阅读理解解题指导猜测词义篇2

1、阅读理解解题指导猜测词义题（一）所谓猜测词义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言 结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一牛词、难词、关键词的意义。它是一种非 常有用的阅读技巧，通过上下文提供的线索或牛词木身的结构特点对词义作出 正确判断，能提高阅读速度和阅读能力。一、猜测词义类题目常用的设问方式1. the word ""refers to/probably means2. the underlined word ： could best be replaced by3. what do you think the expression "： stan

2、ds for ?4. by saying we mean.5. "：as used in the passage can best be defined as.6. which of the following words can take the place of the word 那么，怎样猜测何推断生词的意义？这种技巧答题可分两大类：一类是通 过上下文推测词义；另一类是根据生词本身的特点推测词义。通过上下文就是 根据词所处的具体的语言环境，运用有关线索，如同义词、反义词、举例、重 述、或定义等推测词义，也可运用逻辑推理何其他的知识，如生活经验、普通 常识等推测词义。（1）以定义

3、为线索猜测词义根据上下文以生词为线索猜测词义是进行快速阅读时最常见、最直接的一 种猜词方法。a. 以to be （是）mean億指）,refer to （指的是）为线索猜测词义。ventilation, as you know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. it plays a very important part in the field of engineering.句中“ventilation”可能是个生词，但is后而是对该词的明确定义。什么系统 或什么手段才能提供新鲜空气呢？所以不难看出” ventilation*这个词是

4、通风设 备。b, 以"be defined as”（被定义为），“be known as"（被称为）等结构为线索 猜测生词词义。在这些结构屮，"paragon"一词有句子的主语提供出來了，一个人或物是与 无伦比的，优秀的典范，这不就是”模范、优秀的人或物”吗？很明显，“be known as”前面的主语给出了后面” paragon”的词义。c, 以定语从句为线索猜测词义在很多情况下，定语从句直接给岀了某一生词的定义，所以，以定语从句 为线索猜测词义也是一个行之有效的猜词方法。he was a prestidigitator who entertained

5、 the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.此句中，who引导的定语从句对生词"prestidigitator”给岀了非常清楚的定 义或解释，根据这一定义，读者不难猜出presitidigitator的词义。能从帽子里拉 出兔子、吞火何玩其他类似的把戏的人不就是变戏法的人吗？因此， “prestidigitator” 一词的词义就应是”变戏法者”d, 以标点符号为线索猜测词义。作者有时利用标点符号，如括号、冒号、破折号等为一些生词直接提供定 义或解释，这

6、些符号无疑为读者理解或猜测生词词义提供了很好的线索。tornadoes （violent and destructive whirl wind normally occur on hot, humid （ a little wet ）day, but not necessarily in the summer.此句中，utornadon和”humid”两词的词义都在括号里被清楚地表述出来。 "tornado-即一种非常剧烈的、破坏性很大的旋转的风。很明显，这是“旋风，飓 风"humid"即有点儿湿，其词义很清楚是“潮湿的意思。在这种情况下，利用 括号作为猜词线索，

7、一瞬间就能猜出起词义，阅读课继续进行，不会因生词而 影响阅读速度。（2）以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义有时作者为了使他的意思表达得更清楚明口，通常用一个同义词或近义词 来解释另一个比较难的词或关键词，这些同义词或近义词为读者推断生词词义 提供了线索。另外，有时作者在表达同一概念时喜欢用两个或更多的同义词或 近义词，其屮必定有读者所熟悉的词，根据已知的词语，就不难推断出生词的 词义。or有时课作为识别同义词或近义词的信号词。the new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.此句屮，作者考虑到

8、"supersede*，一词可能是生词，紧接着用oi引出该词的 同义词"replace".读者课根据replace 一词的词义很容易推断出"supersede” 一词的 大概意思來，即“取代，接替sb, like（像.一样），as.as （如同.一样），the same as （与相同）等也 可以作为识别生词的同义词或近义词的信号词，以这些词为线索，有时也可以 推断岀生词的词义。mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. the principle of the school was an older woman, alm

9、ost as plump as mother, and much shorter.此句中，作者把学校的校长何母亲相比，有相同之处和不同之处。校长比 母亲年纪大，个子矮些，但有一点是相同的，用”as.as”结构表示出来。从这 一对比中，可以看出fat和plump是近义词，即“肥胖的”那么，plump 词的 意思就能猜出个大概了。(3) 以反义词和对比关系为线索猜测词义。有时作者运用对比的手法来表现事物之间的差异。在进行对比的过程中， 作者必然会用一些互为反义的词语使不同事物的特点更为突出。通过上下文的 逻辑关系，从对两种事物或现象进行对比的描述中，读者可以根据其中一个熟 悉的词推断出另一个生词的

10、词义。另外，在表示这种关系时，作者通常会用一些信号词来表明另一个词语与 前面词语互为反义，这些信号词无疑为读者理解和猜测生词词义提供了非常好 的线索。常用来表示对应关系和提供相反信息的信号词有，but, yet, however, while, whereas, otherwise, in spite of, despite, even though, although, thought, unlike, unstead (of), rather than, nevertheless, on the other hand, still, by contrast, on the contrary

11、, in the end, compared to 等。in the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. now, however, everthing seems to be in a state of turmoil.此句屮，以信号词however为线索，可以看出作者把现在的事情与过去进 行对比。过去是"in an orderly way'*而现在是"in a state of turmoil”,过去是秩序井 然，现在则是相反，那就是一片混乱。(4) ,以列举的句子为线索猜测词义为了阐明某一种重要观念或

12、讲清某一抽象概念，作者往往采取举例的方式 对这一观点或概念进行具体的说明何解释，从而使读者理解得更具体。那么文 屮的例子自然也就成了读者理解文章生词的线索。表示列举关系的信号词有 like, for example, for instance, such as, especially, indluce, consist of, specially 等。defined most broadly, folklore includes all the customs, belief and tradition that people have handed down from generation

13、to generation.此句中,includes后面的例子基本上表示出了 "folklore”的内容范围,即人 们一代传一代的那些风俗习惯、信仰何传统的东西。这些东西都属于通常所说 的“名俗学，民俗传统的东西。这也就是吁olklorc”一词的基本含义。(5) 以重述为线索猜测词义有时作者在阐述某个概念或某一事情时，为了把它讲述得更清楚，他可能 采取町一种方式重述一下前面的内容。这种重述往往比前面表达更为简单易懂 的词语。后面这种简单易懂的词语无疑为前面较难的词语提供了猜测的线索。 因此，读者在阅读的过程中如遇到生词时，不要停下来，不妨看一下该生词后 面是否有另一种阐述或解释。表达

14、重述，作者也经常使用一些信号词，这些信 号词有 in other words, that is to say, or that is, i.e. to be precise 等。before the main business of a conference begins the chairman usually makes a short preliminary (i.e introductory) speech, or make a few preliminary remarks. in orther words, he says a few things by way of introd

15、uction.阅读此句时，如果对preliminary speech的意思是在开会之前主席所做的一 些简单的介绍，或者说是“开场白"。(6) 以因果关系为线索猜测词义因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的、能提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。 一定的原因会导致一定的结果：某一结果是由某种原因所引起的。作者在叙述 原因的过程中，必然会把词或句子置于一种因果关系的逻辑之中，这无疑为读 者推断生词词义提供了很好的线索。作者通常会用一些信号词表示句子之间的 因果关系，这些信号词有since, as, because, for?so, thus, consequently, therefore, henc

16、e, due to, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so that, so. that, such.that 等。since i could not afford to purchase the original painting, i bought a replica an inexperienced eye could tell the difyference.从信号词since以及相关信息，可以看出生词所处的上下文存在很明显的因 果关系。真题演练一位主人外出前给他的两个仆人分派了任务，一位认真地按主人的要求

17、去 办，而另一位却外出游玩。主人回來后奖罚分明文章难度本文词数：299参考时间7，15"one day, the master ordered his two servants to plant seeds while he was away one servant placed the order of his master to his heart while the other servant only went on his own way.every day the first servant worked hard, though sometimes he felt ti

18、red. he never gave up. there were also times when he got hurt because of stones and other harmful objects. he knewthat someday all his hard work would pay off and his master would be pleased with him. but the other servant thought that his master wouldrtt know what he was doing.he used his freedom f

19、or his own sake, and followed his own will.many years passed; still the master did not come back. the faithful servant kept following him, bearing his master promise, while the other servant wandered around the world. one day their master appeared and was pleased when he found one servant in the fie

20、ld harvesting the crops but disappointed when he couldn't find the other one.the master called the two servants and explained why he had been gone for such a long time. he said that he had built beautifiil homes as payment for the service they rendered, and those who had been faithful would be i

21、n their new houses. so he asked themhowgoodtheirharvestwas.the faithful servant happily announced that he had a lot of harvest every year while the other servant bowed down and asked for forgiveness because he had nothing for his master. the master rewarded the first servant and gave him a new house

22、 but the other servant got nothing and was punished.so let us remember to be like the faithful servant so that when our master comes back, we will be rewarded and not punished.1. why did the first servant work so hard?a. he knew that his master would give him a new house.b. he knew that his hard wor

23、k would pay off in the endc he was very honest and he didnt know how to be lazyd. he knew his master would find him wherever he was.2. what was the other servant excuse for his not obeying his master's order?a. he needed his freedomb. he was too weak to work.c. he didn't believe his master.d

24、. he only loved himself.3. what does the underlined word "rendered in paragraph 4 probably mean?a. wanted to get.b. disliked or hated.c. finished quicklyd. gave or offered.4. what did the other servant do during these years?a. he traveled around the world.b. he worked hard in the field.c. he sp

25、ent most of his time sleeping.d. he followed his master to learn skills.5. what can we learn from this passage as students?a. we shouldn't be afraid of difficulties.b. we should travel all over the world.c we must finish the tasks given by our teachers.d. we should take the advice from others.布里

26、斯班有世界著名的黄金海岸，每年夏季它是冲浪的好地方。它的春季 鲜花盛开，草木苍翠，景色格外优美。文章难度本文词数：314参考时间730"even though brisbane is all about sun and surfing during the summer, spring time still brings a nice change to the place that entire region is known as the gold coast, and it extends miles and miles ofbeaches with some of the b

27、est surfing condition in the world. in fact, you would be more pressed for time if you are just visiting, because there is so much for the nature buflfe to see. they can see the wild animals and the quiet and beautiful environment（, and there are many interesting activities for them to do.if you are

28、 going there to relax then it's probably safe to say that you want your hotel with a quiet and relaxing environment. you may even want to stay at a place like urban hotels loccifed（$l于）in brisbane. you have eveiything you need right there in the hotel. a trip to brisbane should not be spent indo

29、ors, especially during spring time when you have all of that natural beauty that surrounds you. the botanical植物） gardens is a must to see during spring because plants have come to life from the cold weather and you get to see more flowers after a dull and cold winter. there are plenty of sports site

30、s for you to visit, where you can do some climbing, boating and cycling. you can enjoy the fresh spring air and get some exercise at the same time. if you are in the mood for a bit of culture, then you can visit some of the ga幺刃ws（美术馆）and museums located throughout the city. you can even go on a csisw（巡舟亢）up the rivei;it's not quite the right time for surfing in spring, but surfing is still good in some places if you are brave enough to hit the water.1. the region of brisbane is famous fora. mile