(完整word版)高中英语语法总结-定语从句,推荐文档

1、概念&关系代词引导的定语从句念理解1. 什么是定语：定语是对名词或代词起 修饰、限定作用的成分，它可以是一个词，短语或者句子。女口 果是一个句子，则这个句子就是定语从句。She is abeautiful girl. （beautiful 是定语，用来修饰名词 girl）I need ablue pen. （blue 是定语，用来限定名词 pen）Will you atte nd the meeti ng to be held next week?（不定式作后置定语）I met a strangerwho looked like my brother .（定语从句，用来修饰 a str

2、ange）2. 构成定语从句有三个部分：1）_先行词 :被定语从句所修饰或限定的词2）_引导词_ : 一个用来引导定语从句的词3）从句部分：定语从句的内容部分练习：请找出以下定语从句的三个部分：1） The book that I am read ing is very in terest ing2）I still remember the place where I met her for the first time.3）They helped the man whose car had broke n dow n.3. 定语从句的 引导词 有两种: 关系代词：who, whose, wh

3、om, which, that, as :关系畐【J 词: when, where, why;关系代词引导的定语从句.先行词类型作主语作宾语作定语人who/thatwhom/who /that/ 省略whose物which/thatwhich/that/ 省略whose人和物thatthat整个句子which / as （非限制性定语从句）1） This is the man who/that helped me.先行词 the man 在定语从句中作主语）2） She is the girl who/whom/that/ 省略 we met yesterday.先行词 the girl 在定

4、语从句中作宾语）3） My partner is a boy whose mother is a teacher.（先行词 a boy 在定语从句中充当定语，即他的/她的/它的/他们的/它们的”引导词用 whose）4） The park which / that is near my home is very beautiful.（先行词 the park 在定语从句中作主语）5） The letter which/that/ 省略 I received was from my father 先行词 the letter 在定语从句中作宾语）6）We talked about the per

5、sons and thingthat we could remember.（先行词是 the persons and things 既有人又有物，所以只用 that 引导）7） He won the first place in the exam.which was very surprising. 先行词是前面整个句子 ）习:1. Do you still remember the chicke n farm_ we visited three mon ths ago?2. The room_window faces north is my sisters.3. He is the boy_

6、helped the blind woman cross the road .4. Is this the man_ you saw just now?【注意以下特殊情况】下列情况只能用 that，不能用 which1. 先行词为不定冠词 all, few, little, much, everything, nothing等.All that you have to do is to practice every day.你所要做的是每天训练。There isn t mthiOrt I can do.没有什么我可以做的。2.先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.The first less

7、on (that) I learned will never be forgotte n.我第一次学的课我不会忘记的。 This is the best film(that ) I have ever seen.这是我看过最好的一部电影。3.先行词被 all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时.I have read all the books that) you gave me.我已经读完你给我的全部书籍。4.先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时.The white flower

8、is the only one that I really like.This is the very book that I want to read.This is the same bookthat I want to read.(同一本书)5.当主句以 who/ which/ what 开头的 等特殊疑问句时，定语从句 that 弓 I 导.Who is the man that is sta nding there ?Which of us that knows something about physics doesn t know this ?6.先行词既有人又有物时。We ta

9、lked about the persons and thingthat we could remember.7.time 做先行词，前面如果有序数词或last 来修饰时，定语从句用 that 来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或 last 来修饰时，既可用 when 也可用 that 来引导。This is the last time (that) I shall give you a less on.此外:8.不定代词(anyone, someone, everyone, thos 等 )指人时，通常用 who 引导，而不用 thatIs there anyonewho knows the an

10、swer?有没有知道这个答案的人呢？)I admire thosewho are willi ng to help others.(我欣赏那些乐于助人的人)9.先行词有 such, the same 修饰，通常用 as 引导I have n ever heard about such a storys he told me.I want to have such a dict ion aryas he has .Such stude ntsas you have men ti oned should be criticized.This is the same penas I lost.这支钢

11、笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样。This is the same penthat I lost.这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支。5. This is the very book_6. We should everything_7. Her sister has become a lawyer,I want to read. isuseful to people.was always her dream.1. I ve read all the books_our teacher asks us to read.2. This is the biggest lab_ we have ever built i

12、n our university.3. Who is the student_was late for school today?4.Tom is the first boy_left the room.5.God helps those_help themselves.（自助者天助）6.He_laughs last laughs best 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。）7.Anyone_saw the accident should phone the police.8.Is oxygen the only gas_helps fire burn?9.He saw a house_windows

13、 were all broken.10. I have n ever heard of such stories_ he tells.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词在定语从句中做状语（时间状语，地点状语，原因状语）先行词类型作状语时间whe n地点where原因why1、 先行词是时间，且在定语从句中作 时间状语（或定语从句是完整句子时），用 when 引导。I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. （ when = on that day 时间状语）I ll never forget the timehen we worke

14、d on the farm. （when = at that time 时间状语）The story reminds me of last yeaiwhen I traveled in Britain. （when = last year 时间状语）2、 先行词是地点，且在定语从句中作地点状语（或定语从句是完整句子时），用 where 引导。This is the placewhere we lived for five years. （ where = in this place 地点状语）The factory where his father works is in the west o

15、f the city. （ where = in the factory 地点状语）3、 先行词是原因，且在定语从句中作 原因状语（或定语从句是完整句子时），用 why 引导。I know the reas on why he came late. （why = for the reas on）The reasonwhy he was late was that he was ill. （why = for the reas on）4、 特殊情况： 先行词如果是 stage, point, situation, condition, position, case 等, 且从句部分是完整句子,

16、此时习惯用 where 引导。Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?你能想到一次（你曾经感到尴尬的）情形吗？It s helpful to put children in a situationhere they can see themselves differently. 把小孩处于一种（让他们能不同地看待自己的）情景，这他们是有帮助的。综合练习，用正确的引导词来填空。1. The man_ visited our school yesterday is from London.2. Do you reme

17、mber those days_ we spent along the seashore very happily?3. Those_want to go please sign your names here.4. Who is the woman_ is sweeping the floor over there?5. Do you work near the building_color is yellow?6. His father works in that factory_ computers are produced.7. His father works in that fac

18、tory_ produces bikes.8. He is devoted to his career_he can achieve his life goal.9. He has reached a stage_no one can change his mind.10. This was the supermarket_ I bought this kind of tin.11. The house_ we live is not big.12. This is the place_ he works.13. This is the place_ we visited last year.

19、14. This is the very film_ I ve long wished to see.15. This is the fastest train_ is going to Nanjing.16. We are living in an age_many things are done on computer.17. This is the boy_ English is the best in our class.18. Those students_ want to use the computers must ask for permission first.定语从句难点点

20、拨：先做几个题目比较一下：1. I can remember the days_ we spent together cutting school.I can remember the days_ we played together in the village.2. This is the supermarket_ I bought this kind of tin.This is the supermarket_ you want to find.3. This is the school_ I studied three years ago.This is the school_ I

21、visited three years ago.4. The reason_ he was absent from school was unknown.The reas on_ he gave us was un believable.【做题方法指导 1】 要正确选择引导词，可分三步走：第 1 步：正确判定先行词，以及先行词的类型（人？物？人和物？时间？地点？原因？） 第 2 步：正确判定先行词在定语从句中 充当什么成分（主语？宾语？状语？）第 3 步：确疋由第 1、2 步所对应的引导词。注意特殊情况（如：只用 that 不用 which 的情况） 若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指人，用

22、who/that;指物（不管是时间、地点、原因），用 which/that;若先行词在定语从句中作状语，或定语从句是一个完整句子（不缺主语不缺宾语），此时如果先行词是时间用 when；是地点用 where,是原因用 why 引导【做题方法指导 2】 注意，如果先行词是地点，此时它也“物”，到底填 which/that，还是 where,需要正确判断先行词在疋语从句中作什么成份。如果定语从句缺主语或缺宾语，只则考虑填which/thatHe works in the factory that/which produces computers.疋语从句缺主语，故填 that 或 which）如果定

23、语从句是 完整句子，（即先行词在定语从句中作状语），则考虑填 whereHe works in the factory where computers are made. （computers are mac 是元整句子，故填where）反过来，如果引导词是 which/that/who/whom，则先仃词一疋在疋语从句中作主语或兵语。【做题方法指导 3】如何判断定语从句是不是一个完整句子？ 如果定语从句部分不缺主语也不缺宾语，则是完整句子；He works in the factory where he enjoys his work very much.如果定语从句部分的谓语是不及物动词（

24、vi），则是完整句子；He works in the factory where his father has worked for 10 years（work是vi.，不能搭配work the factory，只能搭配worked in the factory，因此where是作地点状语）如果定语从句是一个含有主语的被动语态句子，则是完整句子。He works in the factory where computers are made. 如果定语从句是一个 there be 句型，则是完整句子。He works in the factory where there are 1000 wo

25、rkers.限制性和非限制定语从句一、概念讲解：限制性定语从句是修饰先行词必不可少的成分，去掉从句后句子的意义就不能成立或意思不清楚。如:A pla ne is a mach ine that can fly.非限制性定语从句只对先行词作进一步的说明，去掉从句后句子仍然可以成立。非限制性定语从句前一般用逗号将之与主句隔开。如：This note was left by Mary，who was here a moment ago.1. who 指人，做主语。Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy.2. whom 指人, 作宾语.

26、He had many friends,many of whom had been in the universities.3. whose 指人, 作定语.The Chairman s daughwhose name is Ann, gave Tom a smile.4. which 指物, 做主语，宾语.His speech.which bored every one, we nt on and on.5. where 指地点,作状语.Galileo lived in Pisa, where there is a tower about 180 feet high.6. when 指时间，

27、作状语.He was born in 1937,when China and Japan were at war.7. as 引导的定语从句，其先行词通常是一个句子.As we all know, he studies very hard.as 引导的定语从句可放在主句前，也可放在主句后.在很多情况下已经构成固定搭配.As we can see 正如我们能看到的,As is known to all，众所周知As you know 正如你所知，As is often said 正如经常所说，As is often the case,这是经常发生的事【特别提示】非限制性定语从句引导词永远不能用

28、that 。as 和 which 引导的非限定性定语从句的比较：1. 非限定性定语从句位于句未，而且as 和 which 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时可互换。He is a farmer,as/which is clear from his manner.This elepha nt is like a sn akeas/which an ybody can see.2. which 引导的非限定性定语从句一般放在句未，而as 引导的非限定性定语从句可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。放在句首时不能用 which 替换。As Iexpected 正Taiwan is part of China,

29、as/which is known to all.（能翻译成 “正如 ” 可用 as 引导）Crusoe lost his doq,which made him very sad.（不用 as,因为没有 “正如 ”人含义）As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.不能用 Which）二、介词提前的定语从句（介词+ which/whom ）1 关系代词 which, whom 在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句可有：介词+ whichwhom 引出。1） Great changes are taking plac

30、e in the citwhich they live in .=Great changes are taking place in the cityn which they live.2）The film which I m speaking is to be shown next week.=The film of which I m speaking is to be shown next week.3. This is the teacheiwhom I ve learnt a lfrbm .=This is the teacherfrom whom I ve learnt a lot

31、.4. The man whom we sent the prese nto is a doctor of laws.=The man whom to whom we sent the present is a doctor of laws.5. The situati on which we had got into was very dan gerous.=The situation into which we had got was very dangerous.6 The policemanwhom Mr. Henry is talking with is a friend of mi

32、ne.=The police man with whom Mr. Henry is talk ing is a friend of mine.用正确的引导词填空：1.Carol said the work would be done by October,_pers on ally I doubt very much.2._ is men tio ned above, the nu mber of the stude nts in senior high school is in creas ing.3.Theres still much_can be improved about it.4.

33、Mr. Johnsons son,_lives in Chicago, is a doctor.5.We put off the party till next week,_we should have nothing importa nt to do.6.We traveled together as far as Chicago,_ we said goodbye to each other.7.Ill never forget the years_ I lived in the country with the farmers_has a greateffect on my life.8.Ill remember the time_ we spent together in the country.9.I dont believe the reason_ he has given for his being late.10.He lived in London for 3 years, duri ng_time he lear ned some En glish.11.Will you show me the way to the only ta