国际商法必要性拓展

1、课堂加油站 fightingAmy JiangLegal EnglishRescind the contract Rescind the contract 撤销撤销合同合同 Force Force majeure majeure 不可抗力不可抗力Expectation interest Expectation interest 期待期待利益利益Reliance interest Reliance interest 信赖信赖利益利益Restitution interest 返还利益Plaintiff / claimant 原告Defendant 被告Fundamental breach 根本违约

2、Anticipation of a fundamental breach 预期违约suspension of performance 中止履行Legal EnglishCivil law/ continental Civil law/ continental law law 大陆法大陆法Case law/common law Case law/common law 英美法英美法Negotiable instrumentsNegotiable instruments 票据票据International treatyInternational treaty 国际条约国际条约Public law P

3、ublic law 公法公法Private law 私法Offer 要约Counteroffer 反要约Invitation offer 要约邀请Validity 效力Lapse of offer Lapse of offer 要约失效要约失效Revocation of offer Revocation of offer 要约撤销要约撤销Withdrawal of offer Withdrawal of offer 要约撤回要约撤回Acceptance Acceptance 接受接受/ /承诺承诺Mitigate damages Mitigate damages 降低损失降低损失Compel

4、specific performance 要求实际履行Aggrieved party 利益受损方Suspension of performance 中止履行Anticipation of a fundamental interest 预期违约Be entitled to 对某事享有权利Legal EnglishDissolutionDissolution解散解散Co-ownership Co-ownership 共同管理共同管理Joint contribution Joint contribution 共同出资共同出资Unlimited liability Unlimited liabilit

5、y 无限责任无限责任Share profits Share profits 共享盈利共享盈利Share Share risks risks 共担风险共担风险Good faithGood faith诚实诚实信用信用GroundsGrounds基基础础，理由（法律英，理由（法律英语语中以复中以复数形式出数形式出现现）Judicial decreeJudicial decree法庭判决法庭判决Partnership agreementPartnership agreement合伙合伙协议协议Wind upWind up清算清算LiquidatorLiquidator清算清算人人an inventor

6、y of the property财产清单ProceedingsProceedings诉讼诉讼claims and debts 债权和债务residual property剩余财产Arbitrations仲裁a statement of assets and liabilities资产负债表AgencyAgency代理代理PrincipalPrincipal被代理人被代理人the third partythe third party第三人第三人Fiduciary dutyFiduciary duty诚信义务诚信义务ConfidentialityConfidentiality保密保密 obedi

7、enceobedience遵守遵守Double-agent prohibitionDouble-agent prohibition禁止双向代理原则禁止双向代理原则Contingent compensationContingent compensation权变报酬权变报酬Procuring causeProcuring cause引致原因引致原因Reimburse / indemnify Reimburse / indemnify 补偿、赔偿补偿、赔偿Direct representationDirect representation直接代理直接代理Indirect representation

8、Indirect representation间接代理间接代理Disclosed principalDisclosed principal显名代理显名代理Undisclosed principalUndisclosed principal隐名代理隐名代理Primary factorPrimary factor首要原因首要原因ShareholderShareholder股东股东PromoterPromoter发起人发起人Limited liabilityLimited liability有限责任有限责任Common stockCommon stock股票股票Debt securityDebt s

9、ecurity债券债券Piercing the corporate veilPiercing the corporate veil揭开公司神秘面纱揭开公司神秘面纱DividendDividend分红分红Limited liability Limited liability companycompany有限责任公司有限责任公司Legal personLegal person法人法人Registered capitalRegistered capital注册注册资本资本Legal representativeLegal representative法定代表人法定代表人DirectorDirecto

10、r董事董事SupervisorSupervisor监事监事BranchBranch分公司分公司Subsidiary company Subsidiary company 子公司子公司joint stock limited joint stock limited companycompany股份有限公司股份有限公司Normal sentence pattern in legal English1. otherwiseotherwise 根据其搭配主要有如下释义：除.之外其他在法律英语中，otherwise常和unless连用，或置放在or后使用。还有一种用法是和than一起，常用来否定句子主语。

11、 Otherwise Otherwise 与与 unless unless 的搭配，表示除外的搭配，表示除外In this contract, unless the context otherwise requires, In this contract, unless the context otherwise requires, “goods”means“goods”means . .在本协议所称货物，除条款另有规定外，是指在本协议所称货物，除条款另有规定外，是指.Unless in any enactment it is otherwise provided.Unless in any

12、enactment it is otherwise provided.除成文除成文法另有规定外法另有规定外由此可见，在由此可见，在otherwise otherwise 和和unlessunless搭配使用时，搭配使用时，unlessunless可以可以放在句首，组成放在句首，组成 unless+unless+主语主语+otherwise+otherwise+谓语谓语Otherwise 和 or 连用，表示“及其他”的意思。Eg: an offer may not be revoked if it expressly indicates, whether by stating a fixed

13、time for acceptance or otherwise, that it is irrevocable. 要约人确定了承诺期限，或者以其他方式明示要约不可撤销的，要约不可撤销。Otherwise 和 than 连用，表示“除 方式之外”Eg: no will shall berevoked otherwise than: 除以下方式外，任何遗嘱不得撤销2.subject to2.subject to该短语在法律英文中一般都跟agreement，section，contract等法律文件名或文件中特定条款名配合使用。通常可翻译成“以为条件”、“根据规定”、“在符合的情况下以及“在不抵触

14、下等。例如：Eg: The terms and conditions shall subject to our final confirmation. 条约和约定应当以我方最终确认为准。Eg: Subject to this section, the payment shall be根据本条规定，支付应当以3.where 3.where 引导的条件从句，相当于引导的条件从句，相当于 in the case in the case where, where, 意为：意为： 凡凡.Eg: where a defendant is fined and the same is not forthwith paid, the magistrate may order the defendant to be searched. 凡被告人被判处罚款，但没有随即缴纳罚款的，裁判官可命令搜查被告人。Eg: where a person stated in the preceding paragraph,凡前款所规定的人员4. for the purpose of 4. for the purpose of 为了为了. .目的目的Eg: