《安徽省含山一中八年级英语上册 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation 知识点归纳 （新版）人教新目标版》

1、unit 1 where did you go on vacation必记单词 1. anyone pron.(不定代词） 任何人 nothing pron. (不定代词）没有什么，没有一件东西 something pron.(不定代词）某事；某物 everyone pron. (不定代词）每人；人人；所有人 someone pron.(不定代词） 某人anywhere adv. （不定副词）在任何地方 2. wonderful adj. 精彩的；绝妙的 3. few adj. & pron. 不多；很少quite a few 相当多；不少notice：few, a few, litt

2、le,a little用法 a few + 可数名词 肯定句 a little + 不可数名词 肯定句 few + 可数名词 否定句 little + 不可数名词 否定句 4. most adj., adv. & pron. 最多；大多数 5. myself pron.我自己；我本人 yourself pron.你自己；您自己yourselves pl. 你们自己notice：反身代词 第一、二人称的反身代词由物主代词加self构成。第三人称的反身代词由 代词宾格加self构成。 ourselves 我们自己 himself 他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 the

3、mselves 他们自己 6. hen n. 母鸡pig n. 猪 bird n. 鸟 duck n. 鸭 7. seem v. 好像；似乎；看来 8. bored adj. 厌倦的；烦闷的 9. diary n. 日记；记事簿 10. activity n. 活动 11. decide v. 决定；选定 decide to do sth. 决定去做某事 12. try v.& n. 尝试；设法；努力notice: try to do sth.与 try doing sth.辨析 try to do sth.(尽力、设法去做某事）表示想尽一切办法要把某事办成，强调付出一定的努力设法去完

4、成 try doing sth.（尝试着做某事）表示一种尝试、做做看的想法，不一定付出很多努力 eg.: i tried calling him, but no one answered. im trying to learn english well. 13. bicycle n. 自行车；脚踏车 14. building n. 建筑物；房子 notice: build(建造，建筑）+ ing = building(建筑物） build(建造，建筑）+ er = builder(建设者，建筑者） 15. trader n. 商人 16. wonder v. 想知道；琢磨 17. differ

5、ence n. 差别；差异 ( different adj. 不同的，有差异的） 18. top n. 顶部；表面 19. wait v. 等待；等候 （wait for sb./sth. 等待某人/某物） 20. umbrella n. 伞；雨伞 21. wet adj. 湿的；潮湿的；下雨的 22. below prep.& adv. 在···下面；到···下面 反义词 above 超过；在···之上 23. enough adj. & adv. 足够的（地）；充足的（地）；充分的（地

6、） 巧记enough在句中的位置：修饰名词很自由，可以前来也可后， 若是修饰形或副，一定后置要记住。 eg. : 1. we have enough time to do our homework. (adj.) 2. i know him well enough. (adv.) 3. he runs quickly enough. (adv.) 24. hungry adj. 饥饿的 25. as adv. 像···一样；如同 26. hill n. 小山；山丘 27. dislike v. & n. 不喜爱（的事物）；厌恶（的事物） dis (否定前缀

7、) + like (喜欢) = dislike(不喜欢，厌恶)2 常考词组及课文知识点 1. go on vacation 去度假 2. go out 出去 3. of course 当然 4. because of 因为辨析：because of 与 because 后可跟名词，代词，动名词或相当于名词的短语，不能接动词he lost his job because of his age.because连词，意为“因为”，引导状语从句，表明直接明确的原因或理由i didnt buy the shirt because it was too expensive. 5. take photos

8、照相 6. come up 出来 7.辨析：quite a few与quite a littlequite a few相当多；不少修饰可数名词复数he will stay here for quite a few days.quite a little许多，相当多修饰不可数名词there is quite a little water in the bottle. 8. have a good time 玩得高兴；过得愉快 同义短语：enjoy oneself 9. feel like 给···的感觉；感受到 10. find out 找出；查明 11. up a

9、nd down 上上下下 12. 辨析:so···that···与so thatso···that··· 如此···以至于···，引导结果状语从句）our school is so beautiful that everyone likes it.so that以便；为了。引导目的状语从句he gets up early every morning so that he can catch the early bus

10、. 13. most of the time 大部分时间（其中most为代词，意为“大部分；大多数；大体上”。most of···意为“···中的大多数”，它作主语时，谓语动词取决于most of后所修饰的名词） 14. go shopping 去购物，去买东西（同义短语：do some shopping） 15. go to the mountains 去爬山 16. visit museums 参观博物馆 17. taste good 尝起来很好吃 18. walk around 四处走走 19.the next day 第二天

11、20. stay at home 待在家里 21. go to the beach 去海滩 22. go to summer camp 去参加夏令营 23. study for 为···而学习 24. in the past 在过去 25. too many 太多辨析：too many, too much, much tootoo many后接可数名词复数，意为“太多”mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much修饰不可数名词，意为“太多” ； 还可修饰动词做状语1. we have too much to do.2

12、. dont talk too much.much too修饰形容是或副词，意为“太”1. the hat is much too big for me.2. youre walking much too fast.巧记三者区别：too much, much too, 用法区别看后头；much后接不可数，too后修饰形或副。too many要记住，后面名词必复数。 26. one bowl of··· 一碗··· 27. drink tea 喝茶 28. go on 继续 29. something important 重要的事 30

13、. buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 31. arrive in + 大地点 arrive at + 小地点 到达某地 33. try to do sth. 尽力、设法去做某事 try doing sth. 尝试着做某事 34. decide to do sth. 决定去做某事 35. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 36. want to do sth. 想要去做某事 37. start doing sth. 开始做某事 38. 辨析：stop doing sth.与stop to do sth.stop doing sth. 停止做

14、某事（强调停止正在做的事）we stopped eating.我们停止吃东西。stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事情（强调停下来去做另外一件事）we stopped to eat.我们停下来开始吃东西。 40. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 41. why not do sth.? 为什么不做···呢？ 42. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 43. keep doing sth. 继续做某事 44. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（事情还没做） forget doin

15、g sth. 忘记做过某事（事情已经做过了） 45. 辨析exciting 与 excited exciting令人兴奋的；使人激动的可作定语和表语，作表语时主语通常是物the story is exciting.he told me the exciting news.excited感到兴奋的；激动的常作表语，主语通常为人sarah was excited to see the singer. 一言辨异： the exciting news made us excited. 这个振奋人心的消息让我们感到很兴奋。 46. 辨析bring 与 takebring意为“带来；拿来”，指从别处带到说

16、话者所在地dont forget to bring your homework here tomorrow. take意为“拿走；带走”，指从说话者所在地带到别处well take the students to the museum. 三语法专项 （一）复合不定代词 【教材典句】1. -did you go out with anyone? -no. no one was here. everyone was on vacation.2. -did everyone have a good time? -oh, yes. everything was excellent. 【语法全解】1.

17、构成：由some, any, no, every加上-thing, -one, -body构成的不定代词为复合不定代词。具体如下：(自己补全下列表格）-one-body-thingsome-any-every-no-2. 用法： （1）复合不定代词相当于名词，在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语，但不能作定语。somebody, something, someone一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。there is someone outside the door.i dont have anything to say today

18、.is there anyone in the room? （2）复合不定代词被形容词、动词不定式等修饰时，形容词和动词不定式等应置于其后。i have something important to tell you.do you want anything to drink?there is nothing wrong with the radio. （3）复合不定代词表示单数概念，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。everything begins to grow in spring.someone is waiting for you st the door. （4）但在表示请求、建议、反问

19、等的疑问句中，问话者希望得到肯定回答时，常用含有some的不定代词something，somebody，someone等。will you ask someone to carry the box for me?would you like something to eat?（5） anyone, anything也可在肯定句中，表示“任何人，任何事” anyone can do this. i can do anything for you.（2） 一般过去时的规则动词与不规则动词 【教材典句】1. i just stayed at home···我只是待在家里

20、···2. ···so we decided to go to the beach···3. we took quite a few photos there.4. ···i bought something for my father. stayed, decided,took,bought分别为stay, decide, take, buy的过去式【语法全解】英语中的动词按其过去式的构成方式可以分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式由词尾加-ed构成，而不规则动词的变

21、化因词而异。（1） 规则动词过去式的构成和发音： 一般的动词直接加-edwatch-watchedhelp-helpedwork-worked读音规则注意： 清辅音后读/ t / ; 浊辅音和元音后 读/ d /; 辅音/ t /与/ d /后 读/ id /.以字母e结尾的动词只加-dlove-lovedlive-livedarrive-arrived以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-edstudy-studiedcry-criedworry-worried重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-edshop-shoppedstop-stopped 规则动

22、词过去式构成歌诀： 过去式构成有规律，一般词尾加-ed。如若词尾有个e,直接加-d就可以。 辅音字母y结尾，变y为i加-ed。以辅重闭作尾巴，双写之后加-ed。 （2）不规则动词的过去式的变化各异，需要特殊记忆，每个不规则动词的变化形式，都必须牢记。不规则动词的过去式的变化没有统一的规则，但并不是没有一点规律，下面介绍一部分记忆规律 动词的过去式与原形一样。let-let, put-put, read-read, cut-cut等。 遇见i改为a。swim-swam, sing-sang, begin-began, sit-sat, give-gave, drink-drank巧记：游泳唱歌后

23、，开始坐下来，给点喝的吧，i就变成a 。 过去式以ought和aught结尾的单词。bring-brought, buy-bought, think-thought, catch-caught, teach-taught 中间去e末尾加-t.feel-felt, keep-kept, sleep-slept, sweep-swept, meet- met, feed-fed巧记：东西中间两个e,去掉一个后加t；如是t,d来结尾，去e之后不加t。把i变为o ride-rode, drive-drove, write-wrote 动词过去式变i为o的单词：“骑马”，“开车”，“写字”。ow/aw变

24、为ew know-knew, grow-grew, throw-threw, draw-drew以d结尾的词，把d变为t.build-built, lend-lent, send-sent, spendspentexercise1 单选 1. - excuse me, is there in todays newspaper? - no, nothing. a. something new b. new something c. anything new 2. - dose the soup nice? - yes. its hot, but really delicious. a. soun

25、d b. feel c. look d. taste 3. - september 10th is day in china, isnt it? - yes, it is. a. a teacher b. teachers c. teacher d. teachers 4. i enjoy my bike in the mountains. its not always easy,but exciting. a. ride b. rode c. to ride d. riding 5. why dont you your friends to the party? i want to meet them. a. bring b. brings c. leaves d. take 6.- dont forget your homework, john. - ok. ill do it right now. a. doing b. do c. to do 7. - i feel tired and sleepy. - why not stop for a while? a. rest b. to rest c. testing d. rested 8. project hope built (建造) many schools b