专八改错部分培训资料

1、1 专八改错部分技巧与练习答题要求 ( 三种方法) 1. 加入2. 删去3. 改动某一单词掌握题目要求要求修改的短文长度为 200字左右要求学生在 15分钟内找出 10个错误错误都出现在标有题号的行内错误一般涉及单个词，每行只出现一个错误要求修改的单词既有功能词 （如介词、 冠词等） ，也有实义词 （动词、名词等）错误既涉及句内也涉及句际要求考生掌握三种知识语法知识词汇与搭配单个词错误：词性，词形辨析主要涉及名词的单复数；人称代词的性、数、格；不定代词和连接代词的用法；动词的时态和语态；情态动词和非谓语动词的用法；定冠词不定冠词的用法；并列连词和从属连词的用法；介词的搭配；形容词和副词的区别及

2、其比较级和最高级的用法；词语的固定搭配和习惯用法等。篇章结构篇章上的错误：逻辑关系，衔接；语意连贯等等。1. 语法知识没有系统的语法知识， 学习者就很难全面、 准确地以口头或书面的形式表达思维或意念一般地说，该项目中要求改正的错误里包括一些语法错误。2. 词汇与搭配 (3-4 ) 2 词汇测试面涵盖各类词性的词侧重考核它们的搭配与用法主要是检验高年级学生在词汇方面是否达到英语专业高年级教学大纲所规定的要求词汇的积累需要在平时的学习过程中逐步积累，积少成多特别要注意提高自己灵活运用词汇的能力增加阅读量，培养语感，学会“critical reading”扩大词汇量，掌握固定词语搭配了解词的不同搭配

3、在不同语境中的应用，近义词之间的不同用法3. 篇章结构该项目旨在测试在具体语境或上下文中使用语法或词汇的能力学生要跳出单句的框架，从语段（表达一相关层次意思的句子组合）的角度来进行判断从语篇角度看，校对改错项目内的错误可大致分为两类： 1. 句内错误 2.句际错误学生大都能判断出第一类错误，而对第二类错误（句际错误）的判断准确率就相对较低加强对篇章的理解能力的训练, 了解、熟悉篇章结构的特点, 语段内句子之间的关系、语段之间的关系增强对篇章结构的意识八级改错主要考察学生对短文宏观上的把握和微观上的语言基本功，强调对语言知识在具体语境或上下文中使用的能力。逻辑问题（语义错误或者相反）解题步骤 :

4、 1、通读短文，把握文意。快速阅读短文，了解短文大意，利用短文大意攻克文中的错误，切忌拿到短文提笔就改。2、依据句意和语法逐句判断。 错误是按行设置的， 但找错不是以行为单位寻找，必须依据句意和语法分析，逐句或跨行寻找错误。3、先易后难，逐类排查。先找出比较明显的错误，逐步缩小错误的范围。4、利用行文逻辑，突破改错难点。有些行文逻辑错误，从词法、句法的角度看是正确的，但是通过上下文的逻辑分析就会发现是错误的。5、复读短文，检查答案，注意行文逻辑关系的正确合理。6、严格按照试题要求答题，万万不能随心所欲解题。历年考试中都有学生用自创的符号进行修改，或者有些学生太过紧3 张，将修改符号直接写到了试

5、卷上，忘了抄上答题纸。7、计算机辅助阅卷。解题技巧1、利用排除法进行短文改错，所谓“排除法”就是在理解单句或短文大意基本把握住文章整体时态的前提下，行不离句，句不离文，将句子分成若干语段，逐一排除，使错误缩小到最小范围。再根据基础知识进行扩散性思考，从而快速找到答案。2、发现有平行结构，就要检查是否有用词不一致或因成分短缺而引起的句子不平衡错误。如： she was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when i arrived .此句中并列的平行结构是两个语法上相同的谓语, 故应把drank改drinking. 3、发现有

6、比较结构，就要检查是否有形容词、副词的比较级，比较的对象等方面的错误。如： in some places you can borrow many books as you want ,根据上下文不难发现该句含“as, as”结构的句子，所以应在many 前加上 as。4、发现有转折、因果、对比等结构时，就要检查是否有行文逻辑方面的错误。如：his company publishes books and he buys books all over the world .按行文逻辑，应把 buys 改sells.又如： i like singing ,my brother likes danci

7、ng . 英语中两个分句之间不能仅仅用逗号，而要用合适的连词连接。故以上两个分句之间要加上连词while 表示对比。5、发现句子有多重结构，就要检查是否有时态、语态、连词或成分短缺等错误。如 :he wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there .该句犯了连词重复使用的错误，应去掉immediately. 6、 发现有特殊疑问句结构， 就要检查是否有疑问词使用不当的错误。 如： -how many was the price of your car ?-i bought the car at cheap price ,only s2,000.

8、英语中问价格时， 可用what price 或how much 提问。回答时常用 high price low price .所以应把句子中的 how many 改为what , 把答句中 cheap 改为low. 7、发现有名词和代词时，就要检查是否有数、所有格或指代不一致的错误。如：some people read the books or watch tv, while others have sports .去掉books前的the ,books 在此表示泛指。4 8、 发现有固定短语时， 就要检查副词、 介词、冠词是否使用错误。 如： suddenly i caught a sigh

9、t of my english teacher in the crowd .caught sight of ( 看见)是固定词组，所以要去掉a. 9、发现并列主语、从句、不定代词、集合名词、非谓语动词、时间、金钱等作主语， together with, as well as 等引导的成份修饰主语时，就要检查是否有主谓不一致的错误。如：playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit .but also 后面的分句的主语也是pl

10、aying football,其谓语动词应当用单数，故give 应改为 gives . 10、发现有特殊动词结构时，就要检查其特殊用法是否正确。如：he made me to post a letter for him . 英语中的感官动词 see; look at ;watch ; notice; observe ; hear; listen to 等，使役动词 let ;make ; have 等后面所跟的复合宾语中，如果由不定式的短语作宾语补足语，不定式须省去to. 故应去掉句中的 to. 11、发现有非谓语动词作状语、表语或定语时，就要检查是否有非谓语动词和逻辑主语不一致的错误。如；t

11、he box is too heavy for the little boy to carry it .该句型中不定式 to carry 逻辑上的宾语就是句子中的主语，所以句中的 it 是多余，应去掉。常考题型，高度警惕a. 冠词 ：the 变 a, a 变 the ，补the 补a 删 a 删 the ，b. 单复数：无非是 his 变 their 之类 的，关键是细心。c. 近义词：例如distinct和 distinctive，move 和 movement，interest 和 interests ,d. 反义词：尤其看到 dis, un , im ， in ， non 之 类的 ，更

12、要琢磨一 下 。e. 关联词： and , but, however, though, moreover, therefore，nevertheless ,f. 非谓语动词：见了ing 想ed，见了 ed 想ing , g. 形容词比较级：多半是把原形改为比较级 , 考的频率也蛮高的。比较级误用包括省略不当，自身比较，修饰语的误用，than连接的两个比较对象不一5 致或不平行。h. 虚拟语气：注意一下还是比较容易看出来的，多长个心眼儿吧。i. 代词 ：that, this, those,these, its 等等。有时要加，有时要删，有时要变复数，总之多盯“它”几眼 。j. 动词词组：其实主要

13、是介词的问题，这个没办法临时抱佛脚，要靠积累。k.形似的词语：冠词专题a, an: 用于可数名词单数前，用以表示“一”，但不强调数的概念，只说明名词为不特指。the ：表示名词为特指。表示双方都知道的人或事，表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物。可以用在可数名词单复数前和不可数名词前都可以用。注意事项1）school/college/prison/hospital/bed/class/church等词，表示其公认的含义时，前边不加冠词，表示其他含义时，按照具体情况，加 不定冠词 或定冠词 。例如： he is in prison. i heard he worked in a prison. （3）

14、表示 官衔的词在句子中单独使用时，前边要加 冠词。例如： the president of the us is ill. a vice manager is coming to see us. 注：但是表 官衔的词，如果在句子中能找到它的同位语 或 补语时，它前边则不加 冠词 。例如： president hu is very capable. he was made director in his department. （4）表示 泛指意义 的抽象名词前不加 冠词。例如： men fear death. 5）表示 泛指意义 的一日三餐前，不加 冠词。例如： i have breakfast

15、 at 6:40 every day. 注：但如果是表示 具体的某顿饭 或 一顿什么样的饭 时，则前面要加冠词 。例如： today i had a very nice breakfast. the breakfast i had this morning was very nice.6 6） 与 “球类名称”连用，表示“踢什么球、打什么球”时，球类名词前不加冠词。例如： play football; play basketball 但如果是表示其它含义，则要看具体情况了。例如：刚玩儿过的足球，放地上就找不着了。那只能问： where is the football that i played

16、 just now? 在商店里挑选足球时，那就应该说： this is a very good football. 与乐器名称连用，表示“弹奏某乐器”时，该乐器名称前必须有定冠词。其它情况同上。例如： i like playing the piano. 7） 可数名词复数表示“类别”时，前边不加冠词。例如： horses run faster than cows. i hate cars. （8）表示 “东、南、西、北”的四个词，跟“of ”短语连用表达“在哪个方向”这个含义时，定冠词 the 和介词to ，有都有，没有都没有。例如： dalian is (to the) south of s

17、henyang. fushun is (to the) east of shenyang 在某些与动词同形的名词之前用定冠词可表示一种运动状态。例如：the number of students in this school has been constantly on the increase.don t jump off the train when it is on the move . the criminal is on the run from the police. we have been on the go all day. a taxi driver came to the

18、/ his rescue and took him to hospital. (11) 在某些单数名词前用定冠词可表示与各该名词相关的抽象意义。例如：the music is pleasant to the ear. the landscape was really easy on the eye. 7 there was still much of the schoolboy in him. don t play the fool.he is a bit too fond of the bottle. ( 他有点贪杯。 ) she wanted go on the stage (= to b

19、e an actress) from an early age. (12) 在某些介词词组中表示人体部位的名词之前用定冠词客表示击中、捉住某人某部位等意义。例如：she seized the boy by the ear.she seized the boy by the collar.the ball happened to hit him in the face. somebody patted me on the shoulder. 3. 冠词的其它用法(1) 在由两个名词构成的 并列对称结构 中，名词之前一般都带零冠词。例如：he could hardly keep body and

20、soul together. （他几乎不能够维持生活。 ）the whole trip was a disaster from beginning to end. he was searched by the police from top to toe. his income is barely enough for him to live from hand to mouth . the differentiation of past, present and future is absent form many of these verbs. 类似的还有 arm in arm, day

21、after day, heart and soul, step by step等。2) 在某些介词词组中，作为介词补足成分的名词词组可以带定冠词，也可带零冠词：带定冠词 通常表示 名词的本义 ； 若带零冠词 则表示比喻或转义 。 比较：notes are printed at the bottom of the page. he is a good man at bottom (= in fact). who knows what will happen in the future? please be punctual in future (= from now on). the moon

22、goes around the earth. what on earth are you doing? my house is at the end of the lane. they argued for three hours on end. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. there are restaurants close at hand . (near; close by ) your big moment is at hand . （about to happen ）there is a church at the top

23、 of the hill. put this record on top of the others. 8 on top of (= in addition to) borrowing 500, he asked me to lend him my car. she paints after/ in the fashion of picasso. （仿照, 的风格）long skirts are now no longer in fashion. there is a picture in the front of the book. he is serving at the front. (

24、 前线) jobs are hard to land, but in the case of mr johnson, thats not the problem. in case of fire, break the glass. when we arrive, we will consider the question of where to sleep for the night. her sincerity is beyond question . （不容置疑）thats out of question. ( 毫无疑问 ) thats out of the question. （impo

25、ssible ） at noontime, we stopped for a picnic by the way . ( 在路边 ) they are travelling to britain by way of paris. in the sight of the world,（就世俗眼光来看）they were a happily married couple. in 1945, when the victory was in sight(在望), we doubled our efforts to fight the japanese. 名词主要涉及名词单复数问题注意有些词加 s后意思

26、有所改变如：paper/papers; glass/glasses; wood/woods; brain/brains; spirit/spirits property/properties; work/ works; sand/sands; custom/customs; regard (in this/one regard; in/with regard to: concerning) regards (kind wishes;greeting)/;manner/manners (good manners) 修饰可数名词： large numbers of, a great many, a

27、 number of, a majority of, various of,修饰不可数或抽象名词：not a little, a large amount of, a bit of, a hint of, a great measure of,固定搭配：名词与介词的搭配9 have faith in相信, 信任 pride in为, 感到骄傲take /feel/ (a) pride in以. 自豪skill in有, 的技能 delight in , 以, 为乐take delight in; find delight in interest in对, 感兴趣have an interest

28、 in对. 有兴趣 关心 proficiency in对, 精通proficiency in music擅长音乐trust in对, 信任后接介词 on的名词有authority on （权威）是 , 的权威take mercy on对. 表示怜悯comment on对, 评论monopoly on 对, 垄断congratulation on对, 祝贺10 absence from 缺席, 不在absence of 缺乏access to .的入口 , 通路acquaintance with相识, 了解action on sth对. 的作用addition to sth增加admission

29、 to /into进入, 入( 场, 学, 会) admission of sth承认advance in 改进 , 进步advantage over 优于. 的有利条件affection for/towards爱, 喜欢answer to .的答案anxiety for sth渴望apology to sb for sth道歉appeal to sb for sth恳求, 呼吁appeal (to sb)有吸引力appetite for对. 的欲望application把. 应用于 . approach to 类似, 办法, 通道argument赞成/ 反对. 的理由arrangement

30、for对. 的安排for /against attack on对. 的进攻 , 评击attempt at尝试 , 企图attention to对. 的注意attraction for对. 的吸引力balance between .之间的平衡barrier to .的障碍belief in对.的信仰 , 相信candidate for候选人 , 人选check on 检查, 阻止claim for sth要求collision with sb/sth碰撞 , 冲突comment on /about 对. 的评论compromise between/on 折中 , 妥协concentration

31、on sth专心, 集中精力11 concentration of sth集中, 聚集concern about/for/over担心confidence in对. 的信任 , 相信connection between;关系, 连接consent to sth同意contact with sb/sth 联系，接触contest for sth争夺, 竞争contradiction between矛盾 , 不一致contrast to/with sth对比, 对照contribution to贡献, 捐献, 促成conversation with sb对话damage to sth 损坏dang

32、er to sb/sth危险decision on/against做/ 不做.的决定decrease in sth .的减少defence against防御, 保卫delegate to参加. 的代表demand for 对. 的需求departure from离开desire for sth渴望difference不同 , 差异difference分歧between.in.between . over . dispute about争论 , 辩论distinction between区别doubt about/as to怀疑effect on对.的作用emphasis on 对. 的强调

33、, 注重encounter with遭遇, 遇到enthusiasm about/for热情entrance to .的入口 , 入场envy of sb嫉妒exception to .的例外fancy for sth喜爱faith in对.的信任 , 信仰12 glance at 扫视gratitude to sb感激guess at sth猜测for sth hatred for/of仇恨hazard to 危险hunger for渴望impact on/ upon对. 的撞击 , 巨大影响improvement on/in对. 的改进 , 提高increase in sth增加, 增长i

34、ndependence from 独立, 自主influence on对. 的影响inquiry about对. 的查询inquiry into对. 的调查interaction with sth相互作用interference in/with干涉, 阻碍memorial to sth纪念invitation to邀请investment in sth投资loyalty to sb/sth忠诚memorial to sb/sth纪念碑objection to sth反对opponent at /in sth对手passion for对. 的强烈爱好 , 热爱precaution against

35、预防，防备pity for sb/sth怜悯preference for sth偏爱preface to .的前言preparation for preference to sth优先prejudice against/对.的偏见 , 偏重preparation for准备13 protection for sb保护protest against sth抗议provision for/against准备pull at/on sth拉, 拖ratio of sth to sth比率reaction to对. 的反应reason for原因 , 理由reference to提及, 参考regard

36、 for对. 的注意 , 尊重remedy for 补救 , 解决reply to sb/sth对. 的回答reputation for名声, 名气request for sth要求research on/into对. 的研究 , 调查resistance to对. 的抵抗 , 阻力response to 对. 的回答 , 反应responsibility for责任, 负责restrainst on sb/sth限制, 约束search for对. 的搜寻service to服务 , 贡献similarity between .的相似之处skill at技巧, 熟练solution to .

37、的解决办法sorrow at/for/over悲哀, 悲痛stress on 对.的强调supplement to sth补充, 增刊sympathy for 对. 的同情sympathy with 对. 的赞同taste for对.的爱好 , 喜爱taste in对.的审美能力tendency to sth趋向, 趋势，trust in对.的信赖 , 信任wish for欲望, 愿望形容词和副词主要考点：14 1. 形容词和副词的比较结构2. 易混淆形容词用法3. 形容词的固定搭配形容词和副词比较级可用much, far, hardly, no, a lot, still, ever, a

38、little, a bit,by far, slightly, ever, greatly,two times, a great deal等修饰表示程度易混淆的一些形容词beneficial; beneficient childish;childlike comparable;comparative our college is not comparable with yours. he is an expert on comparative literature. contemptible;contemptuous (be contemptuous of)the contemptible m

39、an is selfish and vain. there is a contemptuous look on his face. desirable;desirous (be desirous of doing something or desirous ofsomething) he is the desirable man for the position. she is desirous of seeing him again. economic;economical economic problems we should be economical of our money and

40、time. imaginative(富有想象力的 ),imaginary(想象的 existing only in your mind or imagination),imaginable(可以想象的到的 ) she is an imaginative musician. that is an imaginary character in a tale. this is the best means imaginable. ingenious; ingenuous(honest, innocent) 15 an ingenious mind can work wonders. an ingenuous smile brightened her lovely face. later( 较迟的 );latter（后面的）a later edition the latter part of the book respectable( 令人尊敬的 ) ，respectful(表示尊敬的 )respective a respectable man is respectful toward others. sensible,sensitive worth, worthy, worthwhile worth: 表语形容词，后接名词，动名词或代词。也可以做名词the book i