创意产业发展[英文]

1、1Setting the scene Cultural assets and human creativity are inexhaustible resources available in all countries with both cultural and economic valueIdeas, knowledge and information are drivers of creativityGlobalization re-shaped patterns of world cultural consumption in a world dominated by images,

2、 sounds, texts and symbolsConnectivity influencing society life-style and the way creative products are created, reproduced and commercializedShift towards a more holistic approach to development strategies interface between economics, culture and technology 2Creative Economy Report - 2008Chapter I:

3、 Concept and context of the creative economyChapter II: The development dimensionChapter III: Analysing the creative economyChapter IV: Towards evidence-based assessment of the creative economyChapter V: International trade in creative goods and servicesChapter VI: The role of intellectual property

4、in the creative economyChapter VII: Technology, connectivity and the creative economyChapter VIII: Policy strategies for the creative industriesChapter IX: The international policy framework for creative industriesChapter X: Lessons learned and policy optionsStatistical Annex : World trade of creati

5、ve goods and services, 1996-2005 3Chapter I: Creative Economy-Concepts and definitions : cultural industries, cultural economics, creative industries, creative economy, creative cities, creative clusters, creative class, etc-Major drivers : technology, demand and tourism-Multiple dimensions: economi

6、c, social and cultural - Multi-disciplinary nature: need for concerted inter-ministerial policies and dialogue with all stakeholders- The creative economy: a leading sector driving economic growth, employment and trade 4Creative Economy An evolving concept based on creative assets potentially genera

7、ting socio-economic growth Embraces economic, cultural and social aspects interacting with technology and tourism objectives Can foster income generation, job creation and export earnings, while promoting social inclusion cultural diversity and human development Is a feasible policy option to promot

8、e trade and development gains (UNCTAD) 5Creative Economy Is a set of knowledge-based economic activities with cross-cutting linkages to the overall economy Creative Industries Are tangible goods and intangible services with creative content, economic value and market objectives6UNCTAD Classification

9、 7Chapter II: The development dimension-Millennium Development Goals and poverty reduction-Development linkages: beyond economics - cultural, social and sustainable development-Traditional knowledge, arts and the creative economy-Obstacles to expansion of the creative economy: capital, entrepreneuri

10、al skills, infrastructure and institutional tools -Shaping a model for enhancing the creative economy : UNCTADs creative nexus (C-ITET) model -The creative economy in the developing world :Africas share in global trade of creative goods and services is less than 1% 8The development dimension9Chapter

11、 III: Analysing the creative economy- Need for systematic analysis, consistent methodology, reliable statistics and qualitative indicators- Organizational structure: predominance of SMEs and few large transnationals working internationally- Economic analysis: value-chain analysis, IPRs, inter-indust

12、ry and locational analysis, contract theory - Important role : public and quasi-public institutions and individual artists and creative producers- Distribution and competition issues10Chapter IV: Towards an evidence-based assessment of the creative economy- Reliable benchmark: international base usi

13、ng trade data - Operational model: universal comparative analysis to all countries - Practical measures: further research, minimal additional costs - Assessment tools: economic evaluation is partial, not exhaustive- Problematic : valuation of culture, technological changes and boundaries between art

14、s/culture and industry- Creative products : relative low value as materials, but real value in intellectual property (blank CD case)- Trade in creative industries relatively invisible, shadows of IPRs11Chapter V: International trade in creative goods & services World trade of creative products a

15、nnual growth rate of 8.7% during 2000-2005, reaching US$ 424,4 billion in 2005Creative goods totalled US$ 335,5 billion in 2005, 47% higher than in 2000, as shown in the tableDeveloped countries dominated trade but exports have risen faster in developing countries due to ChinaNew opportunities for d

16、eveloping countries to leapfrog in high growth sectors of the world economy12Creative economy: leading growth and employment in advanced countriesIn Europe EU-25, the creative economy has grown 12% faster than the overall economy during 1999-2003 UK: In 1997-2004, as value added 5% growth compared w

17、ith 3% for the rest of the economy. Employment grew twice fasterEU led world exports, US$ 145 billion in 2005Italy, ranked first in exports of creative goods due to competitive position in design products Exports earnings 42% higher in developed countries in 2000-2005. Same countries among top 10 ex

18、porters during the period13Creative industries exports goods and servicesbillion US$billion US$Source : UNCTAD14Creative goods and services A new dynamic sector in world trade UNCTAD figures show that world exports of : Design Art crafts-US$ 119.7 billion in 1996 - US$ 14.7 billion in 1996-US$ 218.1

19、 billion in 2005 - US$ 23.2 billion in 200515In developing countries a nuanced situationDespite the abundance of creative talents, most developing countries are not yet fully benefiting from the potential of their creative economiesIn Asia-Pacific and Middle-East the creative economy is growing fast

20、 with competitive products In Latin America and the Caribbean noticeable improvements but need to reinforce creative capacitiesAfrica very fragmented creative industries requiring financing and business support16Source : UNCTADCreative industries goods share in world exports - 200517Regional economi

21、c groups in world marketsEuropean Union leads world exports with 43% market share Exports from Asia is now higher than from North America FTAA countries exported US$ 45.5 billion in 2005, about 14% world market, mainly from NAFTA countries MERCOSUR has very small share in world trade of creative goo

22、dsACP countries, which includes Caribbean, Africa and Pacific have an inexpressive participation in world markets. 18THAILANDSource: UNCTAD19THAILANDCREATIVE INDUSTRIES EXPORTS BY PRODUCTS (millions of dollars)Source: UNCTAD20THAILANDDESIGN: EXPORTS BY PRODUCTS(millions of dollars)Source: UNCTAD21Ch

23、apter VI: Intellectual Property Rights and the creative economyIntellectual property: sensitive area with different approaches Copyrights: source of wealth, can be an incentive and reward for production and dissemination of creative worksIPRs contribution to the creative economy: GDP/ employment Tra

24、ditional cultural expressions and public domain issues Copyright and new technologies: the “internet treaties”Possible policy options22Policy optionsAn efficient and fair international IP system-Protect IP in export markets is crucial-Increase awareness and adherence to international treats -Viable

25、reinforcement is often a more critical issue-Protecting copyright is a public-policy goal -Developing countries better explore flexibilities of the TRIPs agreement and WIPO “Development Agenda”- No “one-size-fits all” model, some alternatives23Chapter VII: Connectivity and the creative industries- I

26、CTs impact on the creative economy: changes in marketing & distribution and stimulus for creative content- Digitization: 1/3 developing countries penetration rate of less than 5%- Convergence : new business models, markets structures and governance- Impact across the production chain: from conce

27、ption to access to markets /audience - Looking into the future24Chapter VIII: Policy strategies for the creative industries- The role of public policies : government as facilitator- The policy process : objectives, tools, implementation- Policy directions : strategic concerted actions- Target measur

28、es for enhancing creative capacities- Tailoring policy action at the national level25Policy directions- Provision of infrastructure- Provision of finance & investment- Creation of institutional mechanisms- Development of export markets- Protection of creators rights- Establishment of creative cl

29、usters- Tools for effective data-collection measures26Chapter X: Lessons learned and policy optionsLessons Learned :- Creative economy calls for multi-disciplinary and concerted policy response- World exports of creative goods and services grew by 8.7 % annually during 2000-2005 with faster growth i

30、n developing countries- ICTs and IPRs are major drivers of the growth of the creative economy worldwide- Technology offers opportunities for SMEs: new distribution channels for creative content, innovative business models- The creative economy strengthens the links between creativity, culture, techn

31、ology and economic development27Major findings- An evolving concept : no common definition of the creative economy, nor a unique classification of the creative industries- There is no one-fits-all recipe but flexible and strategic choices to be made by governments at national level- The creative eco

32、nomy offer new venues for developing countries to leapfrog into high-growth areas of the world economy- Need to reconcile national policy-making for the creative economy with on-going multilateral processes28Policy options- Role of governments: to articulate a conducive climate and infrastructure to stimulate creative capacities- Role of creative entrepreneurs: to promote creative entrepreneurship to upgrade skills and linkages between arts, creation and business- Role of civil society: forging strategic alliances to facilitate interactions with all stakeholders 29Key mes