九脂类代谢件

1、会计学1九脂类代谢件九脂类代谢件第1页/共72页第2页/共72页代谢物代谢物能量能量（kJ/g）干重干重（g）可获能量可获能量（kJ）脂肪脂肪（脂肪组织脂肪组织）3715,000 555,000蛋白蛋白（肌肉肌肉）176,000102,000糖原糖原（肌肉肌肉）161201,920糖原糖原（肝脏肝脏）16701,120葡萄糖葡萄糖（胞外液胞外液）1620320总计总计660,360第3页/共72页CHOCOR2CH2OCOR1CH2OCOR3R1COO-CHOCOR2CH2OHCH2OCOR3R3COO-CHOCOR2CH2OHCH2OHR2COO-CHOHCH2OHCH2OH+H2OH2OH

2、2O脂肪甘油二脂甘油一脂甘油脂肪酸脂肪酶脂肪酶脂肪酶第4页/共72页第5页/共72页CHOCOR2CH2OCOR1CH2OPOOXO-磷脂酶A1(B1)磷脂酶A2(B2)磷脂酶C磷脂酶D第6页/共72页CHOHCH2OHCH2OHATPCHOHCH2OCH2OHPADP甘油磷酸激酶CCH2OCH2OHPONAD+NADH + H+甘油甘油-1-磷酸二羟丙酮磷酸甘油磷酸脱氢酶糖丙酮酸CO2 + H2O第7页/共72页CH2CH2CH2COO-CH2CH2COO-CH2CNHCH2COO-O苯乙尿酸CNHCH2COO-O马尿酸第8页/共72页CH2CNHCH2COO-OCNHCH2COO-O苯乙尿

3、酸马尿酸CH2CO-ONH3CH2COO-CO-O第9页/共72页CH2CCH2COO-CCH2COO-OOCH2CO-OCO-OCH2CH2CH2COO-CH2CH2COO-CH2COO- -氧化 -氧化 第10页/共72页-OCCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH3O -OCCH2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH3O O-OCCH3CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH3OO-O+ -氧化断裂 第11页/共72页COO

4、-+CoASH +ATPSCoAO+AMP+PPG = -0.8 kJ/mol 第12页/共72页RCH2COO-OPOPOPOAdenosineOO-OO-OO-+Fatty AcidATPPPOPOAdenosineOO-CORCH2CoASHSCoACORCH2+AMP+H+Fatty Acyl-CoA第13页/共72页第14页/共72页CCSCoAOCRCH2HHHH Fatty acyl-CoACCSCoAOCRCH2HH FADFADH2Acyl-CoAdehydrogenaseSCoACRCH2O Fatty acyl-CoAshortened by two carbonstra

5、ns- 2-Enoyl-CoACCSCoAOCRCH2HOH HHL- -Hydroxyacyl-CoACCSCoAOCRCH2H OH -Ketoacyl-CoANAD+NADH + H+L-Hydroxyacyl-CoAdehydrogenaseH2OEnoyl-CoAhydrataseCCSCoAOHHHAcetyl-CoACoASHThiolasehydrationOxidationOxidationCleavage1234Successivecycles第15页/共72页第16页/共72页第17页/共72页第18页/共72页第19页/共72页CH2(CH2)6CCCCH3(CH2)7

6、SCoAO油酰辅酶ACH3CSCoAO3CH2CCCH3(CH2)7COSCoA 3-顺-十二碳烯脂酰辅酶ACCCH2CH3(CH2)7COSCoAHHHHHH 2-反-十二碳烯脂酰辅酶ACH2CCH2CH3(CH2)7COSCoAH -羟-十二碳脂酰辅酶AOH -氧化三个循环H2O烯脂酰辅酶A水解酶烯脂酰辅酶A异构酶第20页/共72页CC12CH2CC9CH3(CH2)4CH2(CH2)6CHHHHSCoAOCC6CH2CC3CH3(CH2)4CH2HHHHCOSCoACH3COSCoA3CC6CH2CH2C3CH3(CH2)4CHHCOSCoAHH3轮 -氧化异构化第21页/共72页CC6

7、CH2CH2C3CH3(CH2)4CHHCOSCoAHHCC4CH2CH2CCH3(CH2)4HHOSCoACH3COSCoACC4CC2CCH3(CH2)4HHOSCoAHH1轮 -氧化脱氢第22页/共72页CC4CC2CCH3(CH2)4HHOSCoAHHCH2C4C CH22CCH3(CH2)4HOSCoAH2，4-二烯脂酰辅酶A还原酶第23页/共72页CH3CH2CSCoAOCCOSCoAH3CH-OOCCCOSCoA-OOCHH2CCOSCoACH2-OOC丙酰辅酶A丙酰辅酶A羧化酶D-甲基丙二酰辅酶AL-甲基丙二酰辅酶A甲基丙二酰辅酶A表异构酶甲基丙二酰辅 酶A变位酶琥珀酰辅酶AA

8、TPCO2H2OH3C第24页/共72页B-CCOSCoA-OOCHCH3(S)-甲基丙二酰辅酶AEB-CCOSCoA-OOCH(R)-甲基丙二酰辅酶AEH3CBHCCOSCoA-OOCCH3EBHCCO-SCoA-OOCCH3E第25页/共72页Co2+DMBCH2RCo3+DMBCH2RCo2+DMBCH2RHCOSCoACHCOO-H3C Methyl-Malonyl-S-CoACOSCoACHCOO-H2CCOSCoACH2CHCOOCOSCoACH2CH2COOSuccinyl-S-CoA第26页/共72页H3CCHCH3CH2CH2CH2CCH3CHCH2OH植醇3H3CCHCH3

9、CH2CH2CH2CHCH3CH2COO-3植烷酸 羟化酶H3CCHCH3CH2CH2CH2CHCH3CHCOO-3OH植烷酸H2O第27页/共72页脂酰辅酶A合成酶H3CCHCH3CH2CH2CH2CHCH3CHCOO-3OHH3CCHCH3CH2CH2CH2CHCH3C3OO-H3CCHCH3CH2CH2CH2CHCH3C3OSCoA降植烷酸植烷酸 氧化酶CO2ATP + CoASHAMP + PPi第28页/共72页H3C CH2COSCoACH3CSCoAOCHH3CCOSCoAH3C6轮 -氧化H3CCHCH3CH2CH2CH2CHCH3C3OSCoA+第29页/共72页H3CCSC

10、oAO2CH2CSCoAOCOH3CCH2CSCoAOCOHCH2CH3CO-O硫脂解酶HMG-CoA合成酶CoASHCoASH乙酰乙酰辅酶A -羟- -甲基戊二酰辅酶A (HMGCoA) H2O + CH3COSCoACoASH第30页/共72页CH2CSCoAOCOHCH2CH3CO-OCCH2COOO-H3CCCH3OH3CCCH2COHO-H3COH -羟- -甲基戊二酰辅酶A (HMGCoA)乙酰乙酸丙酮 -羟丁酸CH3COSCoAHMG-CoA裂解酶CO2NADH + H+NAD+ -羟丁酸脱氢酶第31页/共72页CCH2COOO-H3CCCH2COHO-H3COH乙酰乙酸 -羟丁

11、酸CCH2COOSCoAH3CCH3COSCoA2乙酰乙酰辅酶乙酰辅酶ANADH H+NAD+ -羟丁酸脱氢酶 -琥珀酰辅酶A转硫酶琥珀酰辅酶A琥珀酸乙酰乙酸硫激酶CoASHCoASH第32页/共72页第33页/共72页RCH2CH2CH2COScarrierRCH2CHCHCOScarrierRCH2CHCH2COScarrierHORCH2CCH2COScarrierORCH2CSOcarrier丙二酰 辅酶A乙酰辅酶A 乙酰辅酶ACO2(CoA 或ACP)NADPH + H+-H2ONADPH + H+FADH2ONAD+(L-)(D-)合成氧化降解第34页/共72页H3CCSCoAOA

12、TPADP, PiCH2CSCoAO-OOCCO2丙二酰辅酶A乙酰辅酶A乙酰辅酶A羧化酶反应一第35页/共72页CH2CSCoAO-OOC丙二酰辅酶ACH2CSACPO-OOC丙二酰ACPACPCoASH丙二酰CoA-ACP 转移酶反应二第36页/共72页CH3CSCoAO乙酰辅酶ACH3CSACPO乙酰ACPACPCoASH乙酰CoA-ACP 转移酶反应三第37页/共72页CH2CSACPO-OOC丙二酰ACPCH3CSACPO乙酰ACP+CH2CSACPOCH3CO -酮脂酰ACPACP， CO2反应四第38页/共72页CH2CSACPOCH3CO -酮脂酰ACPCH2CSACPOCH3C

13、HOHD- -羟丁酰ACP -酮脂酰ACP还原酶NADPH + H+NADP+反应五第39页/共72页CH2CSACPOCH3CHOHD- -羟丁酰ACPCCSACPOCH3CHH -羟脂酰ACP 脱水酶反式- -烯丁酰ACPH2O反应六第40页/共72页反应七CCSACPOCH3CHH反式- -烯丁酰ACPCH2CSACPOCH2H3C丁酰ACPNADPH + H+NADP+ -烯脂酰ACP 还原酶第41页/共72页RCH2CH2CH2COScarrierRCH2CHCHCOScarrierRCH2CHCH2COScarrierHORCH2CCH2COScarrierORCH2CSOcarr

14、ier丙二酰 辅酶A乙酰辅酶A 乙酰辅酶ACO2(CoA 或ACP)NADPH + H+-H2ONADPH + H+FADH2ONAD+(L-)(D-)合成氧化降解第42页/共72页ACPSHSCCH3SHCH3CH2CH2CSCH3CH=CHCSCH3CHCH2CSSCCH2CCH3SCCH2COO-Acetyl-CoACoASHO12SH2SCCH3OMalonyl-CoACoA-SHO3CO2,2SHONADP+NADPH, H+4OHOH2O5ONADPH, H+NADP+O2SH2SCCH2CH2CH3O6O第43页/共72页CH2CSACPOCCH2HOH -羟十碳酰ACPH2OC

15、H3(CH2)5CH2CSACPOCCHCH3(CH2)5H -羟十碳酰ACP 脱水酶第44页/共72页CHOHCH2OHCH2OH+ATP甘油激酶CHOHCH2OHCH2O P+ ADPCCH2OHCH2ONADH + H+CHOHCH2OHCH2O PPO甘油甘油- -磷酸二羟丙酮磷酸NAD+甘油- -磷酸甘油- -磷酸脱氢酶第45页/共72页RCOO-+ CoASH脂肪酸硫激酶RCOSCoACHOHCH2OHCH2O P+ 2RCOSCoA甘油- -磷酸CHOCORCH2OCORCH2O P+ 2HSCoA甘油磷酸转酰基酶磷脂酸CHOCORCH2OCORCH2OH甘油二脂CHOCORCH

16、2OCORCH2OCOR磷脂酸磷酸酶H2ORCOSCoA甘油二脂转酰基酶脂肪第46页/共72页HOCH2CH2NH2+ATPP OCH2CH2NH2+ ADP乙醇胺乙醇胺磷酸HOCH2CH2N(CH3)3P OCH2CH2NH3(CH2)3胆碱胆碱磷酸ATPADP1.乙醇胺或胆碱与ATP在激酶的作用下生成乙醇胺磷酸或胆碱磷酸第47页/共72页P OCH2CH2NH2乙醇胺磷酸P OCH2CH2NH3(CH2)3胆碱磷酸+CTP+CTPCDP-乙醇胺CDP-胆碱+PPi+PPi2.磷酸乙醇胺或磷酸胆碱与再和胞苷三磷酸（CTP）在转胞苷酶的作用下，生成中间产物胞二磷乙醇胺或胞二磷胆碱第48页/共7

17、2页CDP-乙醇胺+CHOCORCH2OCORCH2OH甘油二脂CHOCORCH2OCORCH2OPOOCH2CH2NH2OH-CMP磷脂酰乙醇胺+CHOCORCH2OCORCH2OH甘油二脂CHOCORCH2OCORCH2OPOOCH2CH2N(CH3)3OH-CMP磷脂酰胆碱CDP-胆碱3.磷脂酰乙醇胺或磷脂酰胆碱的生成第49页/共72页CHOCORCH2OCORCH2O P磷脂酸+ CTPCHOCORCH2OCORCH2OCDP甘油二脂CDP-Pi第50页/共72页CHOCORCH2OCORCH2OCDP甘油二脂CDP+CHNH2CH2OHCOOH丝氨酸CHOCORCH2OCORCH2O

18、POCH2CHCOOHOHONH2CHOCORCH2OCORCH2OPOCH2CH2NH2OHOCO2CHOCORCH2OCORCH2OPOCH2CH2N(CH3)3OHO3 S-腺苷甲硫氨酸3 S-腺苷半胱氨酸磷脂酰乙醇胺磷脂酰胆碱第51页/共72页第52页/共72页第53页/共72页环戊烷 菲 环戊烷多氢菲ABCD第54页/共72页第55页/共72页HO羊毛脂固醇鲨烯第56页/共72页2 CH3COSCoA乙酰辅酶ACH3COCH2COSCoA乙酰乙酰辅酶A-OOCCH2CCH2COSCoACH3OH-OOCCH2CCH2CH2OHCH3OH -甲基- -羟戊二酸单酰辅酶A -甲基- -二

19、羟戊酸 (MVA)乙酰辅酶ACoASH + 2NADP+2NADPH + 2 H+HMG-CoA还原酶CoASH第57页/共72页-OOCCH2CCH2CH2OHCH3OH -甲基- -二羟戊酸 (MVA)-OOCCH2CCH2CH2OCH3OH5-磷酸 MVAP-OOCCH2CCH2CH2OCH3OH5-焦磷酸 MVAPP-OOCCH2CCH2CH2OCH3OPP3-磷酸-5-焦磷酸 MVAPCH2CCH2CH2OCH3PPCH3CCH2CH2OCH3PP异戊烯基焦磷酸酯二甲基丙烯基焦磷酸酯ATPADPATPADPATPADPCO2, Pi第58页/共72页CH2CCH2CH2OCH3PPC

20、H3CCH2CH2OCH3PP异异戊戊烯烯基基焦焦磷磷酸酸酯酯二二甲甲基基丙丙烯烯基基焦焦磷磷酸酸酯酯+CH2CCCH2OCH3PPCH3CCH2CH2CH3H焦焦磷磷酸酸牜牜尤尤彡彡牛牛儿儿酯酯CH2CCCH2CH3CH3CCH2CH2CH3HCH2CCCH2OCH3PPH焦焦磷磷酸酸法法呢呢酯酯CH2CCH2CH2OCH3PPPPiPPi第59页/共72页CH2O PCH2OPPPCH2O PCPHPPi, H+焦磷酸法呢酯焦磷酸法呢酯前鲨烯焦磷酸酯第60页/共72页CH2O PCPH前鲨烯焦磷酸酯CCH2HHCH2CH2鲨烯PPiNADPHNADP+第61页/共72页鲨烯OO2 + NADPH + H+H2O + NADP+鲨烯单氧化酶鲨烯-2,3-氧化物第62页/共72页32O鲨烯-2,3-氧化物HOCH3HHHH3CCH3CH3CH3HOCH3CH3H3CCH3CH3羊毛脂固醇环化酶H+351018914131117202125HO1918ABCD胆固醇多步反应第63页/共72页代谢物代谢物能量能量（kJ/g）干重干重（g）可获能量可获能量（kJ）脂肪脂肪（脂肪组织脂肪组织）3715,000 555,000蛋白蛋白（肌肉肌肉）176,000102,000糖原糖原（肌肉肌肉）161201,920