高中英语知识点总结(自动保存的)

1、高考英语重点语法一、高中英语知识点总结1.名词9.非谓语动词2.冠词10.连词和并列句3代词11.连词和状语从句4.介词12.定语从句5.形容词和副词13.名词性语从句6.情态动词14.特殊句式7.虚拟语气15.构词法8.动词的时态和语态二、知识清单1 名词(n.)的分类普通名词可数名词个体名词:book , child , face , desk z fan, player, student, boy 等集体名词：family , group , police , crowd z people , class 等不可数名词物质名词：milk z tea , coffee 等抽象名词:beau

2、ty , attention , pride , fun 等专有名词america , china , shu-how lin, the huston2.冠词的分类及用法不定尅 词(a/an ) 的用法 用于 n.刖表类指：a girl wants to see you. 用于单数集体 n.前：the city has a population of 3 billion. 用于物质n.刖/表单 概念：if s a very good cheese. 用于扌由象 n.前：he is a success./ 1 am quite at a loss. 用于专有名词冃！j ：a mr. brown

3、came to see you yesterday.定冠词the的用法 特指说话双方都明白的人或物：the children have gone to the beach. 指1文提至1过的人或事：he has a pen. the pen is black. 与单数名词连用表 类人或事物：in many places in china, the bicycle is still popular. the + adj.表示一类人：the young/ the old/ the poor/the rich 用在序数词和最咼级刖：he is the first to reach. the +姓氏复

4、数,指一家人或夫妇人the greens are at table.零冠词 不可数名词、复数名词表泛指,用零冠词：horses are useful animals.water is changed into steam by heat and into ice by cold. 三餐、球类和棋类、学科前，用零冠词：play football 季节、月份、星期、假日等前，用零冠词：winter has come is spring far away?thanksgiving day falls on the 4th thursday in november.3.代词pron.考点清单主格:1y

5、ouhe sheit we you人称代词they宾格：me youhimthemheritusyou物主代词n.性：my yourhistheirheritsouryouradj.性:mine yours his theirshersitsoursyours反身代词myself yourself himself herself yourselves themselvesitselfourselves指示代词this these that those互相代词each other , one another连接代词详见名词性从句关系代词定语从句疑问代词what, which, who, whom

6、, whose 等不定代词both, all, either, neither, some,any,noneother, another, others, the other, the others复合不定something, someone, somebody, anything, anyone, anybody,代词no thing, no one, n obody4.介词按结构分简单介词at, in, on, before, after, for, during, by, behind, from, like, until,under, with, since, as 等合成介词into

7、, inside, without, outside, through, toward, within分词介词given=considering（考虑至u） , including , following短语介词according to, due to, owing to, thanks to, ahead of, because of,apart from, except for, in spite of, in need of, for fear of, in chargeof, in search of, as well as, as a result of.按意义分表示时间at, in

8、, on, by, after, since, for, during, within, through, over, until,表示方位at, in, on, for, toward, into, out of, along down, up ,from, off,above, over, below, under, inside, outside, beside, near, across,through, around, among表不原因because of, owing to, due to, for, as a result of, at表不方式with（工具）,in（语台，材料

9、），by （方式）表示除外besides, except, except for, but, apart from表示数量about, round, around, over表示关于about, on表示增减by ,to短语中的介词动词+介词agree with, think about, worry about, care about, aim at, datefrom, benefit from, suffer from, result from, result in, account for,succeed in, send for, call for, care for, long f

10、or, look after, breakinto, burst into, look in to, r un into, approve of, dream of, dependon, feed on, carry on, insist on, deal with, do with, act as动词+副词+介词date back to, catch up with, do well in, get on with, break awayfrom, come up with, team up with, get down to, get close to, lookforward to, l

11、ook down upon动词+名词+介词take care of, catch sight of, lose sight of, make fun of, make roomfor, make sentences with, make use of, take advantage of, takepart in, pay attention to, show respect for, show interest in, havean effect on, play a role in, play a trick on, take the place ofbe+形容词+be interest

12、in, be crazy about, be accustomed to, be addicted to,be devoted to, be similar to, be used to, be strict with sb./in sth.,be crowded with, be satisfied with, be equipped with, be fond of,be aware of, be proud of, be tired of/from, be famous for /as,be familiar with, be fit for, be successful in介词+名词

13、in trouble, in dan ger, in surprise, in detail, in silence, at war, attable, at desk, on business, on fire, on show, on watch, on strike,on sale, on holiday, on vacation5. 形容词和副词 1 ）、形容词和副词的基本用法，在句中的位置形容词(1) . adj.基本用法：作定语、表语、补足语、状语(2) . adj.做后置定语的情况：adj.短语做后置定语;修饰复合不定代词分词adjed形容词,(人)感到的 ing形容词：令人的(

14、事)(4).表示类别或整体:the old, the young, the wounded, the rich, the poor副词(i).adv.基本用法：作状语，修饰v. adj.另一个adv.或整个句子.adv.在句中的位置:enough放在所修饰的adj./adv.的后面频度副词常放在be动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前搭配特别的 adj和 adv: a heavy rain / rain heavily /a sound sleep2) 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级平级比较(1).用 as.as, not.as/so.as 弓|导。he gets up as early as i.

15、as +形容词+ as +数词+名词=数词+名词+形容词。the building is as tall as 100 meters.=the building is 100 meters tall.(3).看似平级比较结构的一些惯用语。as long as只要，as soon as 就，as well as 既又超越比较(1).比较级的修饰语常见的有 rather, much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, by far,a bit,three times 等。the students study even harder than before.(2)

16、. the +比较级，the+比较级"表示越越”the harder you study, the more knowledge you will learn.“比较级+ and +比较级”表示”越来越.”the new city is becoming more and more beautiful.(4). “the +比较级+ of the two +名词”表示两个中较的”the taller of the two boys is my brother.6. 情态动词情态 动词主要用法典型例句can/could表示能力he can play table tennis quite

17、 well表巫理论上的可能性, 有时会；可能会"even an experienced teacher can make mistakes 表求和允许表示请求，口语中常用could 代替 canyou can have my seat. tm going now.(2)could you give me a hand?may/ might表示请求、允许、许可， might比may语气更委婉 you may use my dictionary. might 1 have a look at your new phone?must表示”必须”we must study hard and

18、make progress every day.表zf "偏要；硬要”if you must smoke, please go out.用于第一、三人称的疑问 句中/表示征求对方的意 见shall 1 open the door?shall用于第二、三人称的陈述 句中,表示说话人给对方 的命令、警告、允诺或威 胁；此外，当颁布法律， 规定时也用shall you shall get an answer from me by tomorrow. he shall go first, whether he wants or not. this law shall come into ef

19、fect on may 1st.shoul dshoul d表示劝告和建议，作应 该"讲you should learn from each other表示惊讶、意外等情绪， 为jtcj/xwi can't bear that he should speak ill of me.用在if条件句中,表乔可 能性很小，但也不是完全 不可能if any one should come, say i'm not at home will/wouldi have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not

20、listen.表zf 请求；建议 o would tt will委婉、客气would you like some more coffee?表不习惯：will可以表不 现在的习惯，意为总 是；习惯于"o would表 示过去的习惯性动作she will sit for hours reading in the room.(2)when she was young, he wound listen to music alone in his room.表示事物的某种性质和倾 向wood will float on the water.need表示需要；必要，用 于否定句、疑问句和条件 从

21、句中need we take the test?一 no, we need n't.dare表示敢；敢于，主要 用于疑问句、否定句和条 件从句，一般不用于肯定 句。1 dare say是习惯说 法，我想，大概“ how dare you talk like that? the little girl doesn't dare go out in the evening.oughtto表示义务，意为应当"z语气比should强,表不不十分肯定或含蓄的 推测，意为应是，应该 / every one ought to obey the traffic rules.(2) h

22、e ought to be home by now.7虚拟语气i 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用从句主句典型例句与现在 事实相 反的假 设if +主语+v.过去式(be-were)主语+should/ wound/could/mig ht +v.原形if 1 were you, 1 would seize thechanee to go abroad.与过去 事实相 反if + 主+had+ 过去分词主语+should/ would/could/ might + have + 过去分词if you had taken my advice, youwould not have failed in

23、 theexam.与将来 事实相 反1.if+主+did2.if+主+were to+ v原形3.if+主 -i-should + v 原形主语+should/would/ could + might + v.原形if he should not come tomorrow, we should put off themeeting till next monday.11虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1) .用于宾语从句中 wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。i wish (that) i were a bird and could fly freely in the

24、sky.我希望我是一只小鸟能在天空中自由飞翔i wish (that) i had met that film star yesterday.我希望昨天见至i那个明星了。how i wish it weren't raining now!我多希望现在没下雨啊！ 用于 if only + 句子=how i wish + (that)从句。eg :if only i were a flying bird! =how i wish i were a flying bird!我要是一只飞鸟 该多好！if only i had seen the film!=how i wish i had se

25、en the film!我要是看了那部电 影多好！ 用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有： dema nd,order, require, insist, suggest, recommend, urge, propose, advise等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为：should-动词原形,should可以省略。he suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.他建议我们第二天早点岀发。 在would rather后的宾语从句中也用虚拟语气,其结构为：would rather sb. + 过去时woul

26、d rather sb. + 过去完成时(had done )例：i would rather they didn't hear of the news.我宁愿他们听不到那个消息。i would rather i had not told him the bad news.我宁愿没告诉他那个坏消 息。2) .虚拟语气用于主语从句中it is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important + that 从句，从句的谓语动词用"should +动词原形"，should可以省略。例：it is sug

27、gested that the meeting (should ) be put off till next week.人们建议会议推迟到下周3) .虚拟语气用于表语从句和同位语从句中。my idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.我的观点是在接受它之前要反复考虑。we all agree to his suggestion that we (should) go to dalian for sightseeing. 我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。iii.虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的从句中的运

28、用主句和从句的谓语动词的先后从句的时态同时发生过去时as if引导的从句谓语动作早过去完成时(had + done )as if从句动作晚过去将来时(would+ do )一般现在时 .现在的状态 .经常性或习惯性的动作（3）.客观真理在某些状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时般过去时一般将来时（1）.过去的动作或状态（2）.过去经常性或习惯性动作（3）.在某些状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时（1）. will/ shall do sth. （2）. be going to do（3）. be to do（4）.be about to do过去将来时从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态现

29、在进行时说话时正在进行的动作特走的安排或计划(be doing)过去进行时 was/were doing（3）.与always连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气.过去某个时间正在进行的动作或某一阶段内频繁发生的动 作表示某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行将来进行时will be doing表示某个特定的时间正在进行的活动表示过去的动作对现在的影响现在完成时have/has done表示某一动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在在时间状语从句中,现在完成时可以代替一般一般将来时过去完成时had done表示过去的过去用一些固定句型，hardly.when , no sooner.than表示未曾实现的希望、打算

30、、诺言等，hadhoped/pla nn ed.现在完成进 行时用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（还要持续下 去）的动作 / have been doing动词的被动语态各种时态的被动语态典型例句被 动 语一般现在时am/is/are donerice is grown in south china.般过去时was/were donethe glass was broken by tom yesterday.现在进行时am/is/are being donethe project is being carried out过去进行时was/were donethis road was b

31、eing built this time yesterday.现在完成时have/has been donethis novel has been translated into 3 ian guages.过去完成时had been donewhen 1 got to the theatre, 1 found the tickets had already been sold out.一般将来时will be donethe car will be sent abroad by sea情态动词can/may/must doneoil can be turned into energy by b

32、urning it.9.非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词）时杰和语杰般式to do进行式to be doingh j 心、th g 心、元成式to have done不被动式to be done定句法功能在句中作主语、表语、宾语、走语、状语、补语式用法特点主动、将来、具体意义带疑冋词的不定 式how/what/when.to do省略to的情况在 had better, would rather 等后作宾语时,在感官、使役动词后作宾补时现在分词般式doing被动式being done完成式having done完成被动式having been done否定式not doing句法

33、功能定语、状语、补语、表语用法特点主动、进行意义分词作状语时其形式的选择形式意义doing与句中的主语为逻辑上的主动关系，与句中的谓语动词 动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生。having done与句中的主语为逻辑上的主动关系，先于谓语动词动作 发生。done与句中的主语为逻辑上的被动关系，being done与句中的主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且与谓语动词同时 发生。having been done与句中的主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且先于谓语动词发 生。10.连词、并列句和状语从句表递进或顺承关系and, not only.but also,并表选择关系or, otherwise列表转折关系but,

34、 yet, whereas连词表因果关系so, for, therefore其他平行结构neither.nor, would rather.than, as well as状 语 从 句时间状语从句由 when, while, as, as soon as, after, before, until, every time, the moment, hardly.when 等连词弓 |导地点状语从句由 where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere 等弓 |导原因状语从句由 because, since, as, now that, when（既然）等引导条件状语从

35、句由 if, unless, as long as, while, in case（假使）等引导目的状语从句由 so that, in order that, in case（以防）等引导结果状语从句由 so that, such that, so.that, such.that 等引导让步状语从句由 although, though, as, while, even if /though, no matter how, however 等弓 |导旅状语从句由 as, as if, as though 等引导峻状语从句由 as, than, the more.the more 等引导11 走语从句分类限制性定语从句:对先行词起修饰限走作用非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用，常用逗号与主句分开引 导 词关 系 代 词指 人who在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语 whom在定语从句中充当宾语that充当主语、宾语whose充当走语指物which在定语从句从句中作主语、宾语、表语 that在定语从句从句中作主语、宾语、表语whose在走语从句从句中作走语as在定语从句从句中作主语、宾语、表语关 系 副 词when先行词为时间名词且在定语从句中时间状语 where先行词为地点名词且