(完整word)浙江省杭州市高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习(4)

1、-1 -杭州市 2015 高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习（4）及答案阅读理解Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage tha n they cure. One soluti on to this problem isto put the drugs in side a capsule, protect ing them from the body and the body from them untilthey can be released at just the right spot. There are lotsof ways to trigger

2、 （弓丨发）this release ， includingchanging temperature, acidity, andso on. But triggers can come with their own risks bur ns, for example. Now, researchers in Californiahave designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-in frared light （NIR,近红外线 ）on the drug in the capsule.The idea of

3、using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isnt n ew.Researchers around the globe have developed polymers （聚合物）and other materialsthat begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet（UV,紫外线）or visible light. But tissues alsoreadily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug relea

4、se can be triggered only n ear the skin,where the light can reach the capsule.NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But fewcompounds （化合物）absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.That cha nged last year whe n Adah Almutairi, a chemist atth

5、e Uni versity ofCalifor nia, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had desig ned a polymer that breaks downwhen it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group calledo-nitrobenzyl（ONB） . When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leadi

6、 ng to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIRabsorber, and it could be pois onous to cells whe n it separates from the polymer.So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creatinga new material for capsulesthats even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked

7、 inapolymer. Cresol contains reactive （易反应的 ）components that make ithighly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. Afterpolymerizingthe cresols, they cap each reactive componentwith a light-absorb ing compo und called Bhc.When the Bhcs absorb NI

8、R light, thereactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional lightcontinues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. Whats more, Almutairi says,Bhc is 10 times better at absorb ing NIR tha nis ONB and is not pois onous to cells.-

9、2 -63. Accord ing to the passage, which of the followi ng could be the besttrigger?-3 -A. Temperature cha nge. B. NIR light.C. Acidity cha nge. D. UV light.64. Why is ONB un satisfactory?A. It breaks dow n whe n it absorbs NIR light.B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.C. It has not

10、 come onto the market up till now.D. It is not effective eno ugh and could be pois ono us.65. Which word can be used to complete the follow ing process of cha nges?Drug is released.A. protected B. formedC. exposed D. comb ined【要点综述】这是一篇科技文。怎样使用胶囊？如何让吃药更加安全、疗效更好？文章对此做了介绍。63. B信息理解题。根据第一段最后一句Now, rese

11、archers in California havedesigned what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrare d light （NIR， 近红外线）on thedrug in the capsule. ”可知答案。64. D推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句ONB groups fall off the polymer,leading to its breakdown. ”口and it could be poisonous to cells”可知答案。65. C 信息理解题。根据最后一段第五句 When the

12、 Bhcs absorb NIR light, thereactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short cha ins.”可知此处用 exposed，即 C 项正确。社会生活类Two friends have an argume nt that breaks up their frien dship forever, even thoughneither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen ove

13、r and over inhigh schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violenee,“In ourcountry today, the greatest threat to the lives of childrenBhcs absorb NIR.Part of the cresol isPolymer breaks dow n.-4 -and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but th

14、e terrible reality of viole nee ” .Given that this is the case, why aren t stude nts taught to man ageconflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, stude nts n eed to realize that con flict is un avoidable. A report onviole nee among middle

15、 school and high school stude nts in dicates that most viole ntincidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult （侮辱）.For example, a fight could startover the fact that one stude nt eats a pea nut butter san dwich each lun chtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to in sults, which

16、in tur n can leadto violenee. The problem isn t in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the con flict.Once stude nts recog nize that con flict is un avoidable, they can practice the golde nrule of con flict resoluti on （解决） : stay calm. Once the stude nt feels calmer, heor she should choo

17、se words that will calm the other pers on dow n as well. Rude words, name- calling,and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, soft words spoke n at a no rmalsound level can put out the fire before it explodesout of con trol.After both sides have calmed dow n, they can us

18、e ano ther key strategy （策略）forconflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other.One personshould describe his or her side, and the other person should listenwithout in terrupt ing. Afterward, the liste ner can ask non- threate ning questi ons to clarify the spe

19、aker s position. Then the two people should change roles.Fin ally, stude nts n eed to con sider what they are heari ng. This does n t mean tryingto figure out what s wrong with the other pers on .It means un dersta nding what the real issue is andwhat both sides are trying to accomplish. For example

20、, a shouti ng match over a pea nut butter san dwichmight happe n because one pers on thinks the other person is unwillingto try new things.Students need to ask themselves questions suchas these: Howdid this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes clearer,the conflict

21、often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn t,-5 -careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn t mean there needs to beviolenee. After students in Atlantastarted a conflict resolution program, accordingto Educators for Soci

22、al Resp on sibility,“ 64 perce nt of the teachers reported lessphysical viole nee in the classroom; 75 perce nt of the teachers reported an in creasein student cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselv es” . Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with frien

23、ds,teachers, parents,bosses, and coworkers .In that way, con flict resolution is a basic life skill thatshould be taught in schools across the coun try.1. This article is main ly about_ .A. the lives of school childrenB. the cause of arguments in schoolsC. how to analyze youth violeneeD. how to deal

24、 with school conflicts2. From Paragraph 2 we can lear n that_.A. viole nee is more likely to occur at l un chtimeB. a small con flict can lead to viole neeC. stude nts tend to lose their temper easilyD. the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight3. Why do stude nts n eed to ask thems

25、elves the questi ons stated in Paragraph 5?A. To find out who is to blame.B. T o get ready to try new things.C. To make clear what the real issue is.D. To figure out how to stop the shoutingmatch.-6 -4. After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was foundthat _.A. there was dec

26、rease in classroom viole neeB. there was less student cooperation in the classroomC. more teachers felt better about themselves in schoolsD. the teacher- stude nt relati on ship greatly improved5. The writer s purpose for writing this article is to_A. compla in about problems in school educati onB.

27、teach stude nts differe nt strategies for school lifeC. advocate teach ing con flict man ageme nt in schoolsD. inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence【参考答案】41.DBCAC【山东省潍坊市 2014 高考英语一模试题】DToday, we are told , childre n don t spe nd eno ugh time in the fresh air . Many of them are add

28、ictedto a scree n either on a computer or a TV they seem to be livi ng in avirtual world . They have lost touqh with nature.But now 400 organizationsin the UK from playgroups to the National Health Service ,are encouraging children to have some “wild time ”. They wan t kids to swap at least 30 minut

29、es ofwatching TV or playing computer games for time playingoutside . Activities such as buildi ng dens, climb ing trees, rummagi ng for con kers and play ing hide and-7 -seek are just some of the things kids can do. Even if they live in a city , they can go on adventures in thegarden or the park.Chi

30、ldren often need a helping hand from mum and dad. They need to be shown what todo and where to go. Andy Simps on from Nati onal Health Service says，“ Wewa nt pare nts to see whatthis magical wonder product does for their kids development , independence and creativ ity , by givingwild time a go ”.So

31、despite the complicated worldthat young people grow up in now , it seems thatgoing back to basics and experiencing “nature s playground ” is what modern children need. DavidBond from Project Wild Thing says，“ We need to make more space for wildtime in children s daily routine , freeing this generati

32、on of kids to have the sortof experie nces that many of us tookfor gran ted ”.This might sound a bit old fashioned to you or maybe, like me , it s made you thinkabout stickingon your boots , gettingoutdoors and relivingyour childhood . There sno age limit on enjoying yourself!56. What is the best ti

33、tle of the text?A. Wild time for childre n B. Ben efits of wild timeC. More space for children D. Adventures of children57. Children are encouraged to do the following activities exceptA. building dens B. climbing treesC. playing hide and seek D . watching TV58.Accord ing to Andy Simps on, we know t

34、hatA.wild time is hard to designB.wild time is beneficial for childrenC.parents know the importanee of wild timeD.pare nts like keep ing their childre n in doors59. What s the main idea of Paragraph 4 ?A. Modem children need wild time . B . Adults value outdoor activities .-8 -C. The prese nt world

35、is complicated. D . This gen eratio n of kids have no freedom.60 . The last paragraph suggests that-9 -C. it is too late for adults to enjoy nature D. people at any age can enjoy wildtime【参考答案】56 60、ADBAD【四川省 2014 高考英语仿真模拟试题】EGrow n-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know

36、thatif we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby havethis un dersta nding?To see whether babies know objects are solid, T. Bower designed a method forprojecting an optical illusion（ 视觉影像）of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, onethey could

37、reach out and touch, and the n to show them the illusion. If they knew that objects are solid andthey reached out for the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in theirfaces andmoveme nts. All the 16-to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised whe n they reachedfor th

38、e illusi on and found that the ball was not there.Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a boxi n a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But doesa baby realize that a ball that rolls un der a chair does not disappear and go ton ever

39、- never land?Experimentsdone by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanencewhe n they are about 18 weeks old. In his experime nts, Bower used a toy train that went beh ind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear beh ind the left side of th

40、escree n, they looked to the right, expect ingit to reappear. If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemedsurprised not to see the train. This seems to show that allthe babies had a sense of object perma nen ce. But the sec ond part of the experime nt

41、A. people li,ke recalling the past.it is out of date to go outdoors-10 -showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted（ 替换）a ball for the train when itwent behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised-11 -and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-

42、week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch（ 更换） . Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence, ” while the22 perma nence related to a particular object.47. The passage is mainly about_A. babies sense of sight babiesfeeli ngsobject_bey ond reach49. What did Bow

43、er use in his experime nts?50. Which of the following statements is true?A. The babies did n t have a sense of direct ion.B. The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.C. The youn ger babies liked look ing for miss ing objects.D. The babies couldn t tell a ball from its optical illusion【参考答案】47-

44、50 CABD较难题目特训：科普知识类Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your futurerisk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately:the air you breathe.Previous studies have lin ked high exposure （暴露） to environmen tal polluti

45、on to an in creasedrisk of heart problems, but two an alyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke（中风）with in as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found thatpeople exposed to high levels-week-oldB. effects of experime nts onC. babies understanding of objectsD. differe nttests on babies48. In Paragraph 3,object perma nencemea ns that whe n out of sight, anA. still existsB. keeps its shapeC. still stays solidD. isA. A chair.B. A screen.C. A film.D. A box.-12 -of polluta nts（污染物）were up to