高三英语重要知识点

1、高三英语重要知识点：过渡性连接词表强调：still indeed, ofcoursc, aftcrall, abovcall surely, certainly, undoubtedly, inanycasc, anyway, infact, especially, obviously, clearly表比较like, unlike, similarly, inthesameway, equally, similarto表对比bycontrast, onthecontrary, while., whereas，ontheotherhand, unlike, instead，but， diffc

2、rcntfrom, however, otherwise, yet, theformer- thclattcr, once now，some other, yearsagoeee today表列举foroncthing-andforanothcr, like表举例forexample, forinstance, suchas, take forexample, except for表吋间later, next, then, finally, atlast, eventually, meanwhile, fromnowon, fromthenon, atthesametime, fortheti

3、mebeing, intheend, immediately, inthemeantime, inthemeanwhile, recently, soon, nowandthen, during, nowadays, since, lately, afterwardst temporarily, earlier, now, afterawhile, when, while, before, after, until, assoonas, then, suddenly, inafewdays, inrecentyearst earlythismorning/year/century, allof

4、sudden, themoment表顺序first, second, third, firstly, secondly, thirdly, tobeginwith, firstofalh inthcfirstplacc, last, finally, eventually, intheend, atlast, next, aboveall firstandmostimportant, meanwhile表解释inothcrwords, infact, asamattcroffact, thatis, thatistosay, namely,表递进whatismore, inaddition,

5、and, alsobesides, too, moreover, furthermore, aswellas, aswell again, additionally, whatisworse?表让步although, though, cvcnthough, aftcrall, inspitcof, cvcnif,表转折however, ratherthent insteadof, but, yet, ontheotherhand, unfortunately, despite农原因forthisreason, for, nowthat, thanksto, assince, owingto,

6、because, becauseof, dueto,表结果so, so/suclvthat, therefore, thus, asaresult, accordingly表总结onthewhole, inconclusion, inaword, tosumup, inbrief, insummary, toconclude, tosummarize, inshort, in general, generallyspeaki ng, abovealh afterall其他mostly, occasionally, naturally, mainly, exactly, commonly, fo

7、rthispurpose, formostofus, in manycases, inthiscase高三英语重要知识点：过去完成进行时与将來完成时难点形成原因：1 不清处用法。2. 未注意与它搭配的吋间状语。解决办法：1. 彻底理解过去完成进行时与将来完成时基本川法。2. 注意与它搭呢的时间状语。用法讲解:（一）构成：过去完成进行时是lllhhad been +现在分词“构成。she had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一宜患 重感had they been expecting the news fo

8、r some time?他们期待这个消息有一段时间了 吧？（二）用法:1. 表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。过去完成进行吋表示动作在过去某一时间之询开始，一直延续到这一过去吋间。和 过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。过去完成进行时也是一个相 对的时态，上下文屮须有明示或暗示的作为参照的过去的吋间。1 had been looking for it for days before i found it.这东西我找了好多犬才找着。they had only been waiting for the bus a few minutes when it came. 他们只等

9、f 儿分 钟车就来了。2. 表示反复的动作。he had been mentioning your name to me.他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。3. 过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语屮。the doctor asked what he had been eating.医生问他吃什么。i asked where they had been staying all those days.我问他们那些天呆在哪儿。4. 过去完成进行吋之后也可接具有”突然“之意的when分句。i had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.我刚看 了 几

10、分钟他就进来 t。she'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。（三）过去完成进行时和过去完成时的比较:she had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy.她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。（强调结果）she had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。

11、（强调动作一直在进行）二、将来完成时（一）构成：will/shall have + 过去分词we hope it will have stopped raining before we set off for the picnic.我们希望在出发去野餐以両雨就己经停了。i'll have done all the work by the time you arc back this evening.你们今晚回來的时候我就将做完所有的工作了。（二）用法：1. 表示在将来某一吋刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生z前已经完成的动作。注意：常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有： by （the tim

12、e / the end of） +表示将來时间的短语和句子； before （the end of） +表示将來时间的词语或句子； when, after等加上表示将来动作的旬了等。例如：by the year 2050, scientists probably will have discovered a cure for cancer.到2050年,科学家们可能已经找到治愈癌症的方法了。by the time you arrive in london, we will have been staying in europe for two weeks.等你到达伦敦的时候，我们将已经在欧洲呆

13、了两星期了。2. 在时间从句和条件从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时，表示将来某时业已完 成的动作。例如：you'll get to like the subject after you have studied it for some time.在学习这个学科一段时间z后，你就会喜欢它的。i'll go and see the exhibition as soon as i have finished my work我一做完作业就去看展览。3. 将来完成吋还町以表示”可能性“，或”设想”。例如：it's five o'clock;they will have

14、 arrived home by now已经五点钟了，他们现在应该已经到家了。(三) 将來完成时与一般将來时的比较：有貝体的时间状语要用一般将来时。如：mr smith will return home on the first sunday next month.史密斯先生将 j 下月的第一个 星期日回家。将来完成时的时间状语一般用介词by引入，如：mr smith will have returned home by next month.到下个月史密斯先牛将已冋到家了 高三英语重要知识点：分词作状语难点形成原因：1. 对在句中作吋间、条件、原因还是別的状语不是很清楚。2. 分不清何时用现

15、在分词、何时用过去分词。解决办法：1. 理解分词作状语时可以转换成相应的状语从句。2. 分清何时用现在分词、何吋用过去分词。用法讲解：1. 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件，方式或伴随状 况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句;表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制性定 语从句。例如：put into use in april 2000 (=when it was put into use in april 2000), the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakd

16、owns.分词短语作时间状语blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network (=because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network), alice was in low spirits.分词短语作原因状 语given time (=if he is given time), he，ii make a fist-class tennis playe匚 分词短语作条 件状语we often provide our children with t

17、oys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. (= and think that all children like these things.)分词短语作伴随状语2. 有吋为了强调，分词前可带when, while, if, though, as if, unless等连词一起作状 语，以便使句了的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如：when comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences

18、without noticing the many similarities.though tired, he still continued reading.3. 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较。不管是现在分词还是过去分词单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。分 诃作状语通常可转换成一个相应的状语从句或并列句，如果状语分句或并列句小的谓语动诃 为被动结构，就用过去分词;如果状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分 词。例如：when compared with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does no

19、t seem big at all.分词部分木冃当于 when the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth, 主语与分词是被动关系，所以用过去分词。when comparing it w让h the size of the whole earth, wc find that the biggest ocean docs not seem big at all.when we compare it with the size of the whole earth主语与分词是主动关系，所以 用现在分词。faced w

20、ith a bill for$ 10,000(=because he is faced with a bill for$ 10,000), john has taken an extra job.whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always saying the same thing (= and he would say the same thing).注意:1. 现在分词冇两种时态：一般式doing和完成式having done。一般式通常表示与 主句的谓语动词所衣示的

21、动作同时发牛或无先后;完成式则强调分词所表示的动作先于谓语 动词所表示的动作。女山while walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.（同时发牝）having waited in the queue for half an hour, tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.（ “等待”先于谓语动词“意识到”）2. 分词的否定式的构成:not + 分词。not having received a reply, he decided to write agai

22、n主谓一致i.名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体 机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词特别注意名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质she held some flowers in her hand.花儿个体名词the trees are now in flower开花抽象名词youth is beautiful.抽象名词lie i s a youth of twenty年轻人个体名词©they have achieved remarkable成功抽象名词success in their work.成功的事个体名词一how ab

23、out the christmas evening party?t should say it was a success.物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质iron is a kind of meta 1物质名词pl ease lend me your iron.熨斗个体名词®he broke a piece of glass玻璃物质名词he broke a glass.玻璃杯个体名词1 bought a chicken this morning小鸡个体名词（2）please help yourself to some chicken鸡肉物质名词抽象名词与个体名词的转换貝

24、有动作意义的 抽象名词加用与 某些动词（如： have等）连用，表示某一次 短暂的动作®v d likeinformation about the management of vourhotel,pleasewe 11, you could haveword with the manager. he might be helpfula. some, ab. an, somec. some, somed. an, a they sent usword of the latest happenings.消息 （抽象名词）a. ab. anc. /d. the could we havew

25、ord before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词）a. ab. anc. /d. the类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a wal k/a bath make an advanee （进步）/make an earl y start （早 点出发）/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain（发出痛苦的叫声） /give a try表示知识和时间 的抽象名词转换 为普通名词时可 以用來表示其

26、中的一部分©many people agree that knowledge of english is a must ininternational trade today.a. a, /b. the, anc. the, thed. /, thea knowledge of truth （知道实际情况）give a ful ler know!edge of china（提供关于中国更为翔实的知识）have a knowledge of shorthand（有速记的知识） if there were no examination, we should haveat school.a

27、. the happiest timeb. a more happier timec. much happiest time d. a much happier time is money.a. the timeb. a timec timed. times抽象名词转换为 普通名词可用来 表示“一次、一 阵、一种”具休 的行为、事件、现象或结果。这时名词前 往往有形容词修 饰 oh, john.you gave me!a. how a pleasant surpriseb. how pleasant surprisec. what a pleasant surprised. what plea

28、sant surprise she looked upwhen 1 shouteda. in a surpriseb. in the surprisec insurprised in some surprise其它仮j了： the gift came as a complete surprise to me. we have had some unpleasant surprise（3）11 iswork of art that every one wants to have a look at it.a. so unusualb such unusualc such an unusual d

29、. soan unusualii.名词的数规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式示面加-s或-es （参看有关语法书）。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mi ce2单复数和同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集体

30、名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也 可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, commi ttee, government, populati on, crew, team, public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs（海关），forces（军队），times（时代）， spirits（情绪）,drinks（饮料）,sands（沙滩）, papers （文件报纸），manners （礼貌），looks （夕卜 表），

31、brains（头脑智力）,greens （青菜）, ruins （废墟）7表示“某 国人”加-samericans, australians, germans, greeks, swedes, europeans单复数同形swiss, portuguese, chinese, japanese以-mari或-woman结尾的改 为-men, -womenenglishmen, frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-intaw, 1 ookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部 分变为复数grown

32、-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servantsiii.主谓一致规 则'怙况举例语法致原以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语， 动名词短语或从旬作主语时，谓语动 词i般用单数形式；主语为复数吋， 谓语动词用复数形式。his father is working on the farm.to study engl ish wel 1 is not easy.reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.what he said is very important for us all

33、.由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数 情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句 是一个带冇复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓 语动词用复数形式。what t bought were three engli sh books.what i say and do is (are) helpful for you.由连接词and或both-and连接起来 的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动 词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个 人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由 and连接的并列单数主语而如果分别 冇 no, each, every 或 more than a (an)/one, many

34、a (an)修饰时,其谓 语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或 no+单数名 词和由some, any no, every构成的 复合不定代词，都作单数看待。.lucy and lily are twinsthe writer and artist has come.every student and every teach is in the classroom.many a boy and many a girl 1 ikes it.no boy and no girl likes it.each of us has a new book.is

35、everyonehere today?somebody is speaking inclass.everything around us is matter若none of示血的名词是不可数名词，它的谓 语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数， 它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。none of the sugar was left.none of us has (have) been to america.在定语从句里,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数 应与句屮先行词的数一致。those who want to go please write their nam

36、es on the blackboard.则he is one of my friends who are working hard.he is the （only） one of my friends who is working hard.在强调旬型屮应与被强调部分一致it is who am going to the cinema tonighttt is we who are going to the cinema tonight.如來集体名词指的是整个集体，它的 谓语动词用单数形式；如果它指的集 体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式the police are looking for th

37、e lost childthe cattle are eating grass in the fieldhis family has moved to the south .（他的 一家）his family are watching tv.（他的家人）class four is on the third floor.（四班）class four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的学生）由 a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词

38、构成的短语以及由 分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主 语吋，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中 后面名词的数而定。there are a lot of people in the classroom.three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.50 percent of the students in our class are girls.此外，还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用 法（用复数），但the number of +复数名词的 数就得依number而定（用单数）。a number of students have gone

39、to the farm to help the farmer pick applesthe number of pages in this book is three hundred.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后 的主语一致there comes the buson lhe wallare many pictures.such is the result.such arethe facts.between the two hills stands a monument.which is your bag?which areyour bags?are any of you good at e

40、ngl ish?has anywhat, who, which, any, more, all 等 代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要of you got a pen?靠意思来决定。al 1 can be done has been done.al 1 is逻going well.al 1 have been taken out.all havegone to beijing辑thirty minutes is enough for the work.表示时间重最长度价值等的名词的复 数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形twenty pounds is too dear意式，这是由于作主语的名词在概

41、念上如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复是个整体。数形式forty kilos of water are used every day.义若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等the united states is smaller than china.的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数 形式。"the arabian nights” is an interestingstory-book.表数量的短语“one and a half”后 而接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词 要用单数形式。one and a half apples is left on the table.致原一些学科名词

42、是以-ics结尾，如： mathematics, politics, physics 以 及news, works等。都属于形式上是 复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，the paper works was bui 11 in 1990这家造 纸厂建于1990年。它们作上语时，其谓语动词要用单数 形式。i don" t think physics is easy to study.则trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes,my glasses are broken.scissors （剪刀）等词作主语时,谓语 用复数,但如果这些名词前有a（the） pair

43、 of等量词修饰时（clothes被a suit of修饰）谓语动词用单数。the pair of shoes under the bed is his.“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示 某一类人动词用复数；若表示某一类the old are taken good care of there.东西吋，动词用单数。the beautiful gives pleasure to all.就近/远致 原 则当两个主语由either or, neither nor, not only but also , whether or 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持 一致,即就近一致。either th

44、e teacher or the students are our friends-nei ther he nor they are wholly right.neither they nor he is wholly right.is neither he nor they wholly right?there be句型中be动词的单复数取 决于其后的主语。如果其后是由 and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的 那个主语保持一致，即就近一致。there are two chairs and a desk in the room.there is a desk and two chairs in t

45、he room.主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as we 11 as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to等引起的短语,谓语动 词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。mr. green, together with his wife and children, has come to chinaa woman with a baby was on the busnobody but jim and mike w

46、as on the playground.she, like you and tom, is very talkthe girls as well as the boy have learned to speak japanese.no one except my teachers knows anything about it.i.形容词1 形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下麻置>>>高考英语语法考点大全vvv1修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时 nobody absent, everythi

47、ng possible2以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可査于有最高级或only修饰的名词z后the best book available, the only solution possible alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep 等作定语吋后置the only person awake和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long5成对的形容词可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on with7enough修饰名词吋可以前置也

48、可以后置，但修饰形容词或副词吋要后置to take his adventure course will certainly learn alot of useful skills.（nmet2000）a.brave enough studentsb.enough breave studentsc.studcnts brave enoughd.students enough brave注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料, 作用类别往后靠。规则：限定语（the、a）4-描绘性形容词+size（小）+ shape（形状）+ ag

49、e（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ matcrial（材料）+ purposc（目的）+ 名词。thisgirl is lindaj s cousin. （05 北京卷）a. pretty little spanish b. spanish little pretty c. spanish pretty little d. little pretty spanish2.复介形容词的构成1形容诃+名词+edkind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous2形容词+形容同dark-blue7名词+现在分peace-1oving3形容诃+现在 分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分 词sn（）w-covered4副词+现在分 词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分 词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-year3.形容词（短语）作伴随状语as he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead.当他看着山羊的时候，山羊翻 了个身，死了。afraid of difficulties, they pref