《初中语法 现在完成时练习（无答案）》

1、现在完成时一、现在完成时的基本概念1、定义用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系: 动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。 they have left. -他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里 i have had my lunch. -我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。 he has learned english since 2001. -从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢2、构成have (has) +过去分词。规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样，在动词词尾加ed; 不规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表，需要同

2、学们记忆。3、句型：肯定句：主语+have/has + done +其他否定句：主语+have/has +not + done +其他has+ not = hasnt have+ not = havent 一般疑问句：have/has +主语 +done+其他？回答： yes , have/has. no, hasnt/ havent. 特殊疑问句：疑问代词/副词+一般疑问句二、现在完成时的主要用法用法1：强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响 （既涉及过去，又联系现在）- its so dark. -someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在

3、造成的结果是:现在很黑) - are you free? -i have finished my homework. i am free.(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)用法2：表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态.常与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。i have learnt english for more than ten years. 我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)she has swum since half an hour ago. 我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳

4、,到现在还在游)用法3：表示曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历。have you ever been to the summer palace? (你曾去过颐和园吗?)i have never driven a car. (我从开未过汽车。)用法4：现在完成时还常与句型 this is the first time，its the first time 连用。this is the first time he has driven a car. 这是他第一次开车。用法5：现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最的。its the most boring film ive ever seen. 这

5、是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。三、现在完成时的常用标志性词（一）for+一段时间，since+过去时间，表示从过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。注1): since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.i have been here (ever) since. i have been here (ever) since i graduated in 2000.注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.i have lived here for 10 years. how long have

6、 you lived here?she has stood here since 2 hour ago. how long has she stood here?（二）just, lately, recently是完成时的时间状语，just now 有a moment ago 之意，是一般过去时的时间状语。just表示“刚刚”，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间he has just come back. 他刚刚回来。they have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作the train has just arrived. 火车刚到。did yo

7、u see joan just now? 你刚才看到琼了吗？have you heard from your family lately/recently? 你最近收到家人的来信了吗？ （三）in the past few years 意思是“过去几年来”，可作现在完成时的时间状语；in the past意思是“在过去”，常作一般过去时的时间状语。 great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years. 过去几年来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。where did you work in the past? 你过去在

8、哪里工作？（四） before泛指“以前”时，可用于现在完成时中；ago表示“现在的一段时间以前”，是一般过去时的时间状语ive never been to japan before. 我以前没去过日本。she went to japan a year ago. 她一年前去了日本。he has started his work ten years before. 他十年前就已经开始他的工作了。he started his work ten years ago. 他是十年前开始他的工作的。（五）ever和never也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。前者意思是“曾经”，多见于疑问句或否定句中；后者意思

9、是“从来没有”，表示全部否定。 have you ever seen the film?” 你曾经看过这部影片吗？no. i have never seen it. 没有， 从来没看过。nobody in our class has ever been there. 我们班没有人去过那。we have never been to the great wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将never变成ever; 带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“no, never.”he has ever made dumplings.否定句: have they

10、ever travelled by train? no, never.（六）already和yet常见于现在完成时中，有“已经”之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。yet在否定句中有“还”之意。 “has the bus left yet”? 汽车开走了吗？“yes. it has already left.” 是的，已经开走了。(“no. it hasnt left yet.) 不 ，还没有开走。 注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末. i have already done my homework.¡ 否定句: i h

11、avent done my homework yet.¡ 一般疑问句: have you done your homework yet?（七）so far(到目前为止) 也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。 so far, no man has travelled farther than the moon. 到目前为止， 还没有人到月球以外旅行。四、短暂动词与延续动词 现在完成时态中和表示一段时间的状语（for，since，how long, all ones life）连用的动词必须是表示延续的情况或动作的动词，即延续性动词。如：be，have，know，live，work，

12、study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。i have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. how long has he lived here?英语中有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续，只是一瞬间就结束的动作,这类动词叫做“非延续性动词”，常见的有：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，get up，b

13、ecome，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive等。这些动词可用于现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能与for、since等表示一段时间的词连用，也不能用于how long引导的疑问句中。he has come back.（）he has come back for two hours.（×）    但在否定句中，非延续性动词也可用表示一段时间的状语来修饰，如i havent heard from my father for a long time. we havent seen him since 1999.当终止性动

14、词（非延续性动词）与表示一段时间的状语（how long，since，for，all ones life）相矛盾时,改正错句的方法有如下几种:（1）用副词ago把现在完成时的句子改为一般过去时.he has come back for two weeks.（错）改为: he came back two weeks ago.（正）i have lost my bike for ten days. （错）改为: i lost my bike ten days ago. （正）（2）用“it is / has been时间since一般过去时态”句型来改写。he has joined the lea

15、gue for 3 years. （错）it is 3 years since he joined the league.（正）i have bought the book for 5 days. （错）it is 5 days since i bought the book. （正）he has died for 20 years. （错）it is 20 years since he died. （正）（3）用“时间has passedsince一般过去时态”句型来改写。he has left home for 20 years. 改为: twenty years has passed s

16、ince he left home.he has lost his pen for 2 days. 改为: two days has passed since he lost his pen.（4）用系表结构来改写.he has died for 20 years. 改为: he has been dead for 20 years.the factory has opened since 1999. 改为: the factory has been open since 1999.how long has he left? 改为: how long has he been away?（5）用

17、相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。he has bought the book for two weeks. 改为: he has had the book for two weeks.电影开始五分钟了。the film has been on for five minutes.it is five minutes since the film began.the film began five minutes ago.他参军已有三年。he has joined the army for three years.（错）改为：he has been in the army for three y

18、ears / since three years ago.he has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.he joined the army three years ago.现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： 1、have代替buy my brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow i have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for q

19、uite a few days. 3、用be替代become how long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on 6、用“be形容词”代终止性动词 bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall (get) ill bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose,d

20、ie,sell,leave beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut bemissing(gone, lost)代lose 7、用“be副词”代终止性动词 beon代start, begin beup代get up beback(to)代return to,come back to,go back to be here (there)代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 8、用“be介词短语”代终止性动词 be in/at +地点代替go to /come to be in the ar

21、my代替join the army be in/at +地点代替move to 附：常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. have been in sw./at相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned have been back 3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6.

22、 have got up have been up； 7. have died have been dead；8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep； 10. have finished/ended/completed have been over； 11. have married have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ；13. have begun ha

23、ve been on14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had 15. have lost havent had16. have put on have worn 17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold； 18. have got to know have known19. have/has gone to have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the party/the armyhave been a member of/ have

24、been in/have been the partys member/the league member/the soldier 小练习：1. he died 10 years ago. - he has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. he borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - he has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. he bought the motorbike a month ago. -he has had the motorbike for a month.4.

25、 he arrived here three days ago. - he has been here since three days ago.5. they turned off the light 2 hours ago. - the light has been off for 2 hours.6. he left here 2 years ago. - he has been away from here for 2 years.7. the film began 30 minutes ago. - the film has been on for 30 minutes.8. the

26、y opened the door an hour ago. - the door has been open for an hour.9. they closed the door an hour ago. - the door has been closed for an hour.10. he joined the army last year. - he has been a soldier for a year. - he has been in the army for a year. - it is a year since he joined the army. 翻 译 练 习

27、：1. 我买了这块手表五年了。i have bought this watch for five years.i have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. 2. 这位老人已经死了十年了。the old man has died for ten years. the old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago. 3. 他已经回来三天了。he has come back for 3 days. he has been back for 3 days/since 3 d

28、ays ago. 4. 自从六点钟他就来这儿了。he has come here since 6 oclock. he has been here since 6 oclock. 5. 我离开家乡已十年了。i have left hometown for 10 years. i have been away from hometown for 10 years.五、注意事项1. have been to 和have gone to的区别 have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：he has been to the usa three times.他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美

29、国”，现在已“不在美国”）have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：wheres your mother? 你妈妈在哪？she has gone to the hospital. 她去医院了。2. have been to 和have been in的区别 have been to强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次数”的状语。eg. she has been to shanghai only once.how many times has he been there? hes been there many times.have been in表示某人“已在某

30、地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。eg. they have been at the bus stop for half an hour. 他们在车站呆了半小时。（现在仍然在车站）we have been in xian for two weeks. 我们在西安呆了两个多星期。（现仍在西安）how long have they been in china? 他们在中国呆了多长时间了？（仍在中国）辨析这些句子由时态导致的含义上的差别he went to shanghai last week. 上周他去了上海。上周他做了一件事:那就是去了上海he has been to s

31、hanghai. 他(曾经)到/去过上海。 在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了he has gone to shanghai. 他已经去上海了。 也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里he has been in shanghai for 10 years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了。 现在还在上海没有离开呢he lived in shanghai for 10 years.以前他在上海住过10年。 现在不在上海了 小练习（1）he came to our village two years ago.=he our village sin

32、ce two years ago.（2）he left home three days ago. =he home for 3 days.（3）i bought the watch 2 weeks ago. =i the watch since 2 weeks ago.（4）it is 5 days since i borrowed the book. =i the book for 5 days.（5）the film has begun. = the film for half an hour.（6）i got to know him 10 years ago. =i him for 10

33、 years.（7）there is a factory. =there a factory for 20 years.（8）our school opened in 1960. =our school since 1六、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别1 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。如: i learned ten english songs（说明过去学过,现在是否记得,不是本句的内容）i have learnt ten english songs.（learn发生在过去,但强调我现在

34、懂英语歌曲）i cleaned the blackboard half an hour ago.（只说明“擦”和其发生的时间）i have cleaned the blackboard.（说明现在黑板是干净的）the teacher has written some new words on the blackboard（黑板上现在有单词）the teacher wrote some new words on the blackboard（黑板上现在没有单词）2一般过去时和具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，如：ago, last week/., in 2020, in the past, just

35、 now, the day before yesterday, then(那时), that day, one day, once(从前)。现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）等模糊的时间状语连用。句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时 （错）tom has wri

36、tten a letter to his parents last night. （对）tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 she joined the league three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的) she has been

37、in the league for three years (since three years ago). (在团内的状态可延续) she has been a league member for three years (since three years ago).(是团员的状态可持续)七、动词的过去分词的规则变化动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：原形+ed  如：worked, passed 词尾是e时，直接加d  如：liked  lived若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾 为“元

38、音字母+y”时，直接加d；如: played  stayed  studied  cried 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed. 如： stopped dropped不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律¡ aaa: put put put letlet let¡ aba: becomebecamebecome¡ abb: standstoodstood¡ abc: eat ateeatenaaacost-cost-cost

39、read-read-readput-put-put cut-cut-cutlet-let-let set-set-setbeat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid原形、过去式和过去分词的词形都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。aba有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-comebecome-became-becomeovercome-over

40、came-overcomeabb(含规则动词)1. 另有一些其它形式的变化。have (has)-had-had leave-left-leftlose-lost-lost make-made-madefeel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood2. 改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-wonshine-shone-shone hold-held-heldfind-found-found hear-heard-heardhang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)原型过去式

41、过去分词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep, sweep, sleep-ell-old-oldsell, tell-d-t-tlend, spend, send, build-ay-aid-aidsay, pay, lay-n-nt-ntburn, learn, mean-ee-e-e-meet, feed-ought-oughtbring, buy, fight, think-aught-aughtcatch,teach abc有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。 take-took-taken give-gave-givenfall-fell-fallen e

42、at-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot) lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied)原型过去式过去分词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak, speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear, bear, tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow, blow, know, throw, draw-i-a-u-s

43、ink, swim, drink, ring, sing, begin-i-o-ndrive, rise, ride, write ¡ 特殊： ¡ am/is-was-been are-were-been,¡ do (does)-did-done go-went-gone¡ see-saw-seen 【典型例题】1. i have already _ the magazine for 2 weeks. i must return it to the library today.a. lent b. bought c. borrowed d. kept解析

44、：答案选d。这是一句现在完成时的句子，表示从过去开始持续到现在的行为，for 表示一段时间，后接时间长度，本句的意思应为：这本杂志我已经借了两个星期了。在这样的时间状语为“for+时间长度”的句子里，谓语动词要有可持续性，而不能为短暂性动词，因此，本题只能选d。因为“lent”，“bought”，“borrowed”均为短暂性动词，且“bought”，“lent”与句义不符。故选d。下面列出一些短暂性动词的持续性表达：arrivebe in borrowkeep buyhave fall illbe illjoinbe in leavebe away from beginbe on diebe

45、 dead等等2. where are the children? they _ to beijing.a. have been b. have gone c. have left d. have arrived解析：答案选b。本题首先可排除c，d选项。“离开此地去北京”为“leave for beijing”，“到达北京”为“arrive in beijing”. 然后再看a，b 选项，“have been to”意思是“去过某地”，表示曾经去过某地，现在已经回来或到其他地方，目前人已不在那里。“have gone to”意思是“去了某地”，表示人正去那里或已在去那里的途中。本题中，孩子们不

46、在说话人所在的地方，所以应该选择b，表示他们已经去了北京或在去北京的途中。故选b。3. _ has he taught english in this school? for 2 years.a. how long b. when c. how soon d. how often解析：答案选a。“how long”问的是“一段时间”，这句话的意思是，他在这所学校教英语多久了，回答为“两年了。”“how long”可与现在完成时一起用。“when”问的是一个时间点，可以和将来时、过去时连用，有时也可以和进行时放在一起用，但“when”不能和完成时一起使用。“how soon”意思是“多久以后”，

47、用在将来时前面，而“how often”问的是一个频率，可解释为“多久一次”，回答多为“once a week.”“twice a month”等等。故选a。4. do you still write to your friends these days?no. but i used _ that when i was at school.a. do b. did c. to doing d. to do解析：答案选d。本题涉及到“used”的几个不同用法，“be used to doing sth.”表示“习惯于做某事”，“used to do sth.”表示“过去常常做某事”，而“be u

48、sed to do sth.”则表示“被用来做某事”，主语多为“sth.”.本题“used”前面没有be动词，再加上说的是过去我在学校里的事情，所以采用“used to do sth.”这个词组，整句话的意思就是，当我在学校里的时候，我常常那么做。故选d。5. she was very _ at the _ news.a. surprised; surprising b. surprised; surprisedc. surprising; surprised d. surprising; surprising解析：答案选。“be surprised at sth.”表示“对感到惊奇”，主语是

49、“somebody”，“surprising”表示“令人惊奇的”，主语多为 “something”, 句子的意思是，她对“这个令人惊奇的消息感到很惊奇”。与此相类似的词语还有一些，如“exciting令人激动的”，“excited感到激动”，又如“interesting 有趣的”，“interested 感兴趣的”等等。故选a。6. he has never _ a pen before.a. lose b. to lose c. lost d. losing解析：答案为c。 本题主要考查现在完成时态对谓语动词的要求。现在完成时态谓语动词的结构是have (has)+ 过去分词。本题空白处需要

50、填过去分词，这样的话，那a、b、d就都不对了。7. 误：the twins have not got home already.正：the twins have not got home yet.解析：本题主要考查yet 与 already的用法区别，两个词都是副词，常与完成时态连用。yet 用于否定句和疑问句，通常置于句尾；already 常用于肯定句，当用于疑问句时，表示惊讶或希望得到肯定的答复，不用于否定句中，它可以在主要动词之前，也可置于句末。8. tim has been at the factory_ two years ago.a. for b. since c. before

51、d. after解析：答案为b。 本题主要考查时间状语与谓语的关系。for后跟时间段表示一段时间，since 后跟时间的起点，表示一段时间，before 表示在什么时间之前，after则表示在什么时间之后。本句是完成时态，指自两年前以来如何，且两年前是个时间的（起）点，因此，此处应用since.9. 误：i saw the film twice already.正：ive seen the film twice already.解析：本题主要是一般过去时态与现在完成时态的概念错误。这电影我已看过两遍，说明我现在对电影内容很了解，故要用现在完成时态。10. _you _ your watch?

52、no, _.a. did, find out, i didnt b. have, found, not yetc. have, looked for, i havent d. did, find, not yet答案：选“b”。全句应用现在完成时，强调到现在为止的情况“是否找到了手表”，答语：not yet 相当于说 i havent found it yet.11. i have never seen the film _.a. ago b. just now c. before d. later答案：选“c”。动词时态为现在完成时，与之搭配的词必须是ever, never, already, yet, before, recently 等词。而 ago, just now 等只能用于一般过去时的句子中，用later意思不通。12. aunt