(完整word版)上海版牛津英语8BUnit4知识点梳理配套双基

1、八年级第二学期牛津英语知识点梳理及配套练习Unit 4 A New Newspaper知识点梳理：I 词组1 soon after2publish a newspaper3hold a meeting4write a report about sth. for sb.5after school6at the next meeting7decide to do8elect sb. to be sth.9the chief editor10vote for sb.11take charge of12ought (not) to = should (not)13ask for suggestions

2、14class / school newspaper15the Reading Club16take notes17different sections of the newspaper18talk sth. over with sb. = discuss sth. with sb.19make a list of sth.20be free to sb.21pay sb. money for sth.22have different ideas23a bit longer24make a decision about sth.25agree to do26agree with sb.27ag

3、ree on sth.28conclude the meeting29in one week s time = in a week(in)considerate (a.)(不)体谅人的publishing (n.) 出版 publisher (n.) 出版者 (社 )不久之后 出版一份报纸举行会议 就某事写一篇报告给某人 放学后 在下一次会议上 决定做某事选某人做 主编 投票给某人 负责 应该 征求建议 班/校报 读书俱乐部 做记录，做笔记 报纸的不同栏目 与某人讨论某事 列出的清单 对某人是免费的 为付给某人钱 意见各异 （时间 ）久一点 做决定 同意做某事 同意某人 在上达成一致 结束会议

4、 一个星期后II. 词性转换1. consider (v.) 考虑2. publish (v.) 出版III.语言点1. Soon after the term started, some Grade Eight stude nts at Mayfield School wan ted to publish a newspaper.soon after 意为“不久之后，稍后”。即可作副词短语，用作时间状语；也可作连接词， 引导时间状语从句。2. They held a meeti ng.句中的 hold 作动词，意为“举行”。此处 hold 可用 have 代替。3. We elected J

5、oyce to be the chief editor.elect 此处意为“选举，推选”。elect sb. to be 意为“选举某人担任(职务)”也可表示为：elect sb. as4. Tony suggested that we should choose Joyce, because she has experie nee.句中 experienee 作不可数名词，意为“经验”。当作不可数名词时，意为“经历”。have experienee 可意为 be experieneed。5. Then Joyce took charge of the meeti ng.句中的 charge

6、 为名词，意为“任务，责任”。常见的搭配有：take charge of 和 in charge of。此处 take charge of 与 be in charge of 与 be responsible for 可替换。6. She said that we ought to elect a secretary n ext.ought to 是个助动词，意为“应该”，与 should 同意。7. She asked for suggesti ons.ask sb. for.意为“向某人寻求”suggestion 意为“建议”，为可数名词；与 advice 的不同之处在于，advice 为

7、不可数名词。8. Joyce told them to talk it over among themselves.句中 talk sth. over 是“详细讨论”的意思，也可用“discuss sth.”来表示。9. Should it be free to readers, or should they pay for it?free 意为“免费的”，be free to sb.意为“对免费”pay for 意为“付款”。3.edit (v.)编辑editor (n.)编辑4.choice (n.) 入选者choose -chose -chose n (v.)选择5.vote (v.)投

8、票voter (n.)投票人6.elect(v.)选举elector (n.)选举人electio n7.suggest (v.)提议suggesti on (n.)建议8.experienee (n.)经验experie need (a.)有经验的9.brief (a.)简短的briefly ( ad.)简短地10.decide (v.)决定decision (n.) 决定11.con elude (v.)结束conclusion(n.)结论12.respon sible (a.)有责任的respon sibility (n.)责任13.(dis)agree (v.)(不)同意(dis)ag

9、reeme nt (n.)(不)同意14.read (v.)阅读reader (n.)读者(n.)选举【比较】 spend, cost, take, pay(1)spend 的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型：(sb.) spend some money/some time on sth.(sb.) spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.(2)take 常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语 it 或物。句式是：It takes/took sb.some time to do sth = Sth.takes sb.some time.(3) pa

10、y 为“付款、赔偿 ”之意，主语通常是人，往往是sb. pays some money for sth 或 pay sb.(some money for sth) 例如：(4) cost 的主语必须是某物。常用用法是 sth.cost (sb.) some money。10. We all had different ideas, and so Joyce said that we should think about this a bit longer.have different ideas 意为“意见各异” 。a bit 意为一点”。1) a bit 不能直接修饰名词，须用a bit o

11、f。2) a bit 可修饰形容词及形容词副词的比较级，作程度状语。11. We agreed to conclude the meeting then.agree to do something 意为“同意做某事” ；agree with 意为同意，赞成”，后接表示人或意见观点的词；agree on/upon/about 意为“在某方面达成一致意见” 。IV. 语法情态动词一、主要特征。情态动词后的动词都用原形。构成疑问句，通常把情态动词放在主语前；构成否定句， not 放在情态动词之后，其缩写形式为cant, mustnt, neednt, shouldnt 等。二、主要用法。1. 用 c

12、an, could 和 be able to 表示能力。(1) can 意为“能够” ，否定形式为 cannot 或 cant。如： He can speak five foreign languages.could 是 can 的过去式。 因此， 对于过去的时间(如 yesterday, last week 等)， 我们不用 can 或 cant,而用 could 禾口 couldn 。如： When I was young, I could run very fast.(3) be able to 一般可以代替 can,也可以表示能力。但can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could )

13、,而 be able to 则有更多的时态形式。如： My little brother has been able to write.2. 用 must 与 must n have to 与 don have to, n eed nt 表示义务。(1) must 用以表示“必须做某事”或“一定要做某事” ,具有强制性,表示一定的责任或义务。如： The windows are very dirty. I must clean them.(2) mustnt 是 must 的否定形式,表示“禁止；绝不允许” ,具有强制性。如： You mustnt play football in the s

14、treet.(3) must 没有过去时,要表达过去的含义,我们可使用 had to 代替 must。此外， have to 侧重这种“义务”或“责任”源于某种客观情况或规定，并非说话者本 人能够控制。如： We missed the last bus, so we had to walk home.don have to 与 need nt 是不必”的意思，没有强制性。两者意思相近，但在使用时， 前者有人称、时态的变化；后者没有人称变化，而且一般表示现在时间的含义。如： It has just rained, so he doesnthave to water the garde(n.)Yo

15、u neednt swim in the sea. We have a swimming pool in our hotel.(5) must 用于一般疑问句中，其肯定和否定回答应引起注意。如： Must we go now?我们一定要走吗？- Yes, we must.是的，我们一定要走。- No, we mustnt.不，我们不可以走。Must I finish the work this week?我一定要在这星期完成这项工作吗？- Yes, you must.是的，你一定要完成。- No, you neednt.不，你不一定要完成。从以上例子中可以看出， 用 must 提问的一般疑问句

16、， 否定回答并不一定是 mustn 。根 据实际含义和情况，我们需要正确选用mustnt 或 neednt 来回答。3. 用 can, could 与 may 表示“许可” 。(1)在请求对方的许可，或是准许你做某事时，常用情态动词can, could 和 may。can 最为常用； could 较为婉转，更有礼貌； may 则比较正式。如： Can you open the window?- Yes, I ca(n.)Could you pass me the salt, please? - Yes, certainly. Would you help me carry my suitcas

17、e?- No, I m afraid not.常见的肯定回答： Of course I ca(n.) / OK. / All right.常见的否定回答： Im afraid I cant/ Of course not.5. 用 must 和 cant 表示“猜测” 。(1) must 表示说话者对某事的发生或情况很有把握，意为“肯定；一定”。如： Her flat is very near Xujiahui. It must be very noisy.(2) can 表示说话者有相当的把握确定某事不会发生，意为不可能”。女口： Youve just had lunch. You can b

18、e hungry.如：Can I open the window? Could I borrowa pencil, please? May I leave earlytoday?(2) 表示给予许可时，通常用 can 或 may， 如：Could I borrow a pencil?May I sit here?4. 用 can, could 与 would 表示“请求” 。 当我们需要别人的帮助时， 常使用 can, 回答时， could 和 would 则很少使用。- Yes, you ca(n.) / No, you can t.-Yes, certainly. / No, I m af

19、raid not.- Yes, you may. / No, you may not. 而不用 could。- Of course you ca(n.)- No, you may not.could 和 would 这三个情态动词进行提问， 但在6. 用 should 和 ought to 表示“义务”和“建议” 。(1) should 和 ought to 表示应该做某事，或做某事的动机是正确的。一般可以相互替换。如： You should / ought to put your rubbish in the bi(n.)(2) ought to 的否定形式为 ought not to 或

20、oughtnt to 。构成疑问句， 把 ought 提前至主语前。 如：You ought not to watch TV for too long.Ought we to discuss the work now?(3) should 和 ought to 用在疑问句中时，常用来询问他人的见解或建议。 如： Ought I to finish myhomework now?- Yes, you ought to.(4) should 和 must 的区别在于：前者多用于劝说他人的错误行为或给予他人一些建议，不 具备强制性； 而后者意为“必须” ， 用于规定或约束他人的行为， 具有强制性。如

21、：You shouldnt be cruelto animals.You mustnt park you car here. Drive it away immediately.(5) should 和 ought to 常与动词 think 连用。 如： I think Carol should buy some new clothes.Its late. I think I ought to go home now.宾语从句一、概念。 在句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词 的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。二、语序。 宾语从句的构成为“引导词 + 主语 +

22、 谓语 + 其他”，其语序是陈述句语序。三、引导词。1. 如从句是陈述句，用连接词 that 引导( that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略) 。 如： We know (that)there are two kinds of sports.2. 如从句是特殊提问句，用连接副词 why, when, where, how 或连接代词 who(m), what, which 引导。如： Do you know why I like team sports?I don t know how they got the tickets.3.如从句是一般疑问句，用连接词 whether 或 if 引导(口

23、语中常用 if)if 和 whether如;I donknow whether / if they have decided on the date of the meeting.4.如从句是选择疑问句，多用连接词 whether 引导，特别是与or not 连用时。如： I dont know whether they will come for our help or not.四、时态。1. 如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： I tell him that I moved to Beijing last year.I have heard that he will

24、come back next week.2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态也要用过去的某种时态。如： He said that there were no classes yesterday.Tom told me that he would have a birthday party.3. 如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、 自然现象等时， 不管主句是什么时态， 从句都要用一般现在时。如： The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.五、从句的简化。1. 当主句谓语动词是 find, see, watch, h

25、ear 等感官动词时，从句可简化为“宾语 +宾补”结 构，宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 v-ing 形式。如： She found that the wallet lay on the ground.- She found the wallet lie on the ground.I heard that the birds were singing in the tree.- I heard the birds singing in the tree.2. 当主语谓语动词是 wish, decide, plan, agree, hope 等，且主句和从句的主语相同时， 从句 可简化为不定式结

26、构。如： She agreed that she could help me with my Maths.- She agreed to help me with my Maths.3. 在连接副词 /代词引导的宾语从句中， 当从句的主语和主句的主语或和间接宾语一致时， 宾语从句可简化为“连接副词 /代词 +不定式”的结构。如： I havent decided when I will leave for Beijing.- I haven t decided when to leave for Beijing.Can you tell me how I can get to the stat

27、ion?- Can you tell me how to get to the station?4. 在 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句中，当主句和从句的主语相同时，从句有时也可简化为 “ whether+ 不定式”的结构。如： I am not sure if I will go with you.- I am not sure whether to go with you.He doesnt know whether he will stay here or not.- He doesnt know whether to stay here or not.( ) 16. My p

28、arents decided tome to Disneyland inHong Kong. I am lookingExercises for Chapter 4I. Choose the best answer （选择最恰当的答案，用 A、 B、 C 或 D 表示，填入空格内。 ）() 1. Every time we met difficulties, we asked our teachers _ advice.A. aboutB. forC. ofD. with() 2. The problem should be _ carefully before they concluded

29、the meeting.A. talked overB. talked toC. talked withD. talked about( ) 3. The Chinese people expect that the 2010 EXPO _ successfully in Shanghai.A. will be taken placeB. will happenC. will holdD. will take place( ) 4. The members of the group _ me to take charge of _ notes.A. decided, taking B. ele

30、cted, taking C. decided, takeD. elected, take() 5. If you have tried your best, you _ worry about anything.A. can tB. needn ttoC. needntD. mustn t( ) 6. Who would like to make me a list _ the activities you will do during yoursummer holiday?A. withB. ofC. forD. among() 7. Now that the newspaper is _

31、, why don twe each have one copy?A. briefB. chiefC. paidD. free() 8. Would you please tell us _ ?A. what you will make an arrangement tomorrowB. that you will make an arrangement tomorrowC. how you will make an arrangement tomorrowD. how will you make an arrangement tomorrow ( ) 9.Tom graduated from

32、 hisuniversity, he got a job as a reporter.A. Soon after B. Since C. As D. Though ( ) 10. We all agreewhat you said. Let doas you said.A. atB. onC. withD. about() 11. You will have to _ the landlady 100 dollars _ the rent.A. cost, onB. spend, inC. use, forD. pay, for( ) 12. There are twenty books on

33、 the shelf. Some are in English, _ are inChinese.A. othersB. the othersC. other D. another( ) 13. The teacher told us that weA. goB. wentC. will goD. would go( ) 14. She fell ill yesterday. She is _ worse today.A. veryB. littleC. everD. a bit( ) 15. I _ do the work myself. No one wants to help me.A.

34、 have toB. canC. mustn tD. needon a holiday next weekends.forward to_ with them soon.A. take, goB. tak ing, goingC. tak ing, goD. take, going()17. My father ofte n_ n ewspapers at breakfast whe n he once lived in London.A. seesB. looksC. looks atD. reads()18. A:_does your brother do a haircut?B: I n

35、ot clear, maybe once a mon th.A. How soonB. How muchC. How ofte nD. How long()19. We considered the question for a long time. The underlined part means_ .A. thoughtB.solvedC.thought overD. thought of()20. Our meet ing concluded at 10 p.m. The un derl ined part means_ .A. finishB. came to an endC. en

36、dD. startedII. Complete the sentences with the give n words box in their proper forms(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)1.They told me that they would consider the problem and let us know their(decide).2. We can make a_(suggest) by asking Why not do something byrsaying Letdo someth in g.3. In China and some En gl

37、ish-speak ing coun tries, we shake our heads to show_.(agree)4. Im the_(nine) one from the left in the photo.5. It stime for us to finish our_ . (discuss)6. In_(briefly), he is an hon est man. You can trust him.7. My holiday is full of differe nt kinds of_ . (experie nee)8. The old_ (edit) ofte n gi

38、ves suggesti ons about how to run a n ewspaper.9. Ch ina Daily has a large nu mber of_ (read).10. He fini shed all the work by_(he) in a week.III. Rewrite the sentences as required(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)1. The newspaper ought to give a report on it in details.( 改为否定句 )The n ewspaper_ _ to give a report on

39、 it in details.2. The room can hold 100_ people.(划线提问)_ _ people can the room hold?3. The publishing house publishes children s books.(划线提问 )_ _ _ the publish house publish?4. All Lucy sfriends voted for her.(划线提问)_ _ all Lucy friends vote_ ?5. Have you decided what events to take part in?(改为宾语从句)Co

40、uld you tell me_ _ _ decided what eve nts to take partin ?6. We have an importa nt meeti ng to atte nd,_ _ ?(改为反意疑问句)7. The news he told me was exciting.(改为感叹句 )_ _ n ews he told me!8. You mustn throw paper here and there.(改为同义句 )You_ _to throw paper here and there._ _ paper here and there.IV. Cloze

41、 Text:A) Choose the words or expressi ons and complete the passage(选择最恰当的单词或词语，完成短文.)Most America ns don like to get advice from members of their family. whe n they n eed advice,they don usually ask people they know. 1, many America ns write letters tonewspapers and magazines which 2 advice on many

42、different subjects, including 3_, the use of Ianguage, health, cook ing, child 4, clothes, and 5 to buy a houseor a car.Most n ewspapers gen erally print letters from readers with problems. Alo ng with the letters,there are answers 6 by people who are thought to know how to solve such problems. some

43、 of thesewriters are doctors; 7 are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice arewomen without special training for this kind of work.()1.A.In steadB. ButC. I nstead ofD. Though()2. A.receiveB. takeC. getD. give()3.A.situati onsB. weatherC. pla nsD. family problems()4. A.att

44、e ndB. careC. nurseD. no tice()5. A.howB. whatC. whichD. why()6. A.calledB. n amedC.sentD. writte n()7. A.otherB. othersC. ano therD. the otherB) Read the passage and fill in the bla nks with proper words(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。)The first n ewspapers were w_ by hand and put up on walls i

45、n public places.The earliest daily newspaper was started in Rome in 59BC. In the 7thcentury, the world first printednewspaper was p_. Europe didn have a regularly (有规律地)publishedn ewspaper u_ 1690, whe n on was started in Germa ny.the f_regularly published n ewspaper in the En glish Ian guage was pu

46、blished inLondon and was published once a w_. The first dailyEn glish n ewspaper was theDaily Curre nt .It came out in March 1702.Today, as a group, English Ianguage newspaper have the largest circulation(发行量)in the w.But the largest circulation for a newspaper is the Japanese newspaper Asahishimb un .It s_more tha n