英语基础语法层层突破

1、英语基础语法层层突破英语基础语法层层突破(拓展课教案)一一邓彦艳一、名词复数规则1. 一般情况下，直接加-s,如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2. 以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，力女口： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries4. 以"f或fe"结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es,如：knife-knives 5.不规则名词复

2、 数： man-men, woman-women, pol iceman-pol icemen,policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-childrenfoot-feet, tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, chinese-chinese, japanese- japanose二、i般现在时1. 一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能 力。2. 一般现在时中，没有be动词和情态动词，主语为第三人称单数的肯定句，动词要按规则加上s,主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句，动词用原形。3.

3、 在一般现在时屮，句屮有be动词或情态动词吋，否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not, 一-般碰问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。4. 在一般现在时中，句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesn, t), 一般疑问句在句首加does,句子屮原有动 词用原形；主语为非第三人称单数，否定句用do+not(don' t), 一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。动词+s的变化规则1. 一般情况下，直接加-s,如：cook-cooks, m订k-milks2 .以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,力口一es,如：guess-gues

4、ses, wash-washes,watch-watches, go-goes3. 以"辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es,如：study-studies三、三、现在进行时1. 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现 阶段正在进行的动作。2. 现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3. 现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4. 现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。动词加ing的变化规则：1. *般情况下,直接加ing,如：cook-cooking2. 以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing,如：make-making, tast

5、e-tasting3. 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing,如： run-running, stop-stopping四、般将来时be going tol. be going to表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要 做的事情。2. 肯定句:be going to + 动词原形,如:jim is going to play football.否定句：be not going to + 动诃原形，如：jim is not going to play football. 般 疑问句:把be动词调到句首,如:is jim going to play football

6、?特殊疑问句:疑问 词+be+主语+going to+动词原形?如：what is jim going to do?疑问词当主语时：疑 问词+be+going to+动词原形?如：who is going to play football?五、一般过去时1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常利表示过去的时间状语连川。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2. be动词在一般过去时屮的变化：(l)am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(wasnot=wasn, t)are 在一般过去时中变为 were。(were notweren" t)带有 was 或wer

7、e的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are 样，即否定句在was或were后加 not,般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3. 句中没有be动词的一般过去吋的句子 否定句：didn, t +动诃原形，女ii：jim didn' t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变 回原形。如：did jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原 形？如：what did jim do yesterday? (2)疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如: who went to home yeste

8、rday?动词过去式变化规则：1. 一般在动词末尾加-ed,如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2. 结尾是 e 加 d,如：taste-tasted3. 末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再 加-ed,如：stop-stopped4. 以''辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i,再加-ed,女口： study-studied5. 彳、规贝lj动词过去式： am, is-was, arewere, dodid, see-saw, say-said, give- gave, get-got, gowent, come-came, ha

9、ve-had, eatate, take-took, rrin-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, wtite-wrote,draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rodc, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim- swam, sit-sat语法要点及习题一、名词复数规则1. *般情况下，肓接加-s,如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2. 以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，力nes,女口： bus-buses, box-bo

10、xes, brush-brushes,watch-watches3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾,变y为i,再加一es,如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries4. 以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es,如：knife-knives5. 不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-polieewomcn, mouso-micechild-childrenfoot-feet, tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people,

11、chinese-chinese, japanese-japanese写出下列各词的复数:ihimthisherwatchchi dphotodiarydavfootbookdresstoothsheepboxstrawberrythiefyo-yopeachsandwichmanwomanpaperjuicewatermilkricetea二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍-般现在时的功能1. 表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：the sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：i get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3表示客观现实。如

12、:the earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。三般现在时的构成1. be 动词:主语+be(am, is, are) + 其它。如:2行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:we study english.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：mary likes chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1. be动词的变化。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。女口： he is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：be +主语+其它。女ii： -are you a studen

13、t?-yes. i am. / no, i'm not特殊疑问句：疑问词+般疑问句。如：where is my bike?2. 行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:i don't like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：he doesn，t often play.一般疑问句：do( does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：一 do you often play football?- yes, i do. / no, i don t.当主语为第三人称单数时，要

14、用does构成一般疑问句。如：- does she go to work by bike?一 yes, she does. / no, she doesn，t.特殊疑问句：疑问词+般疑问句。in： how does your father go towork?动词+s的变化规则1. 一般情况下，直接加-s,如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2. 以 s. x. sh ch. o 结尾,力nes,女口： guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如：study-studie

15、s-般现在时用法练习：一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink go stay make look have pass carry come watch plant fly studybrushdo teach二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. he often(have) dinner at home.2. daniel and tommy(be) in class one.3. we (not watch) tv on monday.4. nick(not go) to the zoo on sunday5. they(like) the world cup?6. what they o

16、ften (do) on saturdays?7. your parents(read) newspapers every day?8 the girl(teach) us english on sundays9. she and i(take) a walk together every evening11- mike (like) cooking.12. they (have) the same hobby.13. my aunt (look) after her baby carefully-14 you always(do) your homework well.15. i (be)

17、ill. i m staying in bed.16. she (go) to school from monday to friday.17. liu tao (do) not like pe18 the child often(watch) tv in the evening19. su hai and su yang (have) eight lessons this term.20. what day (be) it today?it's saturday.三、按照耍求改写句子1. daniel watches tv every evening.(改为否定句)2. 1 do m

18、y homework every day.（改为一般疑问句，作否定冋答）3. she likes m订k.（改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答）4. amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)5. we go to school every morning.(改为否定句)6. he speaks english very well.(改为否定 句)7. i like taking photos in the park.（对划线部分提问）& john comes from canada.（对划线部分提问）9. she is always a

19、good student.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）10. simon and daniel like going skating.（改为否定句）现在进行吋1 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也町表示当前一段时间内 的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2. 现在进行时的肯定句基木结构为be+动词ing.3. 现在进彳j时的否立句在be后加not。4. 现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5. 现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词不达意+ be +主语+动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词不达意+ be +动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则：1. 一般情况下，直接加ing

20、,如：cook-cooking2. 以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing,如1： make-making, taste-tasting3. 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再力ii ing,女口： run-running, stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习:playrunswimmakegolikewriteskireadhavesingdanceputseebuylovelivetakecomegetstopsitbeginshop二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1. the boy(draw)apicture now.2 listen.some g

21、irls(sing)in the classroom .3 my mother(cook)some nice food now.4. whatyou(do ) now?5. look they(have)an english lesson .、写出下列动词的现在分词:(not , water)6. theythe flowers now.7.look! the girls(dance )in theclassroom .8what is our granddaughter doing? she(listen ) to music.9. it' s 5 o' clock now.

22、 we(have)supper now10.helen(wash )clothes? yes , she is .三、句型转换:4. 1. they are doing housework .(分别改成-般疑问句和否定句)5. the students are cleaning the classroom （改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回 答）6.1，m playing the footbal 1 in the playground .（对划线部分进行提问）7. tom is reading books in his study .（对划线部分进行提问）四、将來时理论及练习一、概念：表示将要发生

23、的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般冇以下时间状语：t omorrow, next day (week, month, year )，soon, the day after tomorrow (后天)等。二、基本结构：be going to + do：w:ill+ do.三、否定句：在be动词(am, is, are) 1后加not或情态动词will后加not成 won' t。四、例女t，m going to have a picnic this afternoon. t' m not going tohave a picnic this afternoon.五

24、、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。六、例如i： we are going to go on an outing this weekend. are yougoing to go on an outing this weekend?七、对划线部分提问。一般情况，-般将來时的对划线部分有三种情况。八、1.问人。who 例如：i m going to new york soon. who，s going tonew york soon.九、2.问干什么。what do例如：my father is going to watch a racew

25、ith me this 十、 afternoon. -what is your father going to do with you this afternoon. i一、3.问什么时候。when.例如：she' s going to go to bed at nine. -* 十二、when is she going to bed?十三.同义句：be going to = will十四、 t am going to go swimming tomorrow （明天） = t wi 11 goswimming tomorrow.十五、练习：填空。十六、1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。ih

26、ave apicnic with my friends.十七、 i have a picnic with my friends.十八、2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛？我想去打篮球。what next monday? i play basketbal1.十九、3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。your mothergo shopping this ? yes,she . shebuy some fruit.二十、4.你们打算什么时候见面。what time you meet?改句子：二丨一* nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）nancy going

27、to go camping.二十二、i' 11 go and join them.（改否定）i go join them-二十三.i" m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句) to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?一十四、we w订 1 meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句)meet at the bus stop at 10:30.she is going to listen to music after school(对划线部分提问)二十五、sheafterschool?

28、二十六* my father and mother are going to see a play the day aftertomorrow.(同jl)going to see a play the dayafter tomorrow用所给词的适当形式填空。二十七、 today is a sunny day.we (have) a picnic this afternoon.二十八、 my brother(go) to shanghai next week二十九、 tom often (go) to school on foot. but to day israin. he(go) to s

29、chool by bike.三十、 what do you usually do at weekends?三十一、 i usually (watch) tv and (catch)insects?三十二 it，s friday today. what _ she(do) this weekend?she (watch) tv and(catch) insects.三十三、 what(do) you do last sunday? i(pick) apples on a farm. what (do) nex t sun day? i (milk) cows三十四、 mary (visit) h

30、er grandparents tomorrow.三十五、 liu tao(fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 三十六、 david(give) a puppet show next monday. 三十七、 i(plan) for my study now五、一般过去时1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语 连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发牛的动作感谢。2. be动词在一般过去时中的变化：(dam和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not二wasn' t)are在一般过去时中变为were。

31、(were not=wcren, t)带有vrns或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are 样，即否定句在was或were后加not, 一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3. 句屮没有be动词的一般过去吋的句子否定句:didn' t + 动词原形,如：jim didn, t go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变冋原形。女口： did jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+d i d+主语+动词原形？如:what did jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？

32、女口： who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则:1- 一般在动词末尾加-ed,如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2. 结尾是 e 加 d,如：taste-tasted3. 末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如：stop-stopped4. 以''辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i,再加-ed,如：study-studied5. 不规则动词过去式：am, is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got,go

33、-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put- put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式areisamflyplantdrinkplaygomakedoesdanceworryasktasteeatdrawputthrowkickpassdobe动词的过

34、去时练习(1)nameno.date、用be动词的适当形式填空1 i at school just now.2. he at the camp last week.3. we students two years ago.4. they on the farm a moment ago.5. yang ling eleven years old last year.6. there an apple on the plate yesterday.7. there some milk in the fridge on sunday.8. the mobile phoneon the sofa y

35、esterday evening.二、句型转换1 it was exciting否定句：般疑问句:肯、否定|hl答：2. al 1 the students were very excited.否定句：_般疑问句：肯、否定回答：3. they were in his pocket.否定句：般疑问句：肯、否定回答：be动词的过去时练习一、用be动词的适当形式填空二、1. i an english teacher now.三、2. shehappy yesterday.四、3. theyglad to see each other last month.五、4. helen and nancy g

36、ood friends.八、5-the littie dogtwo years old this year.七、6.look, therelots of grapes here.八、7.therea sign on the chair on monday. 九、8.todaythe second of june. yesterdaythe first of juneitchildren' sday. all the studentsveryexcited.十、一、句型转换1、1. there was a car in front of the house just now.否定句：_般

37、疑问句：肯、否定回答：肯、否定冋答：三、中译英1. 我的故事书刚才述在手表旁边。2. 他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。3. 一会以前花园里冇两只小鸟。行为动词的过去时 练习(1)用行为动词的适当形式填空1. he (live) in wuxi two years ago.2. the cat (eat) a bird last night.3. we (have) a party last halloween.4. nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week5. i (make) a model ship with mike yesterday-

38、6. they (play) chess in the classroom last pe lesson.7. my mother(cook) a nice food last spring festival.8. the girls (sing) and (dance) at the party.二、句型转换1. su ilai took some photos at the sports clay.否定句： 般疑问句:肯、否定凹答：2. noncy went to school early.否定句： 一般疑问句:肯、否定回答：3. we sang some english songs.否定

39、句：-般疑问句：肯、否定冋答：一、用be动词的适当形式填空1. t (watch) a cartoon on saturday2 iler fat her (read) a newspaper last night.3. we to zoo yesterday, we to the park, (go)4. you (visit) your relatives last spring festival?5. he (fly) a kite on sunday? yes, he .6 gao shan (pull) up carrots last national day holiday.7.

40、i (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother 8. what she (find) in the garden last morning? she (find) a beautiful butterfly.二、句型转换1. they played football in the playground.2. 否定句：3. _般疑问句：4. 肯、否定冋答：5. 三、中译英6. 1.格林先生去年住在中国。7. 8. 2.昨天我们参观了农场。9.9. 3.他刚才在找他的手机。10. 过去时综合练习(1)name no.date 一、用动词的适当形式填空1.

41、it(be) bon, s birthday last friday.2. we all (have) a good time last night3. he (jump) high onlast sports day.4. helen (milk) a cow on friday.5. she likes newspapers, but she a book yesterday, (read)6. he football now, but they basketball just now. (play)7. jim' s mother (plant) trees just now.8

42、 they (sweep) the floor on sunday? no, they 9. i (watch) a cartoon on monday.10. we (go) to school on sunday.二、中译英1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。2. 他上个屮秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。过去时综合练习(2)nameno.date 一、用动词的适当形式填空1. it _ (be) the 2nd of november yesterday.mr white (go) to his office by car.2

43、. gao shan(put) the book on his head a moment ago.3. don' t the house. mumit yesterday, (clean)4. what you just now? i some housework, (do)5. they(make) a kite a week ago.(pick)6. i want toapples. but my dadall of them last month.7. hethe flowers this morning? yes, he. (water)8. she(be) a pretty

44、 girl. look, she(do) chinese dances.9. the students often (draw) some pictures in the art room.10. what mike do on the farm? he cows, (milk)二、中译英1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。2. 去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛。3. 他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？不，没有。六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习形容词的比较级1. 形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带 有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程

45、度。than后的人称代词用 主格（口语中可用宾格）。2. 形容词加er的规则：一般在词尾加er ；以字母e结尾，加r ；以一个元音字母和一个辅咅字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅咅字母，再加er以“辅咅 字母+y”结尾，先把y变i,再加er。3. 不规则形容词比较级：good-better, beautifu 1-inore beautiful二、副词的比较级1. 形容词与副词的区别（有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动）2. 在句子中形容词一般处于名词z前或be动词z后2. 副词比较级的变化规则基木与形容词比较级相同（不规则变化：well-better, far- farther）六、形容词和副

46、词的比较级复习及练习一、形容词的比较级1. 形容词比较级在句子屮的运用：两个事物或人的比较川比较级，比较级后面一般带 有单词thane比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用 主格（口语中可用宾格）。2. 形容词加or的规则：一般在词尾加er ；以字母e结尾，加r ；以一个元咅字母和一个辅咅字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅咅字母，再加竺；以“辅 音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i,再加er。3. 不规则形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful二、副词的比较级1. 形容词与副词的区别（有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有

47、副用动）在句了中形 容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句了中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2. 副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同（不规则变化：well-better, far- farther）三、练习一）、写出下列形容词或涮词的比较级oldyoungtalllongshortstrongbigsmallfatthinheavy_ lightnicegoodbeautifullow high slow fastlate early far well%1) 、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1. my brother is two years(old)than mo.2. tom is

48、as (fat) as jim.3. is your sister (young) than you? yes, she is.4. who is (thin), you or helen? helen is.5. whose pencil-box is(big),yours or hers? hers is.6. mary' s hair is as (long) as lucy" s.7. ben (jump) (high) than some of the boys in his class.8 nancy sing (well) than helen? yes, sh

49、e .9. fangfang is not as(tall) as the other girls.10. my eyes are(big) than(she).11. which is(heavy),the elephant or the pig?12. who gets up(early), tim or tom?13. the girlsget up(early)than the boys?no,they14. jim runs(slow)but bon runs(slow).15. the child doesn t(write) as(fast) as the students%1)

50、 、翻译句子:1、谁比jim年纪大?是你。isthan jim?are2、谁比david更强壮?是gao shan.than david? gao shan3. 谁的铅笔史长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。 pencil is ,or? is, i think4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。apples, youror your? my 5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗?是的。as as your uncle?yes, i am.6他和他的朋友jim样年轻。he as asjim.7. 她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。as as twin ?no,than him.8.

51、yang ling每天睡得比suyang晚。yang ling tothan su yang every day.9. 我跳得和mike 样远。i as as mike.10. tom比你跑得快吗？不是的，他和我跑得一样快。tom than you?no, he. he as as11. 多做运动，你会更强壮。12. more exercise, you" 11soon.13. 12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。14. iat scioncc. but i don, twell in chinese.15. 13.你放风筝比土兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。17.youthe kite

52、than wang bing?no, iitthan .18.14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。19.i like. all mythan mo.20.15.我的姐姐起得比我早。21.mvupthan me.22.16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。23.the girlsthe boys? yes, they .24.17.她不扭长体育。但我跳得没有她高。25.she doesn" tin pe. but i don" tthan26.18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。27.youfootballthan yourclassmates?no

53、, they as as me.28.19.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。29.mythan my30.20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。31.sweatorasas.32.21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。33.my dresstoo. i want toaone.34.22. r m taller than mike .（该成用原级的比较）35.r masas mike 七、there be句型与have, has的区别1、there be句型表示：在某地冇某物（或人）22、在there be句型屮，主语是单数，be动词用is ;主语是复数，be动词用吐e ;如有几件物品，be动词根据最*近be

54、动词的那个名词决定。3、3、there be句型的否定句在be动词后加not , 般疑问句把be动 词调到句首。4、4、there be句型与have (has)的区别：there be表示在某地有某物(或 人)；have (has)表示某人拥有某物。5、5、some和any在there be句型中的运用:some用于肯定句,any用于否定句或疑问句。6>6、and和or在there be句型中的运用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。7、7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基木结构是：8、how many +名词复数+ are there +介词短语？9、how much +不对数名词+ is there +介词短语？10、8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基木结构是：11、what' s +介词短语？fill in the blank with "have, has" or uthere is , there are1.