铅酸电池的生态效率-Els-cdn

1、The Multilevel Cycle of Anthropogenic LeadII. Results and DiscussionGraedeF12 3J.S. Mao, Jaimee Dong and T.E.Beijing Normal University. No 19 Xinjiekouwai Street. Beijing, China, 100875 En viro nmental En gi neeri ng, Yale Un iversity, P.O. Box 208286. New Have n, CT06520-8286 USACen ter of In dustr

2、ial Ecology. Yale Uni versity, 205 Prospect Street, New Have n, CT06511 USASupplementary materialThe suppleme ntary material for this paper con sists of the follow ing:1. Lead cycles for year 2000 for forty-six coun tries in cluded in our study. Similar cycles for France,In dia, Italy, Japa n, Un it

3、ed Kin gdom, and the Un ited States are in cluded in the paper in self.2. Table S1. Characteristic ratios for lead cycles in 2000.Corresponding author. Tel: +1 203 432 9733; fax: +1 203 432 5556.E-mail address (T.E. Graedel)ILead 2000System Boundary Algeria (DZ) ”'?STAF Pro

4、ject, Yale University, 2006System Boundary Argentina (AR)?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006iLead, 2000Lead, 2000System Boundary Australia (AU) ” ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000System Boundary Austria (AT) ” ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000 .Other Regio ns -.-.JkConcent

5、rateRefinedSemis, FinishedScrap!i8Pb 87products 10630.8iF理r1ri-57.9ProductsDiscardsPbProducti on*4.24* 25L sc sp57Fabricati on&Man ufactureUseWaste Mgt.158*5.7893.4& Recycli ngStockLead, 2000Lith.Slag 1.87Em0.54Eu58.5EW20.4- Repositories+81.4Li: Discard 1.6313.27 l1Jsciap 1091r 1tLead, 2000L

6、ead, 2000Lead, 2000System Boundary Belgium-Luxembourg(BL) ” ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000Lead, 2000System Boundary Brazil (BR) ” ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000Lead 2000System Boundary Canada (CA) ”?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006System Boundary Chile (CL) ” ?STAF

7、 Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000Lead, 2000System Boundary China (CN) ” ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000Lead, 2000Lead, 2000Lead, 2000System Boundary Colombia (CO) ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000Lead 2000System Boundary Denmark (DK)?STAF Project, Yale University,

8、 2006.Other Regions -I B is h a bi4 4*1- I System Boundary Egypt (EG) ” ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000Lead, 2000System Boundary Finland (Fl) ” ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000System Boundary Germany (DE) ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000System Boundary Indo

9、nesia (ID)?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000Lead 2000System Boundary Greece (GR) ”.-38.1?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006-Other RegionsSystem Boundary Indonesia (ID)?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000System Boundary Indonesia (ID)?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 20

10、00Lith.RefinedPb 48Producti onSemis, Finished products 9.7RefinedPb66Scrap 18.8Slag 0.75Scrap0.11Fabricati on&Man ufactureProductsDiscards50.642.3Waste Mgt.& Recycli ng2.81Discard 1.69,Em 1.13Eu13.5Ew28.0Repositories+43.3System Boundary Indonesia (ID)?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead,

11、 2000Lead, 2000System Boundary Iran (IR) ” ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000Lead, 2000Lead, 2000System Boundary Ireland (IE) ” ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000Lead 2000System Boundary Israel (IL) ”?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006System Boundary Kazakhstan (KZ) ?STAF Pr

12、oject, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000Lead 2000System Bound ary Kenya (KE) ”?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Other R'egions 1_4RefinedPb 721Semis, Finished products 52.9F1Scrap 1.02-124DiscardsPbProductsLith.Producti on201SP84Fabricati on&Man ufactureUseWaste Mgt.13042.453.3& Recycli

13、ng1 J1I3.58；：Discard 2.1511Ti1Scrap 33.3111r1II Slag 1.33Em 1.43Eu33.9Ew24.7 I¥ V F.l .1 B 4 B-Repositories -g .| ii a p |g . a +61.4System Boundary Malaysia (MY)?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000-26.7Other Regi onsConcentrate12Ore181RefinedPb 16Producti on415.5SCSemis, Finished pro

14、ducts 24.6RefinedPb257Scrap 80.2Tailings .19 9Slag 3.67Lith.-181Lead, 2000A L.Scrap1.96Fabricati on&Man ufactureProductsDiscards267156Waste Mgt.& Recycli ng7.53Discard 4.52Em3.01Eu28 rEW85.5 I « iw * v > I4 aRepositories+140-System Boundary Mexico (MX) ” ?STAF Project, Yale Universit

15、y, 2006System Boundary Morocco (MA) ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000Lead, 2000System Boundary Netherland (NL) ” ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000Lead, 2000Lead, 2000System Boundary New Zealand (NZ) ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000-2.8Other Regi onsLith.&

16、Recycli ng18.5RefinedSemis, FinishedScrapPb 4products 11.2F12.3ProductsDiscardsPbLead, 2000Producti on*-Fabricati on&Man ufactureEm 0.2015.0UseEu2.08 专4 丄 ''RepositoriesWaste Mgt.Ew 6.19+8.5System Boundary Norway (NO) ” ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006System Boundary Peru (PE) ” ?STA

17、F Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000Philipines (PH)System BoundaryLead, 2000?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006System Boundary Russia (RU) ”?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000System Boundary Russia (RU) ”?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000System Boundary Poland (PL) ” ?S

18、TAF Project, Yale University, 2006System Boundary Russia (RU) ”?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000System Boundary Russia (RU) ”?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000Lead 2000System Boundary Portugal (PT) ”-59.4?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Other Regi ons Concentrate12Refined

19、45Semis, Finished products 39.7Scrap13.3System Boundary Russia (RU) ”?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000System Boundary Russia (RU) ”?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000Producti onRefined PbFabricati onProductsUseDiscardsWaste Mgt.+ 18 + 6&1 12.4ip& Recycli ngL SC -丄S巳83

20、Man ufacture116lSiock 189.1Ore17.9Tailings3.95 耳号 Slag 1.98Em 1.33Eu14.5Ew67.2Lith.-17.9Ir F , J! I q V-Repositories -+88.93.33Discard 2.011AiScrap 1411F11Lead 2000System Boundary Saudi Arab (SA)'?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006-24.2Lith.RefinedPb 121 rSemis, Finished products 12.2Producti o

21、nr1i SP .RefinedPb14Fabricati on&Man ufactureEm1.05ProductsDiscards25.210.1Eu1.17RepositoriesWaste Mgt.& Recycli ngew 10.1+12.4System Boundary Russia (RU) ”?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000System Boundary Russia (RU) ”?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000System Boundary

22、 Singapore (SG) ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006System Boundary Russia (RU) ”?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000Lead 2000System Boundary South Africa (ZA)?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead 2000System Boundary South Korea (KR)?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006'-+2.75rk -:Co

23、ncentrate : 68RefinedPb 99Semis, Finished products 38.8Scrap5.08-Other Regions Producti onRefined PbFabricati onProductsUseDiscardsWaste Mgt.卓17&Man ufacture1671 7.45132& Recycli ng219:SC :1 Stock IOre60.748.14Scrap 122Discard 4.07>LTailings9.71Lith.Slag 1.83Em 1.36Eu26.7Ew27.9-60.7Reposi

24、toriesI ¥» I I I «Lead, 2000System Boundary Spain (ES) ” ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000System BoundarySweden(SE) ”?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000System Boundary Swiltzerland(SW) ” ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006F' -108、Other Regions 'Slag 2.

25、3Lith.Lead, 2000RefinedPb 108Producti onSP!RefinedPbProductsDiscardsFabricati on&Man ufactureUse24.3Waste Mgt.& Recycli ngi Discard 4.357.25卜A4-IScrap 5/.31 ir170156113Em 2.90Eu18.6I EW,66.8Repositories+90.7System Boundary Taiwan (TW) ”?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000System Bou

26、ndary Thailand (TH)?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000System BoundaryTunisia (TN) ”?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000System Boundary Turkey(TR) ” ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000System Boundary Ukraine (UR) ” ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000System B

27、oundary United Arab Emirates (AE) ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Lead, 2000System Boundary Venezuela (VE) ?STAF Project, Yale University, 2006Table S1. Characteristic ratios for lead cycles in 2000World and regi onsWorldAFASCISEULACMENAOCAccumulati on ratio0.11-0.020.17-0.110.040.13Recycli ng ratio0.660.860.470.440.710.630.550.720.73Secon dary supply ratio0.570.740.290.740.610.570.490.631.00Coun triesDZEGKEMAZATNCNINIDJPMYPHSGKRTHAccumulati on ratio00.28-0.15-0.580.170.45-0.10-0.070.330.120.550.220.21Recycli ng ratio0.92-0.670.660.960.060.720