螺栓的锁紧力矩研究和计算方法

1、1外六角 螺栓 S（IMD）螺栓直径M（nin）DIN267性能等级（螺栓强度等级）3.65.66.98.810.912.9Fv(N)Ma (Nm)Fv(N)Ma (Nm)Fv(N)Ma (Nm)Fv(N)Ma (Nm)Fv(N)la (Nm)Fv(N)4 1M22550.13450.157100.38350. 351,1700.51 1,4155 1M2. 54850. 266550. 351,3100. 711,5500. 832,1801.182, 6205.5M36300. 371,0500. 621,7000. 992, 2501.33,1501.93, 8006M3. 58500.

2、 571,4000. 952, 2501.53, 00024, 2502.95,1007Ml1,1000. 851,8501.42, 9002.33, 90035, 7504.46, 7008、91M51,8001.73,0002.84, 8004.56, 4005.99, 4008.711,00010M62, 5502.94, 2004.86, 7507.79, 0001013, 2001515, 50013、14M84, 6507,7501212, 4001916,5002524, 3003628,40015、 1： 1MIO7, 4001412, 3002319, 7003726, 30

3、0493& 700721 45, 20019、21M1210, 800241&000402& 800653& 4008556, 50012566, 00022、 23 1M1414, 8003924, 7006439, 5001C552, 50013577, 50020090, 50024、 26 1M1620, 4005934, 0009854, 50015572, 500210107,000310125, 00027M1824, 8008141, 30013566,00021591,000300129,000430152, 000301M2031,90011

4、553, 00019085, 0003C5117, 000425166,000610195, 000321M2239, 90015566, 500260106, 000415146, 00058020& 000820244, 000361M2415, 90020076, 500330122,00053016& 000730240, 0001,0501 281, 00011M2780, 500295100,000490161,000780222, 0001,100316,0001,550369, 000461M3073, 500395122, 000660196,0001,050

5、269, 0001,450384, 0002,1001 449, 000501M3391,500540153, 000900244,0001,450326, 0001,90045& 0002, 700550, 000551M36107, 000690179, 0001,150287, 0001,850382, 0002, 450537, 0003, 450645, 00060 1M39129, 000900215, 0001,500315, 0002, 400460, 0003, 200646,0004, 500775, 00065M4214& 0001,100247, 000

6、1,850395,0002, 950526, 0003, 950740, 0005, 55088& 00070M45173, 0001,400289, 0002, 300462,0003, 700616, 0004, 950867,0006, 950 C50,000751M48195, 0001,700325, 0002, 800520,0004, 450693, 0005, 950974, 0008,400* 150, 000,80 1M52234, 0002,150390, 0003, 600624, 0005, 750832, 0007, 6501,169, 00010, 800

7、403, 000851M56270, 0002, 700150, 0004, 500719, 0007,150959, 0009, 5501,349, 00013,400L £i&ooo90M60315, 0003, 350525,0005, 550841,000& 9001.121.00011,9001.576, 00016, 700E92, 000195M64357, 0004, 000595, 0006, 700951,00010, 7001,26& 00014, 3001,784, 00021,100(2, 140, 0001六何或外人方朗丹行边亚离F

8、v-螺栓预紧力肮-螺栓扭矩返冋上层按下列公式确定最小破坏扭矩：“3” = fBtnia 式中叽=兀/16 圮irT=X * a j其中M血,lit小破坏扭矩（见表2）tTb扭转强度；Wp抗扭截面模数d唤一外螺纹小径最小值，%抗拉强度IX强度比r/ak（见表1）.表1强度比X1性能尊级889.810.912.91比值X0.840.8150. 790.75表2量小破坏扭矩標纹規格mm凤小破兀扭矩”Mh.N mmm最小破坏扭矩” MlN m88性能尊级12.98.8性能尊级12.99810.99810.9Ml0.250.0330.0360. 0400.045M50.87.6& 39.310M

9、1.20.250.0750.0820. 0920. 10M6113141617M1.40.30. 120.130.140. 16M7123252831Ml.60.350.160.180*200. 22M81.2533364044M20.40. 370400.450. 50M8X138424652M2.50.450. 820.901.0LIMIO1.566728190M30.51.51.71.92.1M10X18492102LUM3.50.62.42.73.03.3M1OX1.25758291102M40.73.63.9444-91）最个破坏扭矩值适用干6,6f和6e的甥纹手握扳手拧紧螺丝，手到

10、螺丝的距离X所用的力就是锁紧力矩。ASME标准接口螺纹G1”表示是1英寸的管螺纹，表示螺纹的内孔通径的公称尺寸是1英寸（25.4毫米）两个点是英寸的代号。管螺纹是位于管壁上用于连接的螺纹，有55度非密封管螺纹和55度密封管螺纹。 主要用來进行管道的连接，使其内外螺纹的配合紧密，有直管和锥管两种。常见的管螺纹主要包括以下儿种：NPT、PT、G等。1）NPT是National （American） Pipe Thread的缩写，属于美国标准的60度椎管螺 纹,用于北美地区，国标查阅GB/T12716-1991o2）PT （BSPT）是Pipe Thread的缩写，是55度密封圆锥管螺纹，属于惠氏螺

11、纹 家族，多用于欧洲及英联邦国家,常用于水及煤气管行业，锥度1:16,国标査阅GB/T7306-2000。国内叫法为 ZG.。3）G是55度非密封管螺纹，属惠氏螺纹家族。标记为G代表圆柱螺纹。国标査阅GB/T7307-2001UNF是United Fine Thread,即英制细牙螺纹。UNC：统一粗牙螺纹螺纹联接的拧紧力矩计算Mt=K XPoXdX 1O3 N.mK:拧紧力系数 d：螺纹公称直径P。：预紧力PjhOoXdAs也町由下面表查出A,=n xd?/4山螺纹部分危险剖面的计算直径4= （d2+d3）/2 d尸di-H/6 H：螺纹牙的公称工作高度% =（0507） Q6 螺栓材料的屈

12、服极限N/mm （与强度等级相关，材质决定）K值査表：（K值计算公式略）摩擦表而状况K(il有润滑无润滑楮加工表面0.100.12一般加工表而0 13-0 150 18-0 21表面氧化0 200.24镀禅0.180.22干燥的粗加工表面0.260 3CT S査表:螺纹性能等级3 6464 85 65 86.88.89810.9129d s 或0" 0 2N/mm21802403203004004806407209001080A$査表:螺纹公称直径d/inin3.5456781012141618202427303336公称应力截面积As/inm25 036 788 7814 220

13、128 93665884.3115157192245303353459561694817通过计算得到螺栓联接拧紧力矩如下表所示:钢结构连接用螺栓性能等级分3.6、4.6、4.8. 5.6、6.8、8.8、98、10.9, 12.9等10余个等级，其中8.8 级及以上螺栓材质为低碳介金钢或中碳钢并经热处理（淬火、回火），通称为高强度螺栓，芷余通称为普通螺栓。 螺栓性能等级标号有两部分数字组成，分别表示螺栓材料的公称抗拉强度值和屈强比值例如，性能等级4.6 级的螺栓，其含义是：1、螺栓材质公称抗拉强度达4OOMPa级；2、螺栓材质的屈强比值为0.6；3、螺栓材质的公称屈服强度达400x0.6=24

14、0MPa级性能等级10.9级高强度螺栓，英材料经过热处理后，能达到1、螺栓材质公称抗拉强度达lOOOMPa级：2、螺栓材质的屈强比值为0.9：3、螺栓材质的公称屈服强度达1000x0.9=900MPa级螺栓性能等级的含义是国际通用的标准，相同性能等级的螺栓，不管其材料和产地的区别，其性能是相間的， 设计上只选用性能等级即可表面被氧化（无润滑）的螺纹联接的拧紧力矩值（单位：N.m）件能 等级3646485.65.S6S889810 9129嫖纹IT径 d/nunnunmaxnunmaxminmaxmmmaxnunmaxnunmaxminmaxminmaxmmmaxnunmax30 330 460

15、.430610 580S10 540760.721.010.871.221.161621301831632.28196P 2.74350510 720 6S0 9609112S0 851 201.141.591371911822352052872563 593 OS43140761061 011 421351891261 771692362.022832 703 7S3 034253 795 314 556 3751532152.042 862733822 563 583.414.774.095.735.457 636138 597 6710749 20mSS62 603653.474S646

16、36 484346 085 798.106.959739 2612971042145913.0218.231563218874376125 S3S167 7710 887 2810 209 71135911651631155421 75174S244721 S530 5926 2236 71S6 32885S.43118111241574105414 76140519 681687236122.4931 4S25.3035.4231.624427379553131012.5317 5416.7023 3922.2731 1820 8829 2327 S43S9S334146 7744 5462

17、365011701662.6487.7075.171052412218530 5929.1340 7938 8554 3836 4250 984S5667 98582781 5877 69108 7787 40122 36109.25152.95131 101S3 541434 7S4S6946.376492618286 55579681 1477 2810S.199274129 831236517311139.10194.75173.SS243.4320S66292.1216542675 9672.35101.2896 461350590 43126 60120 58168S11269202

18、 5719292270 092170430385271 30379 SI325 5645578IS7465104 5199 53139.3513271185 7912442174 IS165 S92322419S 07278 69265 42371 5929S6041S04373.25522.55447 90627 0620105 S414S18141 12197.5718S.16263 42176 40246 96235 20329 2828224395 1437632526 85423 36592 70529.20740.SS635 04889 0622143 99201.58191982

19、6S.7725597358 36239 98335 97319 97447 963S3 96537.55511957167357594S06.32719.931007.90863911209 4S241S3 00256 19243 99341 $9325 32455 4530499426 99406 66569 32487 996S318650 65910 91731 9S1024 779149812S0971097 971537 1627267 6937476356 92499.69475 89666.254461562461594868328171384999 37951781332 50

20、1070 761499 061338 441S73.821606.13 224S .59303635350S944S4 7067S.59646.27904 78605 88S4S23S07 841130 9S96S 411357 171292 541809 561454112035 761817642544.702181.173053643349463692 56659.58923.41879 44123121824471154261099 301539 011319 161S46 S21758 872462 421978 732770 232473 423462.782968.104155

21、3436 |635 30S89 42S47.07 1185 891129 421581.19105S 83 1482 36 1411.7S1976 491694132371 78 2258 84)3162 38 2541 20 3557 6S 3176.50|4447.093S11 80 5336.51表面被氧化（有润滑）的螺纹联接的拧紧力矩值（单位：N.m）性能 等级364648565 868SS98109129噱纹 f£径 d/nuununmaxnunmaxnunmaxminmaxmmmaxnunmaxmmmaxmmmaxmmmaxnunirax30270 3S0 360 510

22、 4S0 6S0 450630 600850 721010 971351091521 36190163228350 430 600.57OSO0761060711000951.331 141591.522131.712392.142 992 5635940630 890.S41.181.121.5710514S1401.971692362.253152.533 543.164.433 7953151 281 791 702 392273 IS2132 9S2 843933414 774 546 365117166 39S957 671C7462.173 042S94053 865 403625

23、.074.826.755.798107 7210 81S6812.16108515201302182373 645104.S66 SO6479 06607S50S0911.339.7113.5912.951813145720 39182125.4921853C59S5277 3S7 039 849 3713128 7812 3011 71164014.05196S187426 23210829 5126 3536 S931 6244 27101044146213.9219 49185625 9S17402436232032.4S27.S43S9S3712519741 765846522073

24、OS62 6487701218.2125 4924.2833 99323745.3230 3542 4940 4656.654S.5667 9S647490 6472 841019791 04127 46109.251529514289840 5738 64541051 52721348 3067 626440901677 2S10819103 04144 2611592162 2914490202 S6173 8S243 431645.2263 3060.29S4 40SO381125475 36105 50100 4S140 67120.5S168 81160.77225 OSISO 86

25、253.21226 OS316.51271 30379 81IS62.21S7 0982.9411612110 59154.83103 6S145.15138 24193.54165.S9232.24221 18309 6624S8334S3631104435 46373.255223520SS20123 431176016464156 80219.52147 00205 SO196 00274 40235.20329.2831360439 04352 80493 924410061740529 20740 SS11999167 98159 9S223 9S21331298 64199 9S2

26、79 97266 643733031997447 96426.62597 274799567193599 94S39.927199310C7 9024152.502134920333284.66271 10379.55254 1635582338 S8474.43406 66569.32542.21759 09609 9SS539S7624S1067.479149812S0 9727223 07312 30297 43416 40396 58555.21371 79520 51495 7269401594S6832 81793301249 211115371561.5

27、2133S441873 8253MCO112oGO76543 U>3牙二一法淋§a6uj§M S55S4 o12 諾1jUOO 占OI-3 biJOM69O3GO O占 s00125 O3MHVOo97ogoft19 -* 吐&32ftM7153»*7S5峑3厉>o93oO3o若1g2sJO2?冶3UJ92>*oCO27扮4 掛2 OoGO SoUj1U dOj35O吕 d1o3i7-*24b52呂Ooa3113i迖也005材&9JO5£3呂d*17O1o匕1333協4g&6宏3W216o材o呂15 o*M直呂8

28、3La39355Oi73胡1b2oogsg» o v»352<ZIbi «H-*2场8 呂53 *3121匕2og!5 GO这COOj3g27&4 Im726o <o31K GO 2 ife32as£茗 Oj56r> S6UJ3OJco525CDg1-6 bo2§o言ftM2ig495CO5252呂1217122含OS£co桔5g2岂5ig100 GO吕£眾i9£tA * 铝783歩2M1修81匕LaM12& £23i9O9555s2 訝呂19 bo2WKU73出

29、67;226-3377 GO73S263O71o5s吕21£7s3fe235越11 o 9g?GOCO o£ d9273諾281冶2kS吕 ss材工 g»A4 33GO472f31迖1»*2110S69|5MSa左找33匕*1539521335 匕 ftMco513176631235 301647 071411 7818S2 372117662647 OS总1t* s3705 9131765024167.7523484223 66313.1329S.2141750279 58391 41372.77521.SS447.32626.25596 43835

30、0067098939 38S3S.731174.221006471409 0627245 3S343 53327 IS458.05436 23610 73408 97572 56545.29763416543591609872 471221 45981 531374141226 911717671472 292061 2030333 234665344431622.04592 42829 3S555 39777 55740.521036 73SSS.621244071184831658761332 941S66111666 172332 641999 402799 1733453.466348

31、460461346.46806.15112S61755 771058 071007 691410761209231692.921612.302257.221813842539 372267 303174.222720.763SO9 0636582.36S15 30776 4S1OS7O71035 301449 42970 601358 S31294131811 78155295217414207060289S852329 433261 202911 794076.50349415绵91 80镀锌（冇润滑）的螺纹联接的拧紧力矩值（单位：N.m）杵能 等级364648565.868889810 9

32、129蝶纹径 d/nimmmmaxnunmaxminnwxminmaxminmaxnunmaxnunmaxnunmaxmmmaxmm:nax30240 340.330 460 430610 410570 540760650910871.220 9S1371.221.71147205350 3S0 540.510 720 680960 640 900S51.201.031441371911 542.151.922.692313 234057OSO0761061011420951331 261 771.522122022832 283192S43 983 414 7851 151611.532.1

33、52 042 861P22682563 583074294095 734606445.75S056909 6661952.742.603 653474863264564346 085.217 296959737 8110949.7713.6S11.7216 4173 2S4 594376125 83S165 467 657 2810 20S7412 24116516 3113111835163922 9419 6627 53S4746 646.328 858 4311S1791110710541476126,177116 87236118 9726 5623.7233.202S4639 841

34、09 40131312.5317.54167023 391566219220 8829 2325.0635 08334146 7737 5852.6246.9865.7756 3S78.9312163922 94218530 59291340 7927 3138 2436 4250 9S43 7C61 IS58 27SI 5865 5591 77SI 94114.729S33137 661426 OS365134 784S6946 37649243 4760 3657 96SI 1469 5,97 379274129 8310433146 06130.41182.57156 49219 091

35、640 695697542675.9672 351012867 82949590 43126 6010S.521519314469202”162 78227S9203.47284.86244.1734183IS55997S 3S7465104 5199 53139 3593 31130 641244217418149 30209 02199 07278 6922395313 53279 9439191335 92470 29为79 3S111.13105 S414818141.121975713230185.22176 40246 962116829635282243951431752444.

36、53396.90555.66476.2S666.7922107 99151 18143 99201 58191 98268 77179 9825197239 9S335 972S7 97403 163S3 96537 5543196604 74539 9575592647 94907.1124137 25192141S3 0025619243 99341 59228 743202430499426 99365 99512 394S7 996S3 1S548 99768 586S6.23960.72823 4S1152 8727200 7728107267 6937476356 92妙69334

37、6146S46446.1562461535.38749 53713 84999 37SO3O71124291003831405 371204.6016S6 4430272653S1 70363 53508 94484 70678 594544163617605 SSS4S 23727 061017S8969 411357 171090 581526 S21363 23190S 521635 SS2290 233337101519 42494 6S69256659 58923 41618 35S65 70824471154.269S9 371385 111319161S46 8214S40520

38、77 671855 062597 092226073116 5036476 4766706635 30889 42S47 071185 89794121111.77105S.831482.36127O.CO1778.841694132371 781905902668 2623S2373335 322858.85<0238干燥的粗加匸表面的螺纹联接的拧紧力矩值（单位：N.m）件能 等级364.648565868S39810912.9嫖仅 £L径 d/nunnunmaxnunmaxmmmaxnunmaxminmaxminmaxminmaxminmaxnimmaxnunmax3035

39、0 570470760 631010 590 950 7S1.27C941 521 262031412 2S1.772.S52.123 423.50560 900.741200 9915909314912319914S2391973193 592.7S4.4S3 335 3840821331.101.771462 361372.211832952.193 542924723 295.314.116.644937P751662 6S2.223 582954 772 774473 695 964.437165 919 54665107483113429 97161062824563.766 0S5

40、.02S104 707 60627101315312.1610 03162111291823141122.79169327 3574737 6563110208 4213597 8912.7410521699126220 3916S32719189430 5923.6738 2328.4045 88S68511079141476121819 6S11421S4515.23246018 2729 5124 3639 3527 4144 2734 2655.3441.1166 411013.572192181029 23241338 9S226236 54301648.7236 1958 4648

41、 267795542987 7067 S6109 628143131541223673824引5650 9842 0867 9S39 4563735260S49763 1210197S417135 969469152 9511836191 1914203229 4314376760 8650.2381.1466 98108 1962.791014383 72135.241C0.46162 2913395216 38150 70243 431S83730429226“36515165S7S94957S 37126 60104 5016SS197 97158 2613062211 011,6.7525321209 00337