B解题思路: something, nothing, anything 是不定代词,修饰它们的形容词要后置。本题由keep bad time 可知是“你的手表出了毛病”,故选B 。2. Whats wrong with David? (同义句转换)What s with David? 答案: the

25、 matter解题思路: Whats wrong with sb.? 与 Whats the matter with sb. ?都可用来询问“某人怎么了?” What should I do?【用法】 should 是情态动词,表示义务、责任或劝告、建议等,意为“应该,应当”,后接动词原形。否定式为should not,常简写为shouldnt。【例句】 1. We should ask her first. 我们应该先问问她。2. You shouldntbe so careless! 你不应该这样粗心! I argued with my mother. She was very sad.

26、What should I do? .A. Have a rest, pleaseB. You can join the English clubC. You may listen to some musicD. You should say sorry to her答案: D解题思路:本题考查情景交际用语。给别人提出建议时,可以用You should。句意为“我和我妈妈吵架了。她很难过。我该怎么办?你应该向她道歉。”即学即练1. I m not feeling well. My head hurts.A. What s the matter?B. What are you doing?C.

27、Are you OK?D. Are you feeling better?2. I donthave enough money to buy a gift for my friend. What should I do? .4 / 5A. That s a good idea B. Good luckC. You could get a tutor to come to your house D. You could get a part-time job to save some money(四)重点语法语法学习如何用情态动词could, should 提建议could 和 should 都是情态动词,后接动词原形。都可用来提建议,但侧重点不同。在陈述句中, cou

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