专题讲解祈使句及练习

1、祈使句一 祈使句的用法。1. 祈使句的概念。祈使句表命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、号召等，谓语动词用原 形。主语 you 通常省略，句末用感叹号或句号， 例如：Knock at the door before entering, please!进来时请敲门！ （建议）Look out! There is a train coming.注意！火车来了 ! （提醒）Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking.请穿结实的鞋子，因为我们要走许多的路。 （叮嘱）Put on your coat at once. We must hurry.立

2、刻穿上衣服，我们必须快点（命令）Give blood if you can and many lives will be saved.如果你能，来献血吧，这会挽救很多人的生命。 （号召）2. 祈使句的分类。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句，第一人称祈使句和第三人称祈使句 。二第二人称祈使句是以听话人为祈使对象的祈使句，通常用来向听话者 发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语 you 通常不表示出来，而 是已动词原形开头 ，例如：Keep quiet, please!Open the door, please!Hurry up!3. 第一人称祈使句是第一人称代词作为祈使句的对象，这类祈使句通常是 以

3、 let 为引导词表示建议。句子结构为 let+me/us+ 动词原形 ，例如： Let's go out and play ！让我们出去玩吧。Let's play a guessing game! 我们来玩猜谜游戏吧。Let me have a look! 让我来看一看。Let me tell you! 让我来告诉你。4. 第三人称祈使句是以第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，以 let 为 引导词，句子结构为 let+him/her/it/them/名词 +动词原形 ，例如：Let him be here by 10 o' clock. 让他十点前来这儿。Let

4、her do it by herself. 让他 10 点前来这儿。Let it go. 让它去吧。典型例题用括号内动词的适当形式填空。Tom,(do) the homework now.解题思路：该题句首Tom后面有个逗号，说明是对 Tom说话，后面的 说话 内容是一个祈使句，应该用动词原形开头，用do,意思是“ Tom现在做作业吧。”但是有的学生会忽略逗号。误以为是现在进行时的句子，填成 is doing.三否定的祈使句。1.第二人称祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加don't或n ever,例如：Don't be nervous! 你不要紧张 !Don' t ma

5、ke any noise! 都别吵人了！Never be late again. 别再迟到了。Please don 't forget to take your medicine.请不要忘记吃药。2. 第一人称祈使句的否定结构。是在动词原形前面加 not, 句型为 let me/us/ not do sth.例如：Let's not waste our time arguing about it!咱们别浪费时间争论这事了！Let's not say anything about it!这事咱们谁也别说！Let's not go back late.3. 第一人称

6、祈使句的否定结构，是在其句首加didn 't,例如：Don' t let him play with the fire.让他不要玩火！Don' t let anyon e come in. 就让任何人进来！Don' t let them play along the river.别让他们在河边玩。4. “ No+名词或动名词”结构表示禁止，一般用于指示、标牌、布告等，例如：No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ 随地吐痰！No litter! 不准乱扔果皮纸屑！ 内！No thoroughfare! 禁止通行！ the wall! 墙上不准涂写！No spittin

7、g!No entry!No painting on不准不许入No admittance except on business! 非公莫人！ 典型例题 将下列祈使句改成否定句(1) Let's fly kites now.解题思路：第一人称祈使句的否定结构，在动词原形前面加 not, 句型为 Let me/us not do sth.(2)Let him stay at home alone.第三人称祈使句的否定结构，是在其句首加 don't. 不要和第一人称祈使句的 否定结构混淆起来。用动词的适当形式填空。(1)Alice, (not be) sad about it.解题思路

8、：该题句首 Alice 后面有个逗号，说明是对 Alice 说话，后面 的说话内容是个祈使句，括号里“ not be ”提示为祈使句的否定形式，填 don't be, 意思是 “ Alice, 不要为此而难过了。”但是有的学生会忽略逗号， 填成 isn 't.过关演练I 连词成句。, after , read, me, sit, please.003. here, come, and, the, blackboard, clean, go, and , stand, please, window, close, please, me, a yo-yo, buy, please,

9、 listen, me, carefully, please,let 's. hide -and-seek, make, let ' s, mistake s, any,don 't late, class , for, me, give, some, cookies, please,them, don 't, play, the, along, river, don ' t, let, in, come, hurry, or, be, youll, late, the, electric, fan, on, pleaseII 将下列祈使句改成否定句,

10、please.her a hamburger.your teeth now.around the house.the baby laugh.the bird fly away.the dog stay in the cage.'s get ready for the picnic.' s watch TV after supper.s cross the road together.the bed now.on your new shoes.them finish their work now.him do it by himself.III. 将下列祈使句改成肯定句。'

11、;t go there with them.t take a sandwich with you.t take him to the funfair with tomorrow.t turn on the TV.t feed the bird.'t wait for me.t let her open the window.t let them eat the sweet.s not talk about the movie.s not walk around the tree.IV 照样子写句子。例如： Don't smoke. ? No smoking.' t wa

12、lking on the grass.? _' t make noise. ? ' t litter.? ' t swim here. ? ' t feed the animal.? ' t touch. ? ' t climb the tree.? ' t paint on the wall.? ' t jump off the wall.' t pick flowers. ? ' t take photos.? ' t eat or drink here.? ' t shout.? V. 用括号

13、内动词的适当形式填空。is (lay) the table, please.(give) me some water, please!(fill)the form, please, and (sign) your name here., (do) the washing up, please., (not be) worry.I ' ll (be) fine.' s (not make) any mistakes.let the dog (not follow)me.061. Let 's (not, chase) the dog. It's dangerous

14、.and Lucy, (make) yourselves at home, please., (help) yourself to some fruit., (take) off your coat if you feel hot.' s (be) friends and (keep) in touch.VI. 选择填空。( )066. me the book, please.A. PassB. PassingC To pass( )067. make any noise. They are having an exam.A. Not B. NoC Don 't( )068Le

15、t's camping this weekend.A. goB. goingC to go( )069 let him computer games. It's bad for his eyes.A. Not, playB. Don ' t, play C. No, playing( )070 with fire. Its dangerous.A. Don ' t playB. PlayC. Not play( )071A. makes B. makeC. is making( )072.Dad, at home.A. doesn ' tB. isn &

16、#39;tC. don ' t smokesmokesmoking( )073Let'sblow bubbles at home.Jack, paper plane for me now.A. don 't B. notC .no( )074Please go with us,?C. won ' t youA. don ' t youB. will you( )075Let me help you,?A. won' t youB. will youC. will I( )076 Let s take a walk. ?t youA. shall

17、weB. will you C. won( )Work hard, you can ' t pass the exam.077.A. andB. butC. or( ) Go straight ahead, you will see the bank.078.A. andB. butC. or( ) Put on your coat, you will catch a cold.079.A. soB. orC. and( ) Read more, you will know a lot.080.A. andB. soC. orVII. 用祈使句改写下列句子，并保持意思不变。mustn&

18、#39;t eat or drink in class.mustn't play football in the street.must listen to the teacher carefully in class.must finish your homework on time every day.can't take photos in the museum.can't climb the trees in the park.can' t swim in the lake.can 'tjump off the wall.must keep quiet in the hospital.must follow the school rules at school.can 'twalk on the grass in the park.can' t give up learning English.VIII. 根据中午提示，将下列句子翻译成英文，每空一词。093. 不要再太阳底下看书，这对眼睛不好。 books in the sun. It's bad for your eyes.094. 不要吃太多糖，这对牙齿不好。 too