长宁东南数理化初三英语动词专项

1、动词专项讲解语法热身一、词汇1. electricity / electric/ electrician/ electronic/ electrical1) make sure that lights and otherappliances are turned off when not needed2) avoiding usingdictionary while doing some reading3) simon's father used to be an.4) i got anshock from that faulty light switch when 1 was fou

2、rteen.5 ) don't leave the tv on, it wastes2. excited / excitingall of us wereat thenews yesterday.3. fall / feel1) the doctormy forehead and said/1 you have got a high feve匚”2) many treesin the sand storm last night.4. asleep / sleepy/ sleep/ sleeping1) the driver feltlast night, so he fellas so

3、on as he lay in bed2) when do you go toevery day?3) 1 took a-car to beijing last friday.5 find out/ find/ discover/ invent/ look for/ search for1) columbusamerica in 1492.2) do you know who firstclock?3) j cineher key to the drawer everywhere just now, but she couldn'tit.4) please try towho brok

4、e the window5) the policethe criminals for hours this morning.二、词组短语1. 以break为中心的词组break away from 脱离，逃离break down破坏，粉碎；瓦解；出故障，抛锚break in闯进，打断；使顺服break into闯入；强行进入；突然开始break out爆发,发生；准备使用;起锚break the law违反法律break the record 破i己录break one's promise 失言break up开垦，破碎；解散，分开，分解2. 以catch为中心的词组be caught

5、 doing被发现做某事be caught in the rain 淋雨catch a bus/train 赶汽车/火车catch a cold伤风，感冒catch one's word听懂某人的话catch sight of 发现，瞥见catch up with 赶上，追及，追上知识梳理知识点1:动词专项讲解i. 动词的定义：动词是表示动作或状态的词。例如：work,工作,study,学习，eat吃。ii. 动词的分类：1）限定动词：限定动词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。2）非限定动词：有动词不定式，动名词和分词三种。在句屮不能单独作谓语，没有人称和 数的变化。3）实义动词：有完整

6、的词义，并能单独作谓语，实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 例如：study学习,reach到达，see看见,rise升起。4）连系动词：在句中作谓语动词，后面跟表语。连系动词有be, seem, look, become, get, grow, feelo5）助动词：只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态，语态和语气等动词形式。例如：do, shall, will, have, has.6）情态动词：表示能力，义务，必要，猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和动词 原形一起构成谓语动词。情态动词有can, will, have, be, should, do, would,等can/ may/

7、 must用法概览情态动词许可猜测其他cancan'tmaymustmustnt随堂练习：1. youlose your way if you walk alone in the mountains at night. （2011 年中考真题）a. may b. needc. shouldd. ought toa） can't b） needn't c） shouldn't d） mustn't3. can you speak louder, please? ihear you clearly.（ 杨 j甫二模）a. mustn'tb. shou

8、ldn'tc needn'td. can't4. passengersstay seated during the take-off and landing（杨 j甫一模）a） can b） may c） shouldd） must5. computerssolve many difficult problems quickly（奉贤一模）a） canb） mustc） needd） should6. itbe fantastic if more students join in the charity show tomorrow（ 静安二模）a mustb needc

9、 cand may关于问答句can i.?yes, you can/ may.no, you cant/mustnlmay i.?同上must i？yes, you mustno, you needif t=no, you don% have to.随堂练习：1. mum, can you buy me the new ipad after the high school entrance examination?一-i'm afraid i, dcar. wc arc short of money now （金 山二模）a can'tb mustn'tc should

10、n'td needn't2. must we finish the poster in class?no, you. you can finish it after class.（普陀二模）a. mustntb. needn'tc. shouldn'td. carft关于need的考点情态动词：need do行为动词:need to do, need sth.1. plants and flowerswater and sun when they start growing （2012 长宁二模）a. need tob. don't needc. nee

11、dn'td.clon't need to2. there is still quite a lot of meat in the fridge, so youbuy any more（2013 黄）甫一模）a. mustrf tb. needn'tc carf td shouldn't3. the weather report says it won't rain this afternoon, so you take an umbrella with you.a） shouldn't b） mustn't c） can'td）

12、needn't随堂练习：1. passengersstay seated during the take-off and landing. （2013 杨浦一模）a） can b） may c） shouldd） must2. milliecome to attend your birthday party tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. （ 2013 长宁_模）a) mayb) must c) need d) has to3. computerssolve many difficult problems quickly. (2013

13、奉贤一模)a) canb) mustc) needd) should4. some americans think if students chew gum (咀嚼 口香糖)in class, theyfocus ontheir studya) may not b) neednt c) shouldn't d) mustn't5. there is still quite a lot of meat in the fridge, so youbuy any more. (2013 黄?甫一模)a. mustn'tb. needn'tc. can'td.

14、shouldn't6. the weather report says it won't rain this afternoon, so youtake an umbrella withyou. (2013 金山一模)a) shouldn't b) mustnt c) can't d) needn't7. cathy has to do the same thing every day. shebe very bored with her job. (2013 闵彳亍一模)a) canb) needc) shouldd) must8. the manag

15、er says thereno hot water after 8:00p.m一you mean wego to bed without a shower. how terrible! (2013 普陀一模)a) have to b) may c) must d) can9. youwatch sports news for a while if you have finished your homework(2013 松江一模)a) must b) need c) should d) may10. on school open day, parentsknow how colorful th

16、eir kids' school life is. (2013徐汇一模)a) shouldb) canc) mustd) need11. for our safety, wedrive cars after drinking any wines. (2013 闸北一模)a) can't b) neednt c) shouldn't d) mustn't12. plants and flowerswater and sun when they start growing. (2012 长宁二模)a. need tob. don't needc. needn

17、ftd. need13. you have already tried your best, so youworry too much about the exams(2012奉贤二模)a. canftb needn'lc mustnld. shouldnl14. only youdo such a thing, tm sure, and nobody else has such an ability. (2012 虹口二模)a mustb. shouldc. mayd. can15. youworry about your son. he can take care of himse

18、lf. (2012 黄浦二模)a. can'tb. may notc mustn'td. nccdrtt16 mum, will you buy me the new ipad after the high school entrance examination?i'm afraid i，dear. we are short of money now. (2012 金山二模)a can ybmustn yc shouldn yd needn t17. itbe fantastic 讦 more students join in the charity show tomo

19、rrow(2012 静安二模)a mustb needc cand may18. nowadays even a small personal computerstore huge amounts of information.(2012闵行二模)a. mustb. needc. shouldd. can19. every citizentry his best to protect our environment. it's our duty. （2012 j甫东二模）a. needb. mustc can d. may20. 一must we finish the poster i

20、n class?no, you. you can finish it after class. （2012 普陀二模）a. mustn'tb. needn'tc. shouldn'td. can't21. christy has been in china for two years, but she stillspeak chinese. （2012 青浦二模）c mustnftd. shouldn'thurt yourself if you donl stop. （2012 松江二a neednyb. canft22. tom, you mustn&

21、#39;t play with fire. you 模）d. need to（2012徐汇二模）d. can5ta. mayb canc should23. youwash your car at the moment. it's going to rain.a needrttb. mustn'tc shouldn'thear you clearly. （2012 杨浦二模）c. neednd. can't24. can you speak louder, please? ia. mustn*tb. shouldn't知识点2：非谓语动词专项讲解一、动词

22、不定式（重点）1、结构及特征：动词不定式的基本形式是“to +动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定 式没有人称和数的变化，在句子屮不能作谓语，但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分 主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语，所以我们又称之为非谓语形式。动词不定式 仍保留动词的特点，即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。2、动词不定式的用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主 语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。1）作主语例女口： to learn english well is not easy. 或 it is not easy to learn english well.说明动词不定式作主语时，往往

23、用il作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型:itis + adj.+动词不定式如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用for+sbit is + adj.+ for sb. to do sth.2）作表语my wish is to become a teacher.3）作宾语most of us like to watch football matches.4）作宾语补足语he told me to be here on time.5）作定语i have nothing to say about that thing.6)作状语he stopped to have a look.说明动词不定

24、式的否定形式：not + to +动词原形构成例如：he asked me not to make such a mistake3、不定式的否定形式：tell him not to shut the window典型例题tell him the window.a to shut not b. not to shut c to not shut d. not shut 答案：b. tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为 tell sb not to do sth.4、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how,why等后面可

25、以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、 表语等成分。例如：(1) he doesnt know how (o use the machine.(不定式作宾语) (2) how to use the machine is a question.(不定式作主语)(3) the question is when to go thee (不定式作表语)5、省to的动词不定式1) 使役动词 let, have, make：2) 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补,省

26、略to。注意：在被动语态中则9不能省掉。a. i saw him dance二he was seen to danceb. the boss made them work the whole night.=they were made to work the whole night.3) would rather, had better + do【难点】6、不定式的特殊句型：1) too.to.：太而不能he is too excited to speak2) enough to do：足以做.the child is old enough to go to schoo 11.3) why n

27、ot +动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：”为什么不?* why not take a holiday?4) so as (not) to do:表示目的go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.7、不定式的难点：1) 用作介词的"to"： look forward to 渴望;pay attention to 注意;devote oneself to 献 身于;be/get used to习惯等等。2) its for sb和 its of sba. for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, h

28、ard, difficult, interesting, impossible 等：it's very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。b.ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品徳，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, rightoifs very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我，你真是太好了。【说明】for与of的辨别方法：用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通 顺用of,不通则用for。如1：

29、 you are nice.（通顺，所以应用of）。he is hard.（人是困难的， 不通。或者:to study two languages is hard for him。因此应用 for。）二、动词的ing形式：1. 动词的ing形式用作动名词：动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，它在句中起名词的作用， 可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。1）动名词作主语walking is good exercise.走路是很好的运动2）动名词作表语my favorite sport is swimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。3）动名词作宾语jim di

30、slikes eating chocolate.吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。she carft help crying at a sad movie.她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。说明有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。例如：admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,等。6）动名词作定语：动名词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。动名词可以单独作定语,

31、例如：a smiling face 笑脸 swimming pool 游泳池 dining-car 餐车2. 动词的ing形式用作现在分词：-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在 下列动词中： see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe例如：1） there we found him watching tv.我们发现他在那儿看电视。2） i heard someone knocking at the door.我听见有人在敲门。3. 比较：1）共同点：动

32、词不定式结构和动词的ing形式都被称之为非谓语结构，因此它们一般 都可以放在句中除了谓语之外的其他位置。2）区别 动词不定式的基本含义是表示谓语动词后面的动作还未发生，此外，若谓语动词 后面的动作发生过了也用不定式，而分词的基本含义一般则表示动作正在发 生或进行。 动名词的基本用法是该结构用在及物动词或介词之后构成动宾短语或介宾短语。3）接不定式或动名词，意义相同：begin to dobegin doingstart to dostart doing4）动名词与不定式语义不同：a. stop to dob. forget to doc. remember to dod. try to do

33、e go on to dof. mean to dostop doing forget doing remember doing try doing go on doing mean doing随堂练习：中考题las we all know, it's not polite to keep othersfor a long time. (2011 上海中考)a.waitb. waitedc. to waitd. waiting2.you had better because you have to drive back home. (2011 上海中考)a not drinking b

34、 not drink c.don't drink d not to drink3 before going to the history museum, our teacher told usthe public rules. (2010 上海中考)a. obeyb. to obeyc. obeyingd. obeyed(2009上海中(2009上海中(2008上海中4. the woman feels that she should let her sonhis own decision this time.考)a.makesb.makec.to maked.making5. sus

35、an finally became a popular singer after he practicedfor years.考)a.singb.to singc.singingd.sang6. our headmaster asked usa report on how to protect wild animals.考)a. writeb. writingc to writed. wrote7. we'd betteroff our mobile phones. the meet will start in a minute.a. to turnb. turningc turnd.

36、 turned一二模1 what are you going to do when you finishthe room?d)cleanedd) protecta) to cleanb)cleaningc)clean2. we'll make lawsour environment.a) protectedb) protectingc) to protect3 my little brother hopes the film dad, where are we going, though he has seen ittwice.a) to seeb) seec) to seeingd)

37、 saw4. while in college, mike never minded extra work for his classa) to dob) doingc) dod) did5. to live a green life, we trymore energy and produce less pollution.a. to saveb. savec savesd. saved6. m匚 white spent about one hour and a halfthe accident report yesterday evening.a. writeb. writtenc wri

38、tingd. to write7. children are often warnedthe fire.a) not to playb) to playc) don't playd) doesn't play8. we5d rathersome books instead of playing computer gamesa) readb) to readc) readingd) reads9. linda and her mother are busythe necessary things into their suitcases.a) packb) packingc) p

39、ackedd) to pack10. even in the police station, the thief still deniedthe girl's wallet from her pocket.a) stealb) stolec) stealingd) to steal11. all of the teachers and students hopea successful result in the projecta) haveb)to havec)haved)having12. all the people were amazed that the girl could

40、 keepfor hours.a) turnb) turningc) to turnd) turned13. in order to have a good sleep, you should let your body.a) relaxb)relaxesc)to relaxd)relaxing14. you had betterwith her about the colour and the size of the furniture.a) discussedb) discussingc) to discussd).discuss15. it is not easy for the chi

41、nesefor a visa(签证)to the usaa. applyb. to applyc applyingd. applied16. fll invite you to my new flat as soon as i finishit.a decoratingb. decoratec. to decorated. decorated17. if i can't finishmy homework now, fll go on with it after supper.a. dob. doingc. didd. to do1& nowadays most of the

42、chinese have decideda trip to malaysia.a. don't takeb not to takec. not taked. wont take19. during the summer holidays, the girl practisedthe piano for three hours every day.a. playb playsc. to playd. playing课后作业(一)1. when the earthquake was felt, m匚 wang rushed into the teaching building to ask

43、 the studentsout to safety.a) to runb) runc) rand) running2. you'd betterdepend on your dictionaiy all the time. try to guess the meaning of theword from the context.a) don'tb) notc) not tod) to not3 alice had a bad cold and the doctor told her plenty of watera) drinkb) drinksc) drankd) to d

44、rink4. the way of improving our spoken english isit as often as we can.a) speakb) to speakc) spokend) to speaking5. at the meeting jack deniedcomic strips in class from time to time. we canx jump toconclusions.a) readb) to readc) readingd) have read6. would you mindforward a bit? it is too crowded h

45、erea. steppingb. to stepc. steppedd. step7. jane asked, "are you sure to make meyounger after you cut my hair?，"a. looksb. lookingc. to lookd. look& jenny deniedanything about the missing purse yesterday afternoon.a) knowb) to knowc) knowingd) knew9. mum always tells meany food when i

46、have dinner at homea) not to wasteb) doit wastec) not wasted) to not waste10. the baby is sleeping now. we'd better.a) not to wake her upb) not wake her upc) to not to wake her upd) don't wake her up11. the most important thing for us grade nine students now is hard as much aspossible.a) wor

47、kb) to workc) workingd) worked12. yesterday i kept for amy at the bus stop for a long time.a) waitb) waitedc) waitingd) to wait13. pansy agrees one of the basic waysour memory is to use the link method.a) improvingb) to improvec) improved) improved14. jenny deniedthe magazines out of the reading roo

48、m yesterday aftemoon.a) takeb) tookc) takingd) to take15. felix is very generous and he doesn't mindme the new ipada) lentb) lendingc) lendd) to lend16. when i was walking along the road, a sudden loud noise made mea) to jumpb) jumpc) jumpedd) junping17. too much homework makes the studentsevery

49、 weekend.a) to studyb) studyc) studiedd) studying18. at first the student deniedvideo games in classa) playb) to playc) playingd) play19. it is really comfortablein an air-conditioned classroom in summer.a) studyb) to studyc) studyingd) studied20. cathy enjoysher grandchildren playing with her pets

50、in the garden.a) watchb) watchingc) to watchd) watches21. we mustn't let people under 18 into internet bars or let thembad things.a) watchesb) watchc) watchedd) watching22. it is essential for a good detectivethe innocent and to find the guilty.a) to protectb) protectingc) protectd) protected23.

51、 in that small seaside village, most children are good ata) swimb) swamc) swimmingd) swims24. spending a whole day working in the field let the childrenthe farmers5 hard life.a) understandb) to understandc) understoodd) understanding25. researchers at xerox designed an icon system. but apple was the

52、 firstit popular.a) makeb)to makec)makingd)made26. we hadn't seen each other for ages, so wc spent the eveningup on each other's newsa) to catchb)catchc)catchingd)to catching27. we had betterbyheart as many sentencepatterns as we can.a) learnb)to learnc)learningd)learnt2& don" allow

53、 other thoughtsyour mind when trying to memorize something.a) enterb) to enterc) enteringd) entered(二)1. detective ken interviewed jill and jenny. they both deniedthe vase.a. stealb. stolec. stealingd. to steal2. south korean first female president, park geun-hye (朴槿惠)promisedher best toserve people

54、a. dob. doingc. didd. to do3. it，s possible for ordinary peopleon the moon in the near futurea. walkb. to walkc. walkingd. will walk4. a good way to improve our memory isinformation with pictures.a) linkb) linkedc) linksd) to link5. keepreading english regularly, your reading skills will be improved

55、 quickly.a. practiceb. practicingc to practiced. practiced6. the traffic police warned the driverdrive over 60 miles in town.a. notb. don'tc. not tod to not7. wait a minute, let meyou how to use this new dish-washer.a) showb) to showc) showingd) will show8. i don't like taking a bus during r

56、ush hours i would rathera bike.a) to rideb) ridingc) rided) rode9. if s unnecessary for youso much luggage for a business trip.a) carryingb) carryc) are carryingd) to carry10. albert hateshere and there to attend all kinds of boring conferences.a) flyb) flyingc) fliesd) has flown11. newspapers say that so far h7n9(禽流感)has caused several peoplea) dieb) to diec) dyingd) died12. after the students learnt the text hot tips for augu