常见句子成分完整讲义总结+复习

1、英语语法复习一一一句子成分英语的句子中主要要这几种成分：主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表。其中句子主干组成：主、谓、宾、表、补（组成五大基本句型）句子中的修饰成分：定语、状语（在句子中可增可减，去掉不影响句子的完整）主语（名词结构的词可做主语）1.名词School is over.Bread is made from flour.2.代词He enjoys playing tennis.She likes to watch TV on Sundays.+形容词The rich envy the happiness of the poor.The beautiful lives forever.4.

2、to+do不7E式To keep early hours makes us healthy.To see is to believe.5. doing动名词Jogging is good for our health.Writing well requires much practice.6.名词短语How to soke the problem troubles me much.7.主语从句That the earth is round is known to everyone.Why he resigned is a mystery to me.It（ 形式主语）is obvious th

3、at he knows everything（主语从句）.、谓语（动词做句子的谓语，谓语往往有时态的变化）Be动词You are my best friend.You were right.Ihave been there before.系动词The flowers smell sweet.It turned blue.及物动词Igave her a bread.Ihave a dictionary.不及物动词The sun rises.Her mother left in a dark morning.动词短语He applied for a presitigious university.

4、We must look into the matter immediately.The student deals with a very difficult question.助动词+动词Ihave finished my work.Iwas helped by my teacher.Idon ' t know why it happened.He will come back tomorrow.情态动词+ 动词Imust learn another language. She has to consider his opinion. Iwould go to Mr. Smith

5、for help.、宾语（请注意：能做主语的词也能做宾语；及物动词有宾语，介词后面也有宾语）1.名词He wrote a letter.I have a headache.2.代词He helped me in the work.Playing tennis made him popular.3. the+ 形容词The rich should help the poor.The young should respect the old.4. to do不 7E 式I want to go to the concert. He likes to listen to music.5. doing

6、 动名词I don ' t mind getting wet.I enjoy watching a football game.6.名词短语I don ' t know how to swim.I decided what to buy.7.宾语从句I wonder when he will come.Tell me why you came late.I thought that the bus had left.I don ' t know whether he will come or not.8.直接宾语和 间接宾语They told me（ 间）the new

7、s （直）.He showed me （间） how to do it （直）.9.同源宾语（许 多/、及物动词可 接同源宾语）She lives a happy life.He slept a peaceful sleep.He dreamed a strange dream.四、补语（宾语补足语，对宾语进行解释说明，可和宾语构成有逻辑的句子）1.名词They elected him chairman.The president made him captain.2.形容词Her boyfriend makes her sad.I found the room empty.We keep t

8、he baby warm.3.形容词短语The girls made his table full of flowers.They believed it of no value.The teacher makes him conscious of his mistake.4. 不te式The soldiers do not allow anyone to enter.My sister asked me to go home.He helps me to get better grades.5.现在分词I watch the train leaving the station.I hear

9、somebody laughing.I caught them smoking in school.6.过去分词He found his money stolen.I had my hair cut.He can ' t make himself understood.7.名词从句（补Education has made him what he is today.语从句）He told his daughter what happened.His wife asked him which dress she should wear.五、表语（放在系动词之后，对主语进行说明的成分就是表语

10、）1.名词His name is Sam.She is a teacher.2.代词The victim is her.The doctor is him.3.形容词Fast food is popular.She looks happy.Leaves turned red in fall.4. 不7E式The best way is to let him stay in his room. Our plan is to finish the work.5.动名词His great pleasure in life is traveling.My hobby is growing flower

11、s.My favorite sport is playing tennis.6.现在分词（本 身的特征）The dog is frightening.The city life is exciting.The book is boring.7.过去分词（事 物所处状态）Her parents were satisfied with her school report.The dog is frightened.I feel bored.8.介词短语The patient is out of danger.She is in the room.The house is on fire.9.名词短

12、语The question is what to do now.10.表语从句My opinion is that you must go right away.This is what he said.That ' s why I want to work here.句子修饰成分：定语、状语六、定语：（主要用于修饰主语和宾语的形容词结构，也可理解为修饰名词的形容词结构， 限定词，单个形容词，现在分词和过去分词一般放在名词左边；形容词短语、不定式、现在 分词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、定语从句和同位语从句一般放在名词右边）1.形容词Adiligent student will suc

13、ceed.Let me tell you something interesting.2.单个分词The wounded passengers were carried to a hospital at once.The sleeping baby must have a sweet dream.3.介词短语Hotels around the beach area are booked to capacity in summer.The tree in front of the house makes the house cool.People in the world play basket

14、ball.4. 不7E式The best way to communicate with a foreigner is to make him laugh.I have a big family to support.He is always the first to come.5.现在分词短语A man wearing a green uniform delivers letters to our community.They built a highway leading to the mountains.We met a group of pupils returning from sc

15、hool.6.过去分词短语English is not the language spoken in that area.The speaker answered all the questions raised by the audience.This is a book written by a famous novelist.7.形容词短语English is a language easy to learn.He gave me a basket full of eggs.These are the books available in this library.8.定语从句She t

16、ook away everything that belongs to her.The man who you met just now is my uncle.I like musicians who can play different kinds of music.9.同位语从句The news that he is still alive is really encouraging.I don ' t believe the fact that he lied to his mother.七、状语（用于修饰动词的副词或者相当于副词的结构）1.副词They played happ

17、ily near their house.I barely know you.Basically, you can buy everything you can think of in a supermarket.2.介词短语She was trembling with fear.I have to go to sleep after 10In short, I have done my best.3.不7E式短语I must get up early to catch the first train.To get better grades, we need to study hard.4.

18、分词结构Knowing the difficulties, he still sticks to his goal.Defeated by their enemies, they withdrew into the valley.Seen from the top, the mountain is a sea of trees.5.状语从句Unless it rains tomooow, I will go swimming.When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.If you don ' t have a good comma

19、nd of English grammar, youwon' t write good English.He was punished because he didn ' t obey the regulations.Although he has a 10t of money, he is unhappy.It looks as if it is going to rain.Practice:请指出下面文章的句子成分Americans today have different eating habits. There is a wide selection of food a

20、vailable. They have a broader knowledge of nutrition, so they buy more fresh fruit and vegetables than ever before. At the same time, american purchase increasing quantities of sweets and sodas.Statistics show that the way people live determines the way they eat. Americanlifestyles have changed. There are now growing numbers of people who live alone.These changing lifestyles are responsible for the increasing number of people whomust rush meals or sometimes simply go without them. Many Americans have less timethan ever before to spend prepa