Blender游戏建模基础

1、Modeling the Character 创建角色In the previous chapter, you learned about Blender ' s inteurfac® odes, and you created your first basic block character. Now you will more deeply explore the process of creating humanoid characters by modeling a zombie in Blender.在前面的章节，你已经学习了Blender的界面和模式，并创建了你的

2、第一个基本方块角色。现在你将更深入的研究创建一个zombie的类人角色的过程。In this series of tutorials, you will learn to model the body and head with two different techniques: box and poly-by-poly modeling. You will also learn to model features efficiently to maintain a low polygon count. Finally, you will learn how to add nonsymmetr

3、ical details such as damage to your zombie that will be enhanced in later chapters.在这个系列的指南，你将2种不同的技术创建身体和头部模型：盒子和多边形和多边形建模。你将学习到如何有效的维持低多边形的数量。最后你将学习怎么添加非对称的细节如 zombie的疤痕地方，这些将在后面的学习具体讲解。This chapter covers the following topics:本章节包含以下主题： Working with model sheets用参考图像工作 Shaping the torso for low p

4、olygon count用低多边形塑造身躯 Extruding the legs and feet挤出腿部和脚 Making the arms and hands创建手臂和手 Separating body components to create clothing分离身体组件创建衣服 Creating the head with poly-by-poly modeling使用多边形创建头部 Carving out zombie damageWorking with Model Sheets 用参考图像工作In this chapter you will begin the booke ct,

5、samaitepuotive zombie character. Creating a3D character is not one simple process, but rather the combination of several technical ones. Asstated in Chapter 1, BasicGame Art Concepts, ybu must carefully plan characters before entering the 3D art process of modeling, texturing, rigging, and animating

6、.在这章你将开始学习本书的主要项目，一个交互的僵尸( zombie)角色。创建3D人物不是 一个简单的过程，而是数种技术的联合应用。正如第一章 一Basic Game Art Concepts,所指， 你必需在创建以个 3D角色，纹理，绑定和动画前有一个清晰详细的计划。For this project, it is assumed that you' ve finished much of the predesign and 2D art. If you wantto skip this step and use the one shown in this book, visit to

7、 download project files from each chapter. The final outcome of this is often a model sheet like the one included in these online materials (C03_model_sheet.blend) and shown in Figure 3.1.对于这个项目假定你完成了大部分的前期设计和2D艺术。如果你想跳过这一步，使用本书中所示的，访问下载每个章节的项目文件。这样的结果是是像网上的图片那样模型表 (C03_model_sheet.blend)如图 Figure 3

8、.1。Figure 3.1 The model sheet for the zombie characterHaving a model sheet for a character is like having the blueprints to a building before you bring out your bricks and mortar. The model sheet for the zombie character includes both front and side views so you can work at different angles. This ma

9、kes modeling much easier. In these two views you should notice two things that will impact the modeling process: the zombie character ' s layered clothes and facial scarring. These two things will provide opportunities in later chapters for adding interesting textures; this chapter will show you

10、 how to model with this in mind.有一张模型参考图表对于创建角色就如你使用砖头和水泥创建建筑物前有一张建筑蓝图。对于僵尸角色的模型参考图表包括前和侧视图让你可以从不同的角度工作。让制作模型更简 单。在这2个视图你应该注意的2件影响建模过程的事情：僵尸人物的分层衣服和面部疤痕。这两件事将后面的章节加入有趣的纹理；本章将告诉你如何创建模型这点。Once you have a good model sheet, you need to put the images into your Blender file and set up your workspace. Fol

11、low these steps:一旦你有一个好的模型参考图，你需要将图像导入到Blender,并设置工作区，步骤如下：1. Open a new Blender file if you have not done so and set it up to have two orthogonal viewports: one from the front view (Numpad 1) and one from the side view (Numpad 3), as in Figure 3.2.首先打开一个新的Blender文件，用前面学习的知识，设置2个正交视图：一个是前视图(数字键1) 一个

12、是侧视图(数字键 3)，如图3.2图 3.2 Blender interface with front and side viewportsBlender 前视图和侧视图界面2. Hover the mouse over the left viewport and press the N key to bring up its Viewport Properties panel. Do the same with the right viewport. Scroll down in either Properties panel to a panel entry called Backgrou

13、nd Images. There you will find a check box and a clickable arrow. Click both.将鼠标悬停在左边的视图，按 N键弹出视图属性面板。在右边的视图做同样的事情。在任 一属性面板向下滚动到Background Images条目.这里你可以发现一个复选框和一个三角箭头，点击它们。3. Clicking the arrow will reveal a button labeled Add Image. Click it to reveal yet another panel entry with an arrow that say

14、s Not Set next to it (Figure 3.3).点击三角箭头将出现一个Add Image标签按钮。点击它会出现另一个面板条目有一个箭头，Figure 3.3 The fully expanded menu for adding background images 添加背景图像完全展开的菜单4. Click the Open button to bring up the File Browser window. For the front viewport select ProfessorZombieModelSheetFront.jpg and for the side c

15、hooses online materials.ProfessorZombieModelSheetSide.jpg. These files can be found in the chapter'When you have loaded images into both viewports, you are ready for the next step.点击Open按钮出现文件浏览窗口。在前视图选择 ProfessorZombieModelSheetFront.jpg在侧 视图选择ProfessorZombieModelSheetSide.jpg图像。这些文件可以在章节的在线资料找

16、到。当你加载图像到两个视图，你已经准备好进行下一步。5. The images will need to be resized and centered in the viewport so they match up on the grid when modeling. For this, you will need to utilize the image controls that are now in the Background Image panel entry that you were just working with.这些图像将需要调整大小并在视图中居中，当建模时使它们匹配

17、网格。对于这一点，你将需要利用是现在，背景图像面板的图像控件。6. You' ll need to change two different sittings here: Size and the X/Y placement of the image. For the front viewport, enter .1 for the X value and 0 for Y (Figure 3.4). Press the N key once you adjust the front viewport so you can line up grid lines and images pr

18、operly in the right viewport. Enter a value of 1.60 in the Size setting and a setting of .1 in the X placement value in the right viewport. The Y value can remain 0 (Figure 3.5.)在这里你需要改变 2个不同的设置：图像的尺寸和X/Y的位置。在前视图输入0.1为X的值Y的值是0 (见图3.4)。按N键一次调整前视口，以便您可以在右侧视图中排队网格线 和图像正常。输入的大小设置1.60的值和0.1在右侧视口中在 X位置值的设

19、置。Y值可以保持为0 (图3.5 )。Figure 3.4 Settings for the front viewportggkftMjl XAll Views va bwhigs xSingle Imag Figure 3.5 Settings for the side viewport7. Save your file. Look at C03_model_sheet.blend to see what your workspace should look like.保存你的文件。看在你的工作区是怎么样的C03_model_sheet.blend。Now that you have the

20、 model sheet images set up, you are ready to begin working with the zombie ' s torso.现在你已经建立了模型图参考图像。你现在可以开始创建僵尸的身体。Shaping the Torso for Low Polygon Count从低多边形创建身躯One of the difficult parts of 3D modeling humanoid characters is knowing where to begin. 3D programs often do not feature ahuman II

21、primitive object and those that do often limit modelingto certain body types and facial features. New 3D modelers will often look to sphere or cylinder primitives for the bases of their body shapes. While there are certainly some very talented people out there who can do this kind of modeling, in th

22、is tutorial youcube. ' ll start from a3D人形建模最难的部分是从什么地方开始。3D程序往往没有一human!原始物体和某些体型和五官的原始物体。新的 3D建模常常将球体或圆柱体这些原始物体作为身体基础形。虽 然有一些非常有才华的人用什么都可以做这样的造型，在本教程中你会从一个立方体开始。The reasons for beginning from cube primitives are many, but the most important for game artists is that they offer more control over

23、 polygon count and topology than other primitives. With a cube, you begin with a six-faced object that can be subdivided and shaped to your liking. A common argument against beginning from cubes is that a cube is not a very organic shape and other primitives lend themselves to curves better. This is

24、 true, but a few quick adjustments to a cube at the beginning of the modeling process alleviate blocky-looking characters later on.从立方体开始建模的理由有许多，但是对于游戏艺术家最重要的是，它们可以比其它原始物体可以更好地控制多边形数量和拓扑。你可以开始根据你的喜好细分6个面的立方体。通常反对从立方体开始建模是因为立方体不是一个有机的形状，其它的原始物体到曲线是更好的。这是真的，但从立方体开始建模的过程可以快速校正在稍后的角色。In this tutorial,

25、which will cover the shaping of a cube into your zombie' s torso, I will show)how tools in Blender help make the conversion from cube to low-poly organic shape easy.在这个指南，从一个立方体开始建造成你的僵尸身躯，我会告诉你在Blender用怎么样的工具更容易从立方体转换成低多边形有机体形状1. Continue with your model from the model sheet portion of the chap

26、ter or open C03_model_sheet.blend from the online resources folder for this chapter.继续从模型参考图创建你的模型或打开从在线资源文件夹的C03_model_sheet.blend文件。2. Press the Tab key while your mouse is over the 3D Viewport to enter Edit mode. All of thevertices in the cube should be selected. Press the W key to open the Speci

27、als menu. Select Subdivide Smooth from the pop-up. Your cube should look like the one in Figure 3.6.当你的鼠标在3D视图时按T键进入到编辑模式。所有的立方体顶点应该被选中。按 W打开Specials菜单。从弹出的菜单选择Subdivide Smooth。你的立方体应该看起来如图3.6Figure 3.6 Cube after Subdivide Smooth operation 应用 Subdivide Smooth 选项后的立方体3. Here you will try to get the

28、most out of the polygons you currently have. Switch to vertex selection mode by pressing the vertex selection button on the viewport header. Move vertices around with the Move tool (G key) to get a shape that resembles the one in Figure 3.7.在这里，你会尝试离开你目前的多边形。可以通过点击在视图标题栏的顶点选择按钮切换到 顶点模式。用移动工具(G)得到和图3

29、.7类似的图像。4. Select the same vertices on the left side of the mesh as those shown in Figure 3.7; thenpress the X key and select Vertices in the menu to delete them.选择网格最左边的一些顶点如图3.7,然后按X键在菜单选择Vertices删除它们。Figure 3.7 Shaping the subdivided cube to match the model sheet5. Go to the Properties editor and

30、 click the wrench icon to open the Modifiers context. Add a Mirror modifier to your model, as shown in Figure 3.8. In the Mirror modifier options, you will see a check box labeled Clipping. Click it.到属性编辑窗口点击扳手图标打开修改器。为你的模型添加一个镜像( Mirror)修改器，如 图3.8.镜像(Mirror )修改器选项，你将看到一个叫Clipping的复选框。勾选它。Add MoOrMr

31、CMo(kIMtormAny(B WhutKtit ArrraEue甘 Octh4 Bwdgf火 Mt9 CastAa XIS3籍氐氏皿K MdVertex Wst Arwamty OiLphKe4 Hud女rnulM脚营 kcirmbc3 HirtFonm InstantW MartM顷417聊 MiJUirrtp* a gj如区 M EH Ctfcct河於V Si-:'r*> 轴5 Ww AM* 财 Sv*Figure 3.8 Adding a Mirror modifier to the torso shapeClipping is a setting in Blender

32、 ' Mirror modifier that ensures that geometry does not cross or leave the mesh ' s central axis. This setting is helpful for keeping your model neat but should be switched off when you are extruding things like legs that have to be extruded near the central edge loop.Clipping在Blender镜像(Mirro

33、r )修改器确保几何体不能够穿过网格的对称轴。此设置是 帮助保持你的模型整齐，当你挤压之类的东西像腿必须靠近中央循环边挤出应关闭这个选项。6. Using the Loop Cut tool (Ctrl+R), cut three loops in your torso: one midway up the chest to create the bottom of the arm extrusion, one above that, and two near the front of the chest to create the front of the arm extrusion and

34、 add some shape to the chest near the collarbone (Figure 3.9). 使用循环切割(Loop Cut)工具(Ctrl+R)，切割你的身躯 3段：一段是胸腔到手臂挤出的底 部的一段线，另一段在它们之上。Figure 3.9 Loop cuts help define future extrusions and shaping.7. Move vertices around to match the placement in Figure 3.9. There should be four faces for the eventual arm

35、 extrusion; select all of them and align them by pressing S to scale and X to limit that scaling to the x-axis. Then press numeric 0 to flatten the polygons along the x-axis. This trick was covered at the end of Chapter 2, BlenderBasics for Game Characters, II andssful any time you want to make geom

36、etry even.移动顶点类型图3.9.手臂挤出的地方应该有 4个面。选择所有按 S键缩放和X键约束在X 轴缩放对齐它们。然后再按数字键0沿X轴展平多边形。这招在第二章 一Blender Basics forGame Characters,有提到过，它对于你任何时间想展平几何体是很有用的。8. Use Loop Cut again in the front view to make a cut near the central axis of the model. This cut will be used to create both the extrusion for the leg a

37、nd the eventual shirt collar. Place it where the neck extends from the shoulders on the model sheet. Adjust the vertices to prepare for the future neck placement. At the end of your adjustments, you will have something like Figure 3.10.再次使用循环切割在前视图中使它靠近模型的中心轴切割，这个切割的目的是为了挤出双腿和衣领的。在模型参考图肩膀，然后调整顶点为将来挤

38、出颈部做准备。最后如图3.10Figure 3.10 Completed torso 完成的身躯9. Save your file. Look at C03_Torso_finished.blend to see what the finished torso should look like.保存你的文件，完成的身躯应该适合 Look at C03_Torso_finished.blend文件看起来一样的。 Now that you have the torso, you can move on to either the arms or legs as you wish. For this

39、 tutorial, you will move next to the legs.选择你已经创建了身躯，Extruding the Legs and Feet挤出腿部和脚Preparing legs offers similar challenges as starting a torso from a cube. Modelers must be careful to create rounded geometry that looks like an organic leg. The sooner you prepare for this, the less you will have

40、to readjust later. You will arrange the vertices at the bottom of the torso to round out the leg shape. In order to do this, you will use the Proportional Editing tool.准备像类似创建身躯那样由立方体开始那样创建腿部。建模者必须注意创建的圆形的几何体要看起来像有机的腿。这个准备越早，后面需要调整的就越少。要做到这些你将使用到 Proportional Editing 工具。Modeling the Legs 腿部建模Continu

41、e with your model from the torso portion of the chapter or open C03_Torso_ finished.blend from the online resources folder for Chapter 3.继续使用这一章的身躯模型或打开本书在线下载的章节3文件C03_Torso_finished.blend1. Select vertices on the front and back of the polygons that will be the base of the leg geometry. Press the O

42、key to activate Proportional Editing. Press G to move them toward the center of the mesh so it matches Figure 3.11. Adjust the radius of the Proportional Editing tool with the middle mouse wheel as necessary to create a nice shape.选择创建腿部基础的多边形的前面和后面的顶点。按下 O键激活Proportional Editing.按G 键朝网格的中心移动最后结果和图3

43、.11那样。必要时使用鼠标滚轮调整缩放编辑工具以创建更好的形状。2. Select the vertex at the bottom-middle of the leg polygons and move it toward the center of the mesh. Be careful that the vertices do not combine in accordance with the Clipping setting. Round out the other side of the three leg polygons. Ensure that the layout of

44、vertices matches that in Figure 3.12.选择腿部多边形底部中间的顶点朝网格中心移动。注意顶点设置了 Clipping不会连接。腿部有3个多边形。确保顶点布局如图3.12.Figure 3.11 Using the Proportional Editing tool to round out the leg baseFigure 3.12 Rounding out the other side of the three leg polygons3. Switch off Clipping in the Mirror modifier. Select the th

45、ree leg base polygons and extrude them downward to create a thigh.关闭镜像修改器的Clipping选项。选择腿部的3个基础多边形向下挤出大腿。4. At the end of this extrusion, align the geometry with a Scale 0 maneuver along the z-axis. This will make extruding the rest of the leg simpler and create neater geometry.在挤出的末端，使用 0缩放沿着Z轴对齐几何体

46、。(按S, Z, 0),这确保创建腿的其它 部分更简单和更整洁的几何体。5. Create two small extrusions to create proper knee joint geometry.创建2个小的挤出作为膝关节的几何体。6. Extrude twice more: once to create the thick portion of the calf muscle and once down to the ankle.再挤出2次：一个创建到小腿最多肌肉的地方另一个到踝关节处。at when rigged. At the end of all7. Cut two to

47、three edge loops in the thigh and move the new loops up toward the waist geometry. Doing so will create a nice joint for the waist to bend these changes, the leg will look like the one in Figure 3.13.这样做将在绑定时将创造一个好在大腿股沟处切割二到三个边循环向腰部移动这些循环边。 的连接到腰部。完成这些后，腿部应该看起来如图3.13.'s pants. Make a few more lo

48、op cuts in8. Let' s add some character by wrinkling the zombiethe bottom portion of the calf geometry toward the ankle. Select the edge loop above the ankle by Alt+RMB-clicking and scale it up slightly. Select the second loop up from the one you just scaled and scale this one as well. Continue t

49、o do this until you reach the top of the wrinkle loops (Figure 3.14).让我们为僵尸角色的裤子添加一些皱纹。做了几个切割小腿几何体朝着脚踝的底部。选择脚踝上的循环边通过 Alt+RMB点击和稍微缩放它。选择第二个循环边稍微缩放它。继续，直 到你顶部皱纹循环的做到这一点。（见图 3.14）。心】作站Figure 3.14 The pant wrinkle geometryModeling the Feet 脚部建模Now that the pants are done, you can begin creating the fee

50、t:完成了裤子的模型，你将开始创建脚部的模型：1. Select the faces at the bottom of the legs and press X to bring up the Delete menu.Choose Faces to delete them.选择腿的底部的面按 X键在弹出的删除菜单选择Choose Faces to delete2. Select the remaining edge loop at the bottom of the leg and use Shift+D to duplicateit. Move this one down a little

51、from the edge of the pants. Extrude it downward to create the base of the foot and align the bottom edge loop along the z-axis, as shown in Figure 3.15.任然选择腿部的循环边和使用Shift+D复制它。稍微向下移动这个复制品。然后向下挤出作为脚的基础和沿着 Z轴展平底部的面（S,Z, 0）如图3.15.3. The bottom of the foot geometry will have no faces on it. Create new o

52、nes by selecting groups of four vertices and press the F key to create a new face. Do this until the bottom of thefoot is filled in with neat geometry.脚部的几何体的底部现在没有任何面。可以通过选择4个顶点并按F键创建一个新面。重复创建脚底的全部面。4. Move the vertices at the back of the bottom of the foot backward along the y-axis to create the s

53、hape of a heel.朝Y轴向后移动脚底后面的顶点创建出脚跟。5. Select the faces at the front of the foot geometry and align them along the y-axis, as shown in Figure 3.16. Use this flat surface to extrude the rest of the foot geometry according to the model sheet.选择脚部前面的面沿着Y轴展平（S, Y , 0）.如图3.16.使用展平的面挤出和模型参考表相同的脚部模型。坨 35Fig

54、ure 3,&Creating a base for ths foot constru-etioriFlatten geometry on the foot so It can be extruded.make a nice shoe6. Cut a few vertical edge loops along the foot and adjust the vertices toFigure 3.17Foot geometryshape. Cut another horizontally and move it near the bottom of the foot to create

55、 the sole of the shoe. Select the bottom polygons and scale them down slightly. Your shoe should look something like Figure 3.17.沿着脚部切割一些垂直的线并移动它们成为鞋子形状。切割另一些水平线朝脚底移动它们以创建鞋底。选择底部的多边形稍微缩小它们。你的鞋看起来如图3.17。7. You will now extrude some polygons to create the illusion that the shoe connects to the leg.Sel

56、ect the edge loop at the top of the shoe again. Press Z to enter wireframe view. Extrude a new edge loop upward slightly along the z-axis, and then scale it down so it disappears under the pants. Make sure that the two meshes are not touching. Extrude upward into the pant leg (Figure 3.18). 现在，您将挤出一

57、些多边形来创建的鞋连接到腿的错觉。再次选择在鞋的顶部边缘循环。按Z进入线框视图。沿 z轴略微向上挤出新的循环边，然后缩小它可以消失在裤子下面。确保两个网格没有接触。向上挤压进裤腿，如图 3.188. You now have a torso with legs. Save your file. Look at C03_Legs_finished.blend to see what the model should look like so far.选择你已经创建完成身躯和腿部。保存你的文件。看文件 C03_Legs_finished.blend ,你的文 件应该和它差不多。Now you will go back up the mesh to the shoulder geometry, wh