英语短文改错题解题方略

1、英语短文改错题解题方略英语短文改错题考查学生的英语综合能力，的确有一定的难度。但是，我们也可以归 纳总结出一些解题方法和技巧，提高本大题的得分率。一. 多词现象1. 学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误.serve (for) sb; return (back ) to; marry (with) sb; follow (after) sb; go (to) upstairs/ downstairs; go (to) home/ here/ there; make him (as) our monitor; enter (into) the room; repeat (again) the text;

2、2. 某些表示时间的短语前面的介词是多余(必须去掉介词)如(on) one day; (in) this week; (in) next month; (in) last year; (on) tomorrow;3. 有些动词短语后面跟宾语(名词或代词)时就要加介词of；如果后没有宾语，就不要 介词of如：don't look outdon'tlook out of the window.the food has run outthepoor person has run out of his food.if you don% go , i will go instead (o

3、f).如果后句是 i will go instead of you 就对了 he walked in front (of) 如果句子是 he walked in front of me 就对 了.4. 多一连词1) 英语中有些从属连词不能同时使用，改错时都是去掉后一个because, so;though9 but; if-, so/ and /or2) 另外还有：the more, (and) the more; i don't know (that) whether等等5. 定语从句中多一代词(定语从句中的名词已经由前面的关系代词取代，后面再用是多 余的错误的)，比如：i saw t

4、he boy whom you met (him) on the way>i like the book that i bought (it) last week.6 多一冠词by (a/the) bus/ plane/ ship/ air/ land ; play (the/ a) basketball/ football, play (the) chess; at (the) first/ last; have (the/ a) lunch; (a) plenty of people.二、缺词现象1、缺介词：listen a (to) music; look a (at) your

5、book; be afraid a (of) sth; be present a (at) the meeting; be sure a (about) it; thousands a (of) workers: dozensa (of) eggs; scoresa (of) books; she came on foot rather thana (by) bus. he is looking for a room to live/(in). she doesn, t have a friend to relya (on). i need a pen to write a(with).2、缺

6、连词1) > 并列句缺连词。如：it began to rain, a (and/ so) we had to cut off the trip. he was very tired, / (but) he went on working. she likes watching tv, a (while) i like reading.2) 、名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中的连词不可缺少。a (that) i will help you is certain. my suggestion is a (that) you read english loudly in the

7、 morning. we heard the news a (that) our team had won the match.3、缺代词1) 、充当定语从句主语的关系代词不能缺少。the accident/(that) happened last night was very serious.the boya(who) talked to you is my brother.2) > 缺物主代词。you should try a (your) best to study math.we doa (our) homework every day.4> 缺 be 动词.1). she

8、 a (was) afraid of dogs when she was young.2) . she a (is) very beautiful.(都是误把形容词用作动词了)3) . he has a (been) asked to write in english.(被动句中缺助动词 be) 5、完成时中缺助动词have/ has/ hadwea (have) lived here since 1993.6. 缺一冠词if s a (a) success/ failure/ pity/ shame/ surprise/ shock.(抽象名词具体化) .a(a) knowledge of,

9、 such a(a/an) tall/old man; so nice a(a) meal: a (a) great many booksmany aa book (许多书)；play a(the) piano/ violin/ guitar7. 缺小品词to1) 不定式充当各种成分，一般都不能缺少to.she came here a (to) see me.he asked me not a (to) go there.i have something important / (to) tell you. they were made a (to) do heavy work.2) 为了避免

10、重复前面的动词(动词可以省略但是to不能省)“would you like to join us ?” "yes, i'd love/ like a (to).附：一、短文改错题解题口诀一致性，二词类；三多四少五搭配 六句七语八非谓；九看逻辑对不对二、短文改错的解题方法1要象做完形题那样，先通读一遍，掌握其大意.看第一遍时不必非要把错误找 出来，因为有些错误要根据上下文才能看出来.2在看第一遍时通过语感就能看出来的错误，可以先在试卷上改正过来.3第一遍看完掌握其大意后，再结合上下文、情景、时态、人称、固定搭配、特 殊句型、从句的引导词等进行推敲.三、短文改错三原则1、错误以改

11、动最少为原则这是指每行只能对某处(或者两处)进行改动。可以是增词、减词、改词，但无论 是何种改动，只能是增加一词，减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词。2、实词以改变形式为原则在改错中，实词的处理一般只是改变它的形式，而不能改变其词义，也不能改成另一 个实词，更不能随便添删。例如：pm sure weul have a wonderfully time together.析把wonderfully改为wonderfulo wonderfully是副词，不能作定语。有些学生把 wonderfully改为good,这样虽然意思上对了，但是却削弱了语气。3、原意以保持不变为原则一般应遵循保持句子原意的原则

12、，即不能改变文章或作者所表达的意思，包括其语气和 上下文的逻辑关系。只对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、行文关系错误进行改正，且要 小改而不大改。例如：modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in cleaner surroundings浙去掉too因为and连接的是三个并列的谓语动词know, have和live。部分学生误将and去掉而保留了 to, to live in cleaner surroundings成了目的状语。 这样改，从语法角度看是正确的，但是句子的结构和意义却变了，故不是正确答案

13、。四、短文改错的常见命题内容i、英语的屈折附加成分(即以词形变换作为表示语法关系的主要手段)1.现在时第三人称单数；2时态；3.被动语态;4.动名词；5.分词；6.不定式；7.名词复数；&代词；9.比较形容词；10.词性的变化(从一类词派生另一类词)11.英语中的一致现象(一致包括动词与其主语的一致，称谓的一致，主从句中时态的一致 等).12.英语中的平行结构现象(在表达平行概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，平行结构 常借助于并列连词and, or, not only.but also等。)13连接词and, but, so , or相互变换14.词性的变化(从一类词派生舅一类词是英语学科

14、的又一显著特点。不同的句法功能要 求使用与之相适应的词性)eg: a player's native language is not importanceimportant15 误把形容词当动词they a eager to know everything about (china and asked me lots of questions.)were六、改错题常见错误设置（特殊情况除外）1连词的考查:butand/ so （相互转换）；and-but; or-and; but-and/ so2连系动词（特别是be ）后用形容词（而不是副词）作表语，假如be动词后是以ly结尾, 那么

15、去掉ly;而实义动词（即行为动词）后面要用副词（词尾ly形式）作状语.女口: he looked happy just now.he looked at me happily just now.3关于that（一）、后跟动词时：营前面没有逗号，把that变成what;（2）若that前面有逗号，则把that变成which;（二）、位于句首的thata）句型that is + adj to do sth中的that通常变成it （作形式主语）；b）.位于句首的“that+动词”从句，把that变成what;c）.在句型i think/ find that +形容词to do sth中，that要

16、改为it （作形式宾语）（三）、如果that前面既无逗号后又不是动词，那么就不变（也可以看情况变成其它 疑问词）如：he said that he would come here soon.（句中的 that 不变）;she asked that she could borrow my bike.（把 that 变成 whether）4.名词的单复数的考one of后面的名词以及different后面的名词用复数形式， 而same后面的名词要用单数形式（且same前面必须用冠词the）,另夕卜（a） few; several; many后面名词用复数形式。5关于late. 1）表示时间段的名词

17、后面要用later,如five days late-later:2）.动词后面要用 late,如 he came/ arrived lately late ,3）名词前面要用 latest, i don know the latt newslatest6.遇“ more +比较级”这种情形，要把more变成much （或删掉）.7遇 information; equipment; furniture; advice 后面加 s 时，要把 s 去掉（不可数名 词没有复数形式）;advice前面有an时，把an删掉；fun前有a时，删掉a。&误把形容词当动词they eager to kn

18、ow everything about （china and asked me lots of questions.）were9误把介词to当成动词不定式，应该把to后面的动词变成动名词（ving）1）looking forward to receive your reply.（改为 receiving ）2）i'm used to get up early in the morning.（改为 getting ）3）he devoted his time to study all the subjects.（改为 studying ）10表示情感的动词可以后缀ed或者ing变成形容词。主语是人，后面用ed形式作 表语；电语是事物时，后用ing形违作表语。在名词前面常用ing形式作定语。11英语短文中，如果beside后面有逗号，则改成besides； specially改成especially； unfortunate或fortun