大学英语跨文化交际PPT课件

1、Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns 黑龙江大学外语部 Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but habits and customs keep them apart. ConfuciusLearning Objectives In this chapter, the teacher should enable the students to:w1. understand the definition of cultural patterns.w2. describe the comp

2、onents of cultural patterns.wsummarize the theory about cultural patterns.w4. evaluate the importance of cultural patterns. Chapter 7 Cultural PatternsCultural PatternsBeliefsValuesHuman NaturePerson-NatureComponents Edward T HallsContext - Culture TheoryKluckhohn and Strodtbecks Value OrientationDe

3、finition NormsSocial PracticesTime Activity Relational Individualism and CollectivismUncertainty AvoidancePower distanceMasculinity FemininityHigh-contextLow-contextWays of ThinkingWays of ActingHofstedes Dimensions of Cultural VariabilityChapter 7 Cultural Patterns1. Why did Shaeed quit the idea of

4、 marrying the Indonesian young lady, even though they loved each other very much? 2. In what way did the Indonesian young ladys mother refuse Shaheeds mothers marriage proposal? And what did she mean by serving bananas with the tea?3. How does this case reflect the ways of Indonesian communication?

5、Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns1. Ways of thinking Cultural patterns are shared mental programs that govern specific behavior choices. 2. Ways of acting Cultural patterns are not so much consciously taught as unconsciously experienced as a by-product of day-to-day activities. Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns

6、 Cultural PatternsSocial Practices Beliefs Chapter 7 Cultural PatternsNormsValues A belief is an idea that people assume to be true about the world. For example:1) a widely shared belief dates back to the time when Europeans believed that the earth was flat2) a belief for many European Americans is

7、that in “reality” there is a separation between the physical and spiritual worlds. Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns Values involve what a culture regards as good or bad, right or wrong, fair or unfair, just or unjust, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, valuable or worthless, appropriate or inappropriate,

8、 and kind or cruel. Chapter 7 Cultural Patternsw Norms are the socially shared expectations of appropriate behaviors. w Norms may change over a period of time, whereas beliefs and values tend to be much more enduring. Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns Social practices are the predictable behavior patterns

9、 that members of a culture typically follow. Thus, social practices are the outward manifestations of beliefs, values, and norms. Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns1. The definition of context: “the information that surrounds an event; it is inextricably bound up with the mean-ing of the event.” 2. Categor

10、ization of high-context culture and low-context culture depending on the degree to which meaning comes from the set-tings or from the words being exchanged. Chapter 7 Cultural Patternsw “A high context (HC) communication or message is one in which most of the infor-mation is already in the person, w

11、hile very little is in the coded, explicitly transmit-ted part of the message. Tea Ceremony Chapter 7 Cultural Patternsw A low context (LC) communication is just the opposite; i.e., the mass of the information is vested in the explicit code.” An American standing on chair in restaurantgiving speech

12、at his leaving his hometown Chapter 7 Cultural Patternsw High-Context Culturesw Japanese w Chinesew Koreanw African Americanw Native Americanw Arabw Greekw Latinw Italianw Englishw Frenchw Americanw Scandinavianw Germanw German-Swissw Lower-Context CulturesChapter 7 Cultural Patternsw 1. What is the

13、 problem shown in this case?w 2. Why did Ning Tong keep silent? w What information do you think he wanted to convey?w 3. Why did Tom get so angry? w What is his interpretation of Ning Tongs silence? Chapter 7 Cultural PatternswBlood is thicker than water. wTime is money.wA mans house is his castle.

14、wThe early bird catches the worm. w人之初，性本善。w天人感应。w一人得道，鸡犬升天。w以人为鉴，可以明得失；w以史为鉴，可以知兴替。 Chapter 7 Cultural PatternsHindu ethics 1. Human Nature Orientation2. Person-Nature Orientation3. Time Orientation 4. Activity Orientation 5. Relational OrientationKluckhohn and Strodtbecks Value OrientationChapter

15、7 Cultural Patterns (1) Humans are evil but changeable, (2) Humans are evil and unchangeable, (3) Humans are neutral with respect to good and evil, (4) Humans are a mixture of good and evil, (5) Humans are good but changeable, and (6) Humans are good and unchangeable.Good but corruptible Chapter 7 C

16、ultural Patterns Evil but perfectible (1) Mastery with Nature （注：图片为愚公移山）(2) Harmony with Nature （注：图片为中药材）(3) Subjugation to Nature （注：图片为印尼海啸）subjugation to nature Harmony with Nature mastery with nature Mastery with Nature Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns a. Value - Past Orientation b. Value - Present

17、 Orientation c. Value - Future OrientationChapter 7 Cultural Patternsw a. Value - Doing Orientation w b. Value - Being Orientation w c. Value - Being-in-Becoming Orientation Chapter 7 Cultural Patternsw a. Value - Individualism Orientation w b. Value - Lineality Orientation w c. Value - Collateralit

18、y Orientation Chapter 7 Cultural Patternsw What would you add or change to more accurately express the Chinese orientation to relation? w Is the relational orientation changing? w What is your evidence? Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns1. Individualism v.s. Collectivism 2. Uncertainty Avoidance3. Power Di

19、stance4. Masculinity v.s. Femininity Chapter 7 Cultural PatternsThe characteristics of cultures that value individualism w Peoples personal goals take priority over their groups like the family or the employer. w The loyalty of individualists to a given group is very weak.w People feel they belong t

20、o many groups and are apt to change their membership as it suits them, switching churches, for example, or leaving one employer for another. -Daniel Goleman Chapter 7 Cultural Patternsw Uncertainty avoidance deals with the degree to which members of a culture try to avoid uncertainty. w Hofstede sum

21、marizes the view of people in high uncertainty avoidance cultures as “what is different, is dangerous,” and the belief of people in low uncertainty avoidance cultures as “what is different, is curious”. Chapter 7 Cultural Patternsw Power distance is “the extent to which the less powerful members of

22、institutions and organizations accept that power is distributed unequally”. w How do you interpret the relationship between the following pairs in both high and low power distance culture ? . parents-children . teacher-student . boss-employeeChapter 7 Cultural Patternsw In masculine cultures both man and women are relatively tough, and socia