个人防护用品选择和使用规范

1、个人防护用品选择和使用规范 个人防护用品选择和使用规范之相关制度和职责，前言*asanemployerhasamoralandlegalrequirementtoensurethatsuitablepersonalprotectiveclothingandequipmentisprovided,andinformationandtrainingisprovided. 前言 * as an employer has a moral and legal requirement to ensure that suitable personal protective clothing and equi

2、pment is provided, and information and training is provided to all employees in regard to the care and use of such personal protective equipment.? under the same regulations employees have a legal requirement to properly use all ppe that has been supplied to them correctly and that if any defects ar

3、e found with said equipment, it must be brought to the immediate attention of their supervisor. *作为雇佣方有道义和法律上的要求,保证提供合适的个人防护衣物和设备,并向雇员提供信息和培训,关注个人劳作保护用品的使用。此规定也同样要求雇员正确使用所提供的个人防护用品,并在发现上述设备有缺陷时,马上向其主管报告。 1.?aim 目的 the aim of this safe work practice is to ensure a safe system of work by utilizing the

4、 proper personal protective equipment. this practice is intended to provide management with the background information and data, a selection and decision criteria and the necessary specifications to establish an effective personal protective equipment program. 此程序旨在提供一个保证使用个人保护设备的安全工作系统,对背景数据、选择、决定标

5、准和规格进行管理,以建立一个所要求的有效的个人保护设备程序。 2.?procedure 程序 personal protective clothing and equipment are not substitutes for effective engineering controls, safe working conditions or sound work practices, but can play an essential part in the protection of the worker.? personal protective equipment does not e

6、liminate the hazard but is an aid in controlling individual exposures so far as to prevent injury or adverse health effects. 个人防护衣物和设备不是为了替代有效的工程管理、安全工作状况或可靠的工作规定,但它在保护工作人员方面能起到主要的作用。个人保护用品不能消除危害因素,但是能帮助控制个人对危害环境中的暴露,使其避免受伤或健康受到危害。 risks to health and safety may occur whenever there is exposure to c

7、hemical, physical or biological hazards.? the degree of risk depends on the severity of the hazard and the degree of exposure. the many and varied jobs that will be undertaken by * employees and contractors presents a wide range of potential risks to health and safety.? control of risk exposures to

8、an acceptable level depends on the identification and evaluation of the hazards with reference to acceptable exposure standards and or specifications. the use of personal protective equipment is only one of a number of control options that may be available. 暴露于化学、物理或生物危害环境中时,对健康和安全会带来风险。风险的程度取决于危害的严

9、重性和暴露程度。*员工和承包商所要承当的许多工作说明在很大范围内对健康和安全有潜在风险。要将它们控制在一个可接受的水平,就需要依据暴露标准对危害因素进行识别和评估。使用个人防护用品只是许多可使用的控制方案中的一种。 3.?hazard identification 危害因素的识别 identify the nature of the hazard, the chemical and/or physical agent, its characteristics, potential routes of entry or contact and the harmful effects of exp

10、osure to that hazard.? 识别危害种类以及它们的化学或物理性质、特征、可能的进入或接触途径以及暴露于该危害因素下的有害影响。 4.?risk assessment / job hazards assessment 风险评估/工作危险评估 * requires that risk be assessed on the basis of the likelihood of exposure and the perceived outcome from the exposure.? a thoroughly conducted job hazard assessment resu

11、lts in the estimation of risks associated with a task or activity as well as the identification of appropriate control measures such as the type of personal protective equipment that will be required. *要求依据暴露的可能性和对暴露的理解程度来评估风险。一个完整的工作危险评估指导依赖于任务或行动的危险评价,识别合适的控制措施,比如依据需要提供个人保护设备的类型。 5.?choice of cont

12、rol options 控制方案的选择 when action is required to reduce risks to health and safety, management of any employer is responsible for the development and implementation of the appropriate controls based on relevant standards, guidelines and/or legislation and safe working practices.? 当要求采用行动来降低对健康、安全的风险时,

13、组织的任何雇员有责任依据有关的标准、指导方针或法规、安全工作规定等,建立和执行合适的控制措施。 when it is not feasible to control the risks by the methods described, personal protective equipment (either on its own or in combination with other controls), may be used as a control option to minimize personal exposure, but bearing in mind the follo

14、wing limitations: 当采纳上述方法来进行控制不切合实际时,个人防护用品(个人防护用品本身或与其它控制手段相结合)可以作为一种控制方案,以使个人对危害因素的暴露降到最低,但在思想上要合计以下限制: ppe does not reduce or eliminate the hazard. 个人防护用品不能减少或消除危害因素。 if the protective equipment is defective, or becomes ineffective whilst being worn, the wearer may become exposed to the hazard wi

15、thout necessarily being aware of it. 如果防护用品有缺陷或已经磨损失效,穿戴者可能没有意识到这些而暴露于危害因素之下。 ppe provides protection for the wearer only, the potential exposure of unprotected people in the area must be considered. 个人防护用品只为穿戴者提供了保护,而在区域内未受到保护人员的潜在暴露必须得到合计。 the use of ppe may introduce additional hazards to the wea

16、rer.? the equipment may interfere with one or more of the senses, e.g. full-face respirators restrict side vision and gloves may reduce manual dexterity. 使用个人防护用品可能会给穿戴者带来额外的危害。这些用品可能干扰了穿戴者的一种或多种感官,例如全面罩呼吸器会限制他的侧视能力,手套会影响手的灵活性。 ppe may transfer the hazard to another location.? toxic chemicals may be

17、 absorbed on boots and coveralls and transferred to accommodation areas. 个人防护用品会将危害因素传递到其它地方。有毒的化学物可能会吸附在套鞋和连体服上,并被带到生活区域。 ppe, particularly respiratory protection, may not be suitable for continuous use. 个人防护用品,特别是呼吸保护器,可能不合适于连续使用。 ppe may not always be worn properly. 个人防护用品可能被不合适地穿戴。 for these rea

18、sons the use of ppe is generally regarded as less acceptable than the other means of control previously described.? nevertheless, there are many circumstances (e.g. maintenance and emergency response) where it is the only feasible control option. 鉴于这些理由,使用个人防护用品的可接受程度通常比所述的其它控制手段来得低。然而,在许多状况下它是可以选择的

19、控制手段,例如修理和应急反应。 6.?management of ppe 个人防护用品程序的管理 the use of personal protective equipment provides a means for controlling individual exposure to a particular hazard but its use needs to be considered carefully before a decision is taken to adopt ppe as the control option. 个人防护用品的使用为暴露于特定的危害环境下的人员提供

20、了一种控制手段,但是在决定使用它们作为控制手段前,必须经过仔细的合计。 ·?selection ? 选择 only a suitably competent person can undertake to select ppe.? all ppe that is intended to be used on the * site must be inspected and approved by a * hse department representative and such equipment must meet internationally recognized stand

21、ards. at * ppe is considered the last line of defense and assurances must be made that alternative methods of controlling the hazard and risk are technically suitable.? 只有合适的有资格的人才能选择个人劳作保护用品。所有要在*现场使用的个人防护用品须经过* hse部门代表的检查和批准,这些设备必须符合国际公认标准。在*,个人保护用品被认为是最后的防线,必须作出保证在控制危险和风险的可选择的方案在技术上是合适的。 ·?f

22、itting 适宜性 when ppe is first issued, an adequate fit must be ensured under supervision.? in some cases user should be trained to check the fit whenever the equipment is used.? this is particularly important for the use of respiratory protective equipment. 在首次发放使用个人防护用品时,必须监督保证其适宜性。在有些状况下使用设备时,使用者应经过

23、培训知道如何检查设备是否适用,使用呼吸设备尤为重要。 ·?health aspects 健康方面 the use of ppe can have an impact on an employee's health, (e.g. skin irritation, heat stress).? certain medical conditions may make it difficult to use certain equipment. 使用个人防护用品可能会影响员工的健康(例如,皮肤过敏、热中风)。有些员工的身体状况可能使他难以使用一些设备。 ·?compatib

24、ility 兼容性 if more than one type of ppe is required to be worn simultaneously, then the compatibility of the individual items need to be evaluated.? the ppe also needs to be compatible with the tasks involved. 如果要求同时穿戴一种以上的个人防护用品时,则需要评估单个用品之间的兼容性。另外,个人防护用品还须与所执行的任务相兼容。 ·?issue 发放 provision shoul

25、d be made to control the issue of ppe to employees, remembering that several types of equipment may be available.? employee's may not be fully aware of the limitations of particular types and may ask for the wrong one.? this may lead to incorrect application. 应制定个人防护用品发放规定,记住,可能会使用几种保护用品。雇员可能并不完

26、全知道特定用品的局限性,可能申请了错误的种类,这可能导致不正确的应用。 ·?proper use 合适的使用 ppe is effective only if worn properly for the appropriate tasks. 只有在穿戴合适的个人防护用品,做相对应的工作时,个人防护用品才起作用。 the consistent use of ppe by management and supervisory staff, employee encouragement and enforcement of site standards of use are critica

27、lly important if high levels of compliance are to be attained and maintained.? personal protective equipment that can provide the protection that it was designed for when it is properly used.? personal protective equipment that is not worn properly may not provide anything more than false confidence

28、. 如果想要达到和坚持高标准的执行制度的水平,管理层和主管人员使用个人防护用品关于按照现场要求激励和强制员工使用个人防护用品是重要的。个人保护用品依据制定在合适的使用时能够提供保护,不正确的佩戴根本不能起到保护作用。 ·?cleaning and maintenance of ppe 个人防护用品的清洁和维护 an effective system of ppe maintenance, such as eye glass cleaning stations is essential to make sure the equipment continues to provide th

29、e degree of protection for which it was designed.? 为保证设备能继续提供其既定的保护目的,有一个有效的维护个人防护用品的系统是至关重要的,例如眼镜清洗站。 7.?information, instruction and training 信息、指令和培训 when an employee is provided with ppe, that employee must be provided with information, instruction and training as is adequate and appropriate to

30、enable the employee to know: 当员工被提供了个人防护用品时,该员工就应该获得相应的信息、指令和培训,使员工能够知道: a)?the risk or risks, which the ppe will avoid or limit. 该个人防护用品所要避免或消除的风险。 b)?the purpose for which and the manner in which ppe is to be used. 使用该个人防护用品的目的和使用方法。 c)?any action to be taken by the employee to ensure that the ppe

31、 remains in an effective state, in efficient working order and in good repair. 员工应该采用的行动,以保证个人防护用品处于有效的状态、高效的工作次序和得到优良的修补。 9. contractor ppe obligation ? 承包商在个人保护用品方面的责任 the contractor is obligated to pay for and provide to their employees, free of charge, all necessary and proper ppe according to *'s standards and requirements.? in general, all staff working at site is required to wear a hard hat, safety glasses and hard toed protective shoes at a minimum. during special operations, employee