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1、中考阅读完形高频词汇详解1. thought n. 思想;思考;想法;关心v. 想,思考;认为(think的过去式和过去分词)【例句】they were quite surprised and all reached the hall holding various thoughts【翻译】他们非常吃惊,怀着各种想法来到大厅。【解析】thought 一般用于两种情况.。第一种为动词think的过去式/过去分词,例如:he thought they needed to know the direction to it
2、. (他认为它们还需要知道到那里去的方向。)第二种用法作名词,译为思想、想法。例句中即为此用法。2. carefully adv. 小心地【例句】then they were asked to write their names on their respective(各自的)balloons carefully【翻译】然后,他们被要求在各自的气球上小心地写上名字。【解析】carefully是care的派生词,care的其他派生词也是高频词汇,需要考生记忆。careful adj. 仔细的,小心的 例句:we have to be careful
3、0;with fire.(但我们用火时,我们应该小心。)careless adj. 粗心的;无忧无虑的;淡漠的 例句:the boy was so careless that he knocked into a tree. (这个男孩如此粗心以至于撞到了一棵树上。)carelessly adv. 粗心地;不注意地;无忧无虑地 例句:the boy carelessly put the cup on the edge of the table and it fell off.(
4、这个男孩粗心地把杯子放在桌子边沿上,结果杯子掉到了地上)3. solution n. 解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答【例句】many times in our life,sharing and helping others give us real solutions to problems【翻译】在我们的生活中,很多时候,分享和帮助他人给了我们真正的解决方案。【解析】solution为solve的名词形式。solve vt. 解决;解答;溶解。solve problems “解决问题”同样是重点短语。4. information n. 信息,资料;知识;情报【例句】i search inform
5、ation and practice english listening and speaking with their help.【翻译】在它们的帮助下,我可以搜索信息,并且练习英语听力和口语。【解析】information的动词形式为inform。 inform vt. 通知;告诉;报告。例句: how do i inform them of my arrival time?(我要怎么通知他们我到达的时间呢?)5. suggest vt. 提议,建议;启发;使人想起;显示;暗示【例句】our findings sugge
6、st that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain【翻译】我们的研究表明, 在生命早期暴露在绿色空间可能导致有益于大脑的结构性变化。【解析】suggest常见意思为“建议“,但是在本句中译为 “表明”。它的名词形式为suggestion,也是完形填空中的高频词汇。 suggestion n. 建议;示意;微量,细微的迹象 例句:do you have any suggestion?(您有什么建议吗?。)6.
7、improvement n. 改进,改善;提高【例句】selfimprovement may not be everybody's favorite word,but if we look at things in a different way, we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved【翻译】自我提高可能不是每个人都喜欢的词,但是如果我们以不同的方式看待事物,我们可能会有更大的机会享受整个过程
8、,而不是数着日子,直到我们完全改善。【解析】improve 为其动词形式。 vt. 改善,增进;提高的价值what do you think we should do to improve our environment? 你认为要改善我们的环镜我们应该做些什么?7. disappear vi. 消失;失踪;不复存在【例句】when the calves' mothers were older and more experienced at raising babies, this be
9、neficial “grandmother effect” disappeared even if the actual grandmothers were still around.【翻译】当小牛犊的母亲年纪大一些,在抚养孩子方面更有经验时,这种有益的“外婆效应”就消失了,即使真正的外婆还在身边。【解析】注意记忆与disappear相关的词汇appear vi. 出现;显得;似乎;出庭;登场the telegraph brand will appear on some products but not
10、all. 每日电讯报的品牌将出现在某些产品上,但并非全部产品。appearance n. 外貌,外观;出现,露面you should not remark on her appearance. 你不应该评论她的外貌。disappearance n. 消失;不见 this principle also explains the disappearance of sound. 这一原则同样适用于声音的消失。8. consider vt. 考虑;认为;考虑到;细
11、想【例句】it's even more difficult for policy makers and school officials to channel funds (资金) towards classes like drama, when the skills arts subjects develop are considered “soft skills.”【翻译】对于政策制定者和学校官员来说,更难将资金用于戏剧类课程,因为艺术类课程的发展被认为是“软技能”。9. ruin v. 破坏,糟蹋;毁灭,【例句】but the basketball hoop in their n
12、eighborhood park had been ruined by a fallen tree.【翻译】但是他们附近公园的篮球圈被一棵倒下的树给毁了。【解析】注意同义词辨析。 destroy 常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏”、“毁坏”,程度较深。例如: the earthquake destroyed almost the entire city.那次地震几乎毁灭了整个城市。ruin 也是指严重的以至于不能修复的“破坏”,但这种破坏不指毁灭某物,而是指长期损坏的结果。它也可用来表示抽象
13、概念。damage 是程度较小的“破坏”、“损坏”,一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。例如: the storm damaged several houses in the village.暴风雨损坏了这个村子的几间房子。 10. influence n. 影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事vt. 影响;改变【例句】they aimed at learning the influence of human's activities on the environment by studyin
14、g the garbage.【翻译】他们旨在通过研究垃圾来了解人类活动对环境的影响。【解析】influence 还常用于动词。we influence each other, grow together. 我们相互影响,一起成长。11. surprise n. 惊奇,诧异;突然袭击vt. 使惊奇;奇袭【例句】alia was surprised by her structure (构图) and self-control involved in drawing a portrait.【翻译】艾莉亚对她的结构图和画肖像时的自控能力感到惊讶。【解析】surp
15、rise 作名词时常译为“惊奇,惊喜”,例句:to my surprise, he plays football very well. 使我惊奇的是,他足球踢得很好。 surprise作动词时常译为“使惊奇”,例句:tell them what to do and they will surprise you with their ingenuity. 告诉他们要做什么,他们会用他们的创造力来震撼你。 surprised adj. 感到惊讶的,出人意料的,例句中即为形容词用法12. frighten vt. 使惊吓;吓唬【例句】we often
16、 believe that someone or rather, most people are better than us - when in actual, the fact is, most people are more frightened than us.【翻译】我们经常相信有人或者更确切地说,大多数人都比我们好事实上,大多数人比我们更害怕。【解析】frighten 作动词常译为“使惊吓”,例句:did the noise frighten you? 那声音使你害怕吗? frightened adj. 害怕的;受惊的;受恐吓的,例句中即为此
17、用法。13. suffer from 遭受,患病,忍受,患【例句】scientific studies have shown that if indoor temperatures are high in hot weather, people will suffer from certain health problems and have a lower productivity.【翻译】科学研究表明,如果在炎热的天气里室内温度很高,人们就会患上某些健康问题,生产效率也会降低。【解析】suffer vt. 遭受;忍受;经历,常与from搭配出现。需记忆词组。14. embarrass v.
18、 (尤指在社交场合)使窘迫,使尴尬;使困惑;使为难;使复杂化;陷入经济困难;妨碍(人、移动、行动)【例句】i felt so embarrassed that i didn't know what to do.【翻译】我感到很尴尬,不知道该怎么办。【解析】embarrass 作动词,常以为“使尴尬”,例如:do not do anything to embarrass yourself or china。不要做让你或中国蒙羞的事。 embarrassed adj. 尴尬的;窘迫的,例句中即为其形容词用法。 unembarras
19、sed adj. 不尴尬的15. adequate adj. 充足的;适当的;胜任的【例句】more than 60 percent of children and teens do not get adequate sleep, which can put their health at risk.【翻译】超过60%的儿童和青少年睡眠不足,这会危及他们的健康。【解析】adequate sleep 译为“充足的睡眠”16. contribute vt. 贡献,出力;投稿;捐献【例句】other factors, such as noise and light pollution , contr
20、ibuted to the problem.【翻译】其他因素,如噪音和光污染,导致了这个问题。【解析】contribution n. 贡献;捐献;投稿 例句:we will do more contribution for beautifying our life and home environment . 我们将做更多的贡献,为美化我们的生活和家庭环境。17. pollute vt. 污染;玷污;败坏【例句】other factors, such as noise and light pollution , contributed to the problem.【翻译】其他因素,如噪音和光
21、污染,导致了这个问题。【解析】pollute 为重点动词,译为“污染”。例句:we should not pollute our rivers with waste. 我们不应让废弃物污染我们的河川。 pollution n. 污染,污染物,例句中即为名词用法。air pollution 空气污染 water pollution 水污染 noise pollution 噪音污染 light pollution 光污染18. serious adj. 严肃的,严重的;认真的;庄重的;危急的【例句】lack(缺失)of sleep amo
22、ng children and teenagers deserves high attention, because it can seriously affect their health and growth.【翻译】儿童和青少年缺乏睡眠值得高度关注,因为睡眠不足会严重影响他们的健康和成长。【解析】serious为形容词,常译为“严重的”,例句:what will you do with the serious problem? 你将如何处理这严重的问题? 另一个常用用法译为“严肃的,认真的”,例句:you should be serious about your job. 你应该认真对待
23、你的工作。 seriously adv. 认真地;严重地,严肃地,为副词形式。例句中即为此用法。*deserve vi. 应受,应得vt. 应受,应得19. apart from 除之外;且不说;并且【例句】apart from the people asleep, almost everybody else was on their phones.【翻译】除了睡着的人,几乎所有人都在打电话。【解析】apart adv. 相距;与众不同地;分离着 adj. 分离的;与众不同的 例句:i could say till death do us apart.我还可以说直到死亡将我们分开。20. di
24、scover vt. 发现;发觉vi. 发现【例句】then they discovered that a special type of bacteria (细菌), carried by the deer tick, was causing the disease.【翻译】然后他们发现由鹿虱携带的一种特殊类型的细菌引起了这种疾病。【解析】discovery n. 发现,发觉;被发现的事物。例句:after reading this, i have new discovery. 这次看完,我又有了新发现。21. successfully adv. 成功地;顺利地【例句】after much
25、research, the cause of lyme disease was successfully identified (确认), thanks to the hard work of many scientists, doctors and patients.【翻译】经过大量的研究,多亏了许多科学家、医生和病人的辛勤工作,莱姆病的病因被成功地确认了。【解析】相关词链接:succeed vi. 成功;继承;继任;兴旺 only by this means can you succeed. 只有用这个方法你才能成功。success n. 成功,成就;胜利;大获成功的人或事物。例句:wha
26、t should we do to achieve success? 我们应该做什么来取得成功呢?successful adj. 成功的;一帆风顺的。例句:if i can be successful, you can. 如果我可以成功,你也可以。22. difficult adj. 困难的;不随和的;执拗的【例句】its been difficult trying to live up to the expectations that were set by my brother.【翻译】要达到我哥哥的期望是很困难的。【解析】在作文中可以运用的句型“its difficult for sb.
27、 to do sth.”(对某人来说做某事很困难),例句:its difficult for me to learn physics well.(对我来说,学好物理很困难。)difficulty n. 困难,困境。例句:do you have any difficulties in your study?你在学习上有什么困难吗?23. express vt. 表达;快递adj. 明确的;迅速的;专门的n. 快车,快递,专使;捷运公司【例句】he expressed that he was grateful to me.【翻译】他表示感谢我。【解析】相关词链接:expression n. 表现,
28、表示,表达;表情,脸色,态度,腔调,声调;式,符号;词句,语句,措辞,说法。例如:facial expression 面部表情24. inspire vt. 激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感【例句】my brother and i have inspired each other to do the best we can.【翻译】我和哥哥尽我们所能激励彼此。【解析】相关词链接:inspiration n. 灵感;鼓舞;吸气;妙计。例句:where i go for inspiration: nature. 我去哪里寻求灵感:大自然。25. argument n. 论证;论据;争吵;内容提要【
29、例句】theyve also learned to deal with arguments and how to solve them.【翻译】他们还学会了处理争论以及如何解决这些争论。【解析】相关词链接:argue vi. 争论,辩论;提出理由 vt. 辩论,争论;证明;说服。 例句:i never argue with others. 我从不与他人争论。26. unnecessary adj. 不必要的;多余的,无用的【例句】are we filling our time with unnecessary things?【翻译】我们是在用不必要的东西来填满我们的时间吗?【解析】相关词链接:necessary adj. 必要的;必需的;必
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