【31-65天】雅思大作文开头、主体、结尾攻略

1、大作文的类型：单边支持/反对陈述利弊分析解决构成：引言段 + 主体段 + 结论段一、引言段组成：开头句（ opening sentence）+ 中心论点 步骤：引入话题，同义转述，再根据写作任务表达中心论点i、opening sentence 五种方法:（一） 、引人入胜 思路：用一个比较有趣的话题先吊起考官的胃口，并吸引他们往下看题目 1：many schools demand the students to wear uniforms. some peoplethink that such a practice can undermine their personality and ind

2、ividuality.范文：the issue of whether the practice of requiring students to wearschool uniforms will affect their personality and individuality is of greatinterest to many people.备选：be of great concern for many parents引起父母的关注be of great importance to many scientists对科学家来说至关重要be of great significance to

3、 both a and b对于 a和 b 都是非常重要的大作文的开头探讨双方半支持半反对多重选择题目 2.：人类如何定义和追求幸福，这样的问题引起公众广泛的争议。 范文：the question of how human beings can define and pursue happiness is amatter of much contention among the general public.备选：the question of _ has been widely debate in theworld of politics.（二） 、力排众议 思路：先驳斥大众的某个普遍但却错误

4、的观念，指出其与现实不符，然后提出自己的想法 或正确想法，并在主体段列举各种理由、证据以及活生生和例子来论证。套路：although it is + 副词 + 过去分词 + that .，this is .题目 1：the older generations have very traditional ideas about the correctways of life, thinking and behavior. however, some people think that theseideas are not helpful for the young generations to

5、prepare for modern life.范文 1：although it is commonly believed that conventional views about ahealthy lifestyle and proper conduct are no longer to young peoplesneeds today, this is actually not the case.题目 2：越来越少人照看年老的亲属，而是把他们送到专业人士那边去。范文 2：although many people subscribe to the belief that their old

6、relatives can be taken better care of in a nursing home, this is in fact acommon misconception that we need to clear up. from my point of view,it is the younger family members who should really be responsible forlooking after these old people during the rest of their lives.释义： 普遍认为，但事实并非如下。although

7、it is commonly believed that , this is actually not the case.许多人认同这样的观点 ，但事实上这却是一种我们需要去澄清的普遍错误观念。 although many people subscribe to the belief that ., this is infact a common misconception that we need to clear up.大众观念认为.，但是现实状况却远比这种观念复杂得多。although conventional wisdom has it that., the reality of th

8、e situation isoften far more complicated than that.释义：subscribe to 订阅、同意、预订 conventional wisdom大众观念(三)、放眼世界 思路：从“时间”或“地点”的跨度着手，比如：过去怎么样？题目 1：some people support the development in agriculture, such as farmingindustry and the scientific creation of new types of fruit and vegetables. othersoppose this

9、 development.discuss both views and state your opinion.范文：recentdecadeshavewitnessedamajortransformationinagriculturaldevelopment, where industrial technologies are being employed and newvarieties of crops are being created.yet, opponents of this development haveraised a number of difficult question

10、s. from my opinion of views, this is a reallycomplicated matter, and we need further investigations to understand thebigger picture.备选：recent decades have witnessed an increase awareness of释义：understand the bigger picture 了解事物的全貌题目 2：with divorce rates and family breakdowns increasing globally, it i

11、sgenerally accepted that families today are not as close they used to be.范文 2：divorce and family breakdown were virtually unheard of just 100 years ago.now, however,almosthalfofallmarriagesfail.thisphenomenonissymptomatic of the growing distance between family members in society.(四)、兼收并蓄题目 1：谁该为修路付费

12、，个人还是政府？范文：some people hold the opinion that the government should makemore investments is expanding and improving road systems,whereasothers who are not so convinced present the counterargument that it is theresponsibility of the growing number of private car users to deal with thehuge costs. in my

13、 opinion, both sides of the argument have theirown reasons, and we need a detailed analysis to get to the root of thiscontroversy.(五)、 异军突起题目 1：谈个人科技的发展与贫富差异范 文1 ：withthehugeexpansionofhightechnologiesavailabletoindividuals, it is sometimes argued that economic and cultural gapsbetween the rich and

14、poor are being further widened.题目 2：淡大型超市和商场的急剧扩张.范文 2：with the unprecedented explosion of large supermarkets andshopping malls, a lot of small local shops have quietly disappeared whilethe remaining ones are struggling for hopeless survival.释义：unprecedented explosion前所未有的爆发范文 3：with the continuous

15、and gradual evolution of mass media, manyserious crimes are now described in greater detail on newspapers,television and the internet, raising considerable public concern overpersonal safety and social stability.范文 4：with the mass extinction of endangered and rare species, manycountries have taken h

16、arsh measures against illegal hunting, unregulateddumping of industrial waste and rampant destruction of their naturalhabitats by human developers.ii、中心论点(一）单边支持/反对类型提问：do you agree or disagree with this statement?范文 1： （反对）in my opinion, these subject are not only useful but also fascinating, andit

17、 is simply too early for primary schoolchildren to study science andtechnology.（二）半支持半反对型提问：to what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?范文 2：from my point of view, （三）探讨双方型(可以参考前文“兼收并蓄”套路)提问：discuss both sides and give your own opinion范文 3：1.to my way of thinking, both sides of the a

18、rgument have their ownreasons, and we need a detailed analysis to get to the root of thiscontroversy. 双方都有理，需要仔细分析才可了解争议起因2.to my way of thinking, both these views can be justified to someextent. 一定程度上都有道理3.to my way of thinking, both these views contain some elementsof the truth, which will be disc

19、ussed in detail in the following essay.注：which 引导定语从句很自然过渡到主体段（四）分析解决型提问： in what ways could mobile phones and internet be useful to olderpeople? how canold people be encouraged to use this high technology? to my mind, （五）陈述利弊型提问：does the usefulness of this method of learning outweigh its limitation

20、s?（advantage = usefulness，disadvantage = limitations） to the best of my knowledge, （六）多重选择型（少见）提问：what others factors should be considered? of these factors, do youthink anyone ismore important than others?as far as i am concerned, 二、主体段拓展八法（一） 、举例论证(exemplification)samplesample 1 1：亚洲国家正以惊人的速度变得西方化

21、 .以中国为例,当青少年去看电影的时候,他们 一般都选择好莱坞大片而不选择国产电影.范文 1：the asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate.take china for example, when youngsters go to the movies, it is common forthem to choose hollywood blockbusters over domestic films.sampler 2sampler 2：谈大学教育的两大功能：就业与求知范文 2：to begin with, i

22、t is really helpful for university students to be taughtsome job-related skills that have already become a major focus of highereducation. a typical example can be found in the effort to develop theirinterpersonal skills now required by a growing number of companies as one ofthe most essential quali

23、ties of any job candidate.句型：anan interestinginteresting / / strikingstriking / / typicaltypical exampleexample ofof isis providedprovided byby thethestory of sb. whostory of sb. whosample 3sample 3：动物是人类的朋友.例如，海豚经常从沉船里营救船员.范文 3：animals are humans companions. to illustrate, dolphins often rescuesail

24、ors from sinking samplesample 4 4：大量证据表明，破裂家庭的子女出现情感、行为障碍或触犯法律的可能性是完整家庭子女的 23 倍。范文 4：a large body of evidence proves that children from broken familiesare two or three times as likely as those in intact families to have emotional orbehavioral problems or get into trouble with the law.sampler 5sample

25、r 5：个人教育与社会发展之间的关系（特别是）范文 5：decent education for every individual contributes significantly to theoverall well-being of society, especially/particularlyespecially/particularly whenwhen their personalachievements amount to a driving force of social progress.sampler 6sampler 6：学生的学习压力（特别强调）范文 6：it is

26、not uncommon that school teachers nowadays tend to exertundue academic pressure on young students,withwith particularparticular emphasisemphasis ononconsistently good performance in all sorts of tests and examinations.sampler 7sampler 7：这点可以通过 来说明sampler 7：it is evident from the information supplied

27、 that male are far morelikely to commit crimes. this point can be illustrated/emphasizedemphasized byby the factthat male offenders accounted for 96% of prison inmates.（二） 、引用论证思路：引用“科学证据、研究成果、学术刊物、统计数据”sample ：员工和雇主能否都获益于“在家上班”范文：there is some incontrovertible to suggest that both employees andempl

28、oyers can benefit a lot from the growing trend of telecommuting.according to a recent article publishedpublished inin thethe world-famousworld-famous naturenaturejournaljournal, while the average telecommuter can save a considerable portionoftheir travel expenses, it is estimated that their companie

29、s can cut operationalcosts by almost one third if 25% of the staff are allowed to work at home.句型：0according to a recent article published in the world-famous timetimemagazine,magazine, 0according to a recent survey conducted by a group of americanamericanresearchers of theresearchers of theuniversi

30、ty of chicago, university of chicago, 国 家americanbritishcanadianaustralian大 学university of southern californiayale universityuniversity of oxforduniversity of cambridgeuniversity of torontoyork universityuniversity of sydneyuniversity of queensland（三） 、递进论证模板：to begin withto begin with in the second

31、 placein the second place lastlylastlysample 1：科学研究应由政府还是私人机构开展范文 1 1： there are many reasons for entrusting scientific research to thegovernments rather than private companies. 支持 1to begin with, manylarge-scale and long-term research projects require substantial funding thatonly national governmen

32、ts can afford. 支持 2in the second place, first-ratescientists who enjoy international reputation are largely concentrated ingovernment-sponsored research institutions. 支 持 3lastly, since mostprivate companies are profit-orientated, the findings and conclusions fromtheir research are more likely to be

33、 skewed or biased and even represent theinterests of a small group.剖析：支持 1：大型、长期的研究项目需要大量的资金，通常只有政府有这样的财力； 支持 2：一流科学家大量集中在由政府资助的研究机构中；支持 3：私人机构大都以利益为导向，故而得出的结果可能是歪曲或带有偏见的，甚至代表某些小团体的利益。注意：不要用 last but not least，否则引起考官反感，直接用 lastly 即可!句型： （适用说明缺点）0one major problems/advantage/measure ofone major probl

34、ems/advantage/measure of0another big risk/benefit/sound approach is thatanother big risk/benefit/sound approach is furthermore,furthermore, there is a third undesirable development undesirable developmentsample 2：由广泛使用手机所带来的社会、健康和技术问题范文 2 2：it has become increasingly apparent that the widespread use

35、 of cellphones gives rise to a number of problems in modern society. 支持 1oneonemajor problems ofmajor problems of using mobile devices too regularly is that they are posinga potential threat to human health in form of the microwave radiation emitted.支持 2anotheranother bigbig riskrisk isis that cell

36、phone technology is often manipulatedand even abused to extract and sell users personal information to thoseunscrupulousunscrupulous marketing companies. 支 持 3furthermore, there is a thirdfurthermore, there is a thirdundesirableundesirable developmentdevelopment: since cell phones can provide crimin

37、als withincreased mobility and accessibility to critical data, the number of unsolvedunsolvedcrimescrimes is steadily on the rise.剖析：支持 1：健康层面 - 微波辐射对健康构成潜在的危害 支持 2：技术方面 - 技术滥用，个人信息被作为商品卖支持 3：社会层面 给犯罪分子作案增加了便利，导致悬案增加释义：pose a potential treat(risks) to 构成潜在的危害（威胁）unscrupulous肆无忌惮的undesirable不受欢迎的，可能招

38、致麻烦的unsolved crimes（四） 、对比论证（comparison and contrast）思路：正面思维枯竭时，可以换位思考（ “逆向思维”） ，通过 a a 烘托出 b b的优/ /缺点题目：探讨老师应该教会学生辩明是否？还是只负责课程教授而不管其他方面提纲：正面论述 1 道德品质的教育比知识更重要（递进法）正面论述 2 良好的行为可以促进学生的学习进步（递进法）正面论述 3 最新的研究证据表明：优秀的学生往往两面俱佳（引用法） 反面论述 1 放弃道德行为的教育会产生许多问题（对比法）悬案范例：., teaching students how to distinguish r

39、ight from wrong is matter of utmostimportance in education, especiallyespecially during their formative years.【支持 1】tbegin with, such moral education is often regarded by most teachers as muchmore important than teaching them academic knowledge. 【支持 2】ininadditionaddition, being fully aware of the d

40、ifference between right and wrongeffectively improves their own behavior, which can inin turnturn facilitatefacilitate theirtheirlearninglearning processprocess. 【支 持 3】according to a recent study conducted by ateam of canadian researchers of university oftoronto, many top students inhigh school not

41、 only perform well academically, but they alsogenerally showdecent behavior in a consistent way.【支持 4】inin sharpsharp contrastcontrast, notproviding young students with a proper moral education is a sure recipe fordisaster because a number of serious problems may result from this failure.释义：facilita

42、te their learning process促进学习（facilitate 便利、促进）a sure recipe for disaster灾难性的后果（五） 、因果认证(cause and effect)思路：分为两类讲事物原因；事情结果。模板 1 1：bebe 动词 + + 过去分词 + + 介词0be (directly) linked to .0be (strongly) related to 0be (unquestionably) tied to0be (closely) connected with 0be (largely) associated with 模板 2 2：

43、0as0since0due to0owing to0hence0thus0therefore0as a consequence/result/consequently0thereby:以此达到目的(不能用在句首,而且后面是加动名词)题目 1 1：生态问题正在被恶化,因此,我们必须采取措施解决环境问题.范文 1：the ecological problems are being aggravated; thereforetherefore, it isimperative that we take measures to combat the pollution of the 题目 2 2：政府

44、应该提高公众的环保意识,以此来促进可持续发展并且创造一个更适合人类生 存的环境.范文 2：the government should raise the public awareness of environmentalpreservation, therebythereby promoting sustainable development and creating amore livable environment.模板 3 3：0lead to (从句)0give rise to (从句)0contribute to (从句)0result in (从句)题目 3 3：many peop

45、le use distance-learning programs (study material post,tv, internet, etc) to study at home, but some think that it cannot bring asbenefits as attending college or university. to what extent to you agree ordisagree with this opinion?解析：属于半支持半反对类型：主体段一 ：提出 反对 理由写 distance learning 的好 处(benefits) 主体段二：

46、提出支持理由 写 distance learning 的坏处之一(problem1) 主体段三：提出支持理由 写 distancelearning 的坏处之二(problem2)范文 3 3：(主体段二)【主题句】despite the convenience and relatively low cost of distancelearning, it would be wiseit would be wise for us to consider it downsidefor us to consider it downside.【支持 1】one ofthe biggest proble

47、ms is that it cannot create an environment that is conduciveto the students learning process, especially the much-needed interaction withtheir professors and classmates.【支持 2】this may result in a terrible senseof disconnection and even social isolation among the learners.【支持 3】incomparison, attendin

48、g college or university is a more pleasant and excitingexperience for young students as they can combine academic learning with awide variety of social and extracurricular activities.备注：本段写作模式为“1+3”，即一个主题句+三个支持句。 【主题句】以 despite 为引导的让步状语从句开始，总结主体段一中分析的好处，可视为“转折法； 支持 1】为“递进法”； 【支持 2】为“指代法”+“因果法”； 【支持

49、3】采用了“对比法”。（六） 、指代法思路：用词出现 this,this, that,that, these,these, those,those, it, they,it, they, suchsuch 等代词，与其他方法配合应用模板 1 1：thisthis isis clearlyclearly shownshown inin thethe followingfollowingexample:example: .( .(从句) +) +举例法题目 1 1：淡新闻报纸对人们思想的巨大影响适用于传媒/网络类话题范文 1：when it comes to how public opinion

50、is formed, newspapers areunquestionably one of the strongest powers. thisthis is clearly shown in thefollowing example: many high school students in america who take the satare in the habit of citing articles from a wide variety of influential newspapersin their writing.模板 2 2：this has already been

51、proved by the case ofthis has already been proved by the case of + +举例法题目 2 2：谈越来越多年轻人失业的社会问题范文 2：there is no denying that chronic youth joblessness is a contributingfactor of social instability. thisthis has already been proved by the case ofincreased criminal activities among unemployed or underem

52、ployed urbanyoungsters, many of whom even regard these wrongdoings as a way to makea living.（七） 、转折法套路：0however, . 从句0yet, 从句0nevertheless, 从句0nonetheless, 从句0in spite of,.（八）、小结法思路：在其他方法无法使用或很难使用的时候，可以考虑用“小结法”来凑数 注意：无论多少个主体段，但 “小结法”只可用在其他一个，不可多用。构成：归纳句（归纳主体段的主要论点） ；收尾句（以下四法）三、结尾段四法词汇：0in general0on

53、 the whole0generally0in summary0in conclusion0to summarize0to conclude0to sum up归纳观点：0from the above comparison and contrast, anyone can safely concludethat0when the advantages and disadvantages are carefully compared, themost striking conclusion is self-evident.0judging from all evidence offered, w

54、e may reasonably come to/draw theconclusion that0from what has been discussed above, we may safely arrive at theconclusion that通用句型：0it is true that to do brings about both positive and negative results.0but we can try our best to reduce the negative influence to the leastextent. besides, compared w

55、ith the positives effects, the disadvantageswould not so much.0what we must do is make sure that the positive ones are encouragedandthe negative ones are eliminated as far as possible.0all these opinions make sense, and consequently it is hard to choose thebest of them. in my opinion, such matters m

56、ust be left to individualsconscience.（一） 、建议法思路：针对一个问题提出自己的建议或提出一种妥善的解决之道模板：0therefore, it is (strongly) suggested that （从句）0it is urgent (necessary) that appropriate (effective/proper) actionsit is urgent (necessary) that appropriate (effective/proper) actions(measures/steps/method) should be taken

57、 to correct (improve) 0both government and ordinary citizens should join hands to make this0world a better place to live in, not only for ourselves, but also for0future generations.题目：many parents complain that computer games have no value to theirchildren studies. on the contrary, those online game

58、s have produced a lot ofnegative on their mental and physical development. do you agree or disagreewith this view?结尾段范文：in summary,in summary, from both physiological and psychological points ofview, computer games are indeed valueless and may exert negative impact onthe development of young childre

59、n. therefore,therefore, it highly recommended thatparents and schools should be alert to this problem, and restrict childrensaccess to those computer games.（二） 、未来法思路：对事物将来的发展前景（正面/ /负面、积极/ /消极）做出合理预测，指出趋势模板：0therefore（thus）, it is projected（predicted） that （从句）0with the advent/advantage of , it is

60、forecast that（从句）0my prediction about is that （从句）0personally speaking, i envision a future when （从句）题目 1 1：some people think that visitors to other countries should respect thelocal customs and imitate the local behaviors. however, other people whodisagree with them think that the host country shou